Traceable UV-Vis Reference Materials

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Traceable UV-Vis Reference Materials"

Transcription

1 UV-Vis Spectroscopy Traceable UV-Vis Reference Materials For Regulatory Compliance Introduction Many laboratories, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, are under increasing pressure to show proof of quality of their products and of the validity of techniques and instrumentation used to check this quality. This pressure may come from regulatory bodies, from internal Quality Control or from customers who need to control the quality of their received goods. In order to prove that Quality Control instrumentation is functioning within acceptable limits, regular calibration checks must be carried out. EN ISO 9001:2000 section 7.6 states: Where necessary to ensure valid results, measuring equipment shall.be calibrated or verified at specific intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurements standards.. Title 21, Chapter 1, part 820, Section of the FDA Regulatory Guidelines states: Calibration procedures shall include specific directions and limits for accuracy and precision. When accuracy and precision limits are not met, there shall be provisions for remedial action to reestablish the limits and to evaluate whether there was any adverse effect on the device's quality. These activities shall be documented. Calibration standards used for inspection, measuring, and test equipment shall be traceable to national or international standards. If national or international standards are not practical or available, the manufacturer shall use an independent reproducible standard.

2 If no applicable standard exists, the manufacturer shall establish and maintain an in-house standard. This Technical Note will outline the types of calibration checks that should be carried out; what materials are available for these checks, and how some of the processes are traceable to international reference materials. Checking Instrument Calibration For any type of analytical work, it is essential to check several aspects of the analytical instrument s performance. There are two broad calibration areas, which separate instrument performance functions into major and minor importance criteria. The major calibration check areas are: Wavelength accuracy and precision Photometric accuracy and precision Stray light Spectral resolution Minor areas are: Stability Noise Flatness All of the above are checked using Reference Materials RMs). Many types of reference material exist: these may be Table 1. Comparison of Reference Materials Material Advantage Disadvantage Fundamental Solid Liquid fundamental, for example the sharp lines emitted by a mercury lamp; solid, for example a grey glass filter for calibration of ordinate accuracy, or liquid, for example sodium iodide solution for measurement of stray light. A comparison of Reference Material types is shown in Table 1. Checking Wavelength Traceability is not an issue: High stability: available as Standard Reference Material. Convenient wavelength accuracy check using holmium perchlorate, many materials for checking stray light and ordinate accuracy. This test is critical to ensure that the wavelength being measured is optimal, and that it complies with SOP s and regulated methods. A loss of wavelength calibration could lead to large-scale loss of sensitivity, especially when the assay involves the measurement of a narrow spectral peak, or in the worst case could lead to the measurement of an artifact or contaminant leading to Number of standards available is limited; may need specialist knowledge to implement. Limited number of materials. Can have poor stability compared to solids. Traceability is an issue. Figure 1.Deuterium Emission Peak at 656.1nm invalidation of the measurement. Calibration of wavelength accuracy can be performed using fundamental, solid or liquid reference materials. Figure 1 shows the spectrum of the deuterium emission line at 656.1nm. This peak position is a fundamental property of

3 deuterium, so it is not necessary to prove traceability. A series of twenty spectra were superimposed to produce Figure 1, so the wavelength reproducibility can also be determined from the graph. All peaks were within 0.02nm of the deuterium line centre wavelength, representing extremely high reproducibility. Similarly, a mercury lamp produces many sharp, wellcharacterized peaks (Figure 2) which are extremely reproducible, and thus provide an accurate method for checking wavelength accuracy calibration. Measuring the observed wavelength of a known lamp peak is a convenient and accurate way to check an instrument s wavelength accuracy. Checking wavelength accuracy can also be carried out using a sample of holmium oxide dispersed in glass. This again offers sharp peaks (Figure 3) but in a much more convenient form: this glass reference material is very stable and durable. The calibration check is performed by inserting the glass sample into the instrument s sample holder position, so can be carried out by any operator. Alternatively, wavelength accuracy can be checked using a solution of 4mg/ml holmium perchlorate (Figure 4). This again Figure 2. Mercury lamp emission spectrum Figure 3. Absorption Spectrum of Holmium Oxide Glass Filter. Figure 4. Absorption Spectrum of Holmium Perchlorate Solution. provides sharp peaks for accurate calibration checking, and can be freshly prepared in most routine laboratories. A disadvantage is that solutions in open cuvettes can be unstable, so need to be freshly prepared on a regular basis. Also, the use of perchloric acid is stringently controlled today. A more reliable option is to obtain sealed samples which are safer to handle and offer much better stability. In summary, for checking wavelength accuracy calibration, several methods exist, each of which provides sharp peaks for precise calibration. The choice of which to use

4 depends on materials available, regulatory guidelines (to be discussed later) and application. Checking Photometric This test is used to ensure that the absorbance (or transmission) reported by the instrument is accurate. Failure to do this could mean that results obtained from quantitative assays are compromised: the amount of analyte in the sample could be incorrectly measured. Checking Photometric can be carried out using solid or liquid reference materials. Figure 5 shows the absorption spectrum of 60.06mg/L potassium dichromate in double distilled water. This can be used to check the accuracy of the observed absorbance at 235nm, 257nm, 313nm and 350nm. Dichromate solution has long been used for checking photometric accuracy as the sample can be readily prepared by most routine laboratories. The solution has to be freshly prepared, however, and the concentration must be precisely controlled. To avoid this inconvenience, and achieve better stability, sealed samples can be obtained. Alternatively, photometric accuracy can be checked using neutral density grey glass filters. Figure 5. Absorption Spectrum of Potassium Dichromate Solution. Figure 6. Absorption Spectra of Three Neutral Density Filters These have a relatively flat absorption spectrum across the visible spectral region, so offer a convenient and reproducible means of checking photometric accuracy. Neutral density filters can be obtained for different values of absorbance, to match the expected absorbance range of the routine assays to be carried out. Test wavelengths are 440nm, 465nm, 546.1nm, 590nm and 635nm. Neutral density filters are stable, durable, and require no sample preparation. They are therefore very convenient as calibration reference materials. Their disadvantage is that they only apply to the visible spectral region, so cannot be used to check the UV region.

5 Checking Stray Light Levels This test is used to ensure that the light being delivered to the sample consists of a narrow band of wavelengths controlled by the monochromator: light outside the selected wavelength is undesirable, and is termed stray light. Excess stray light in a spectrophotometer causes an error in the linearity of the assay, since the sample sees a wider bandwidth of light than it should, not just the region where the analyte absorbs. Determination of stray light performance is carried out by measuring a sample at a wavelength where it is effectively totally absorbing. Measured light therefore originates from a different spectral region, where the sample transmits. Figure 7 shows the transmission spectrum for 10g/L sodium iodide in double distilled water. The absorbance at 220nm is extremely high, giving a transmission of %. Light at this wavelength is strongly absorbed, so any signal must originate from the spectral region where the sample transmits. This is the basis of the stray light test. Other samples are used to test stray light for different spectral regions. Figure 8 shows the transmission spectrum of 50 Figure 7. Transmission Spectrum of Sodium Iodide Solution Figure 8. Transmission Spectrum of Sodium Nitrite Solution Figure 9. Transmission Spectrum of Potassium Chloride Solution g/l sodium nitrite in double distilled water, and the two wavelengths where it is used for measuring stray light (340nm and 370nm). A stray light test at 200nm can be carried out using 12 g/l potassium chloride in double distilled water. This wavelength is adjacent to the sharp transmission cut-on curve of the sample, (Figure 9) so stray light above approx. 202nm will be measured. This latter test has been adopted by various pharmacopoeias (USP, EP, BP, TGA) and ASTM.

6 Checking Spectral Resolution This is important to ensure that sharp spectral features will be measured accurately. Poor spectral resolution could lead to compromised assay specificity, especially if the sample has a highly structured absorbance spectrum. Spectral resolution can be tested using a solution of 0.02% v/v toluene in hexane where the ratio of the peak around 269nm to the baseline around 266nm should be greater than 1.5 (Figure 10). This can be obtained as a sealed cuvette, and is very stable, providing a very convenient and reliable test. Spectral resolution can also be tested by measuring the width at half peak maximum for the deuterium peak at 656.1nm (Figure 11). The half width should be 0.1nm or less for a 0.1nm slit bandwidth setting. In the example shown, the observed bandwidth is approximately 0.08nm. Again, the wavelength reproducibility is apparent. The graph contains twenty superimposed spectra, the peak wavelength is within 0.02nm of that expected. This is well within the specified wavelength reproducibility of the instrument. Figure 10. Absorption Spectrum of Toluene in Hexane Figure 11. FWHM of the 656.1nm Deuterium Peak

7 Selecting Reference Materials Reference Materials are often supplied as kits, to provide the user with a pre-defined set of tests for all critical aspects of instrument performance. A list of PerkinElmer s Reference Materials is shown in Table 2. Many regulatory bodies insist that one or more of the tests outlined above are carried out routinely (Table 3). As can be seen, four major pharmacopoeias (USA, European, British and Australian) recommend the four materials included in set B Table 2. PerkinElmer s Reference Material Program Part Number Set Description Contents B B B L L NIST traceable secondary reference materials NIST traceable secondary reference materials Pharmacopoeia Reference Materials NIST Traceable Reference Materials NTRM-1930 NIST Traceable Reference Materials NTRM-930 Neutral density filters for photometric accuracy, Holmium oxide glass filter for wavelength accuracy Solutions of potassium chloride, sodium iodide, sodium nitrite and reference for stray light measurement Potassium dichromate for photometric accuracy, holmium perchlorate for wavelength accuracy, potassium chloride for stray light and toluene in hexane for spectral resolution Neutral density filters (0.3A, 1.5A, 2A) for photometric accuracy. Neutral density filters (0.5A, 0.7A, 1A) for photometric accuracy. Table 3. Test Requirements for Several Regulatory Bodies Test Photometric Reference Material Potassium dichromate Spectral Range USP BP EP TGA ASTM UV/Visible ( nm) Photometric Neutral density filters Visible ( nm) Wavelength Holmium perchlorate UV/Visible ( nm) Stray Light Potassium Chloride UV (200nm) Stray Light Sodium Iodide UV (220nm) Stray Light Sodium nitrite UV (340 & 370nm) Spectral Resolution Toluene in hexane UV (269nm)

8 Primary, Secondary, and NIST traceable Reference Materials Primary Reference Materials are those which have been calibrated on a reference spectrometer at a national laboratory such as NIST in the USA, NPL in the UK and TNO in the Netherlands. These are termed Standard Reference Materials in the USA and Certified Reference Materials throughout Europe. Secondary Reference Materials are those which have been calibrated against primary reference materials on a supplier s reference spectrometer. They are created by measuring primary reference materials (e.g. NIST SRM 930) on the supplier s reference spectrometer to ensure that the reference spectrometer measurements fall within the NIST SRM 930 tolerances. Uncalibrated materials are then measured, and the results recorded on a calibration certificate. This comparative process claims traceability to the primary Standard Reference Material, but this is not truly traceable, as there is no proof of the calibration process. The use of Primary Reference Materials is clearly optimal, since this provides true traceability of the calibration, but obtaining these can be difficult, as demand for Primary Reference Materials is high. For this reason, the NTRM (NIST Traceable Reference Material) program is being managed by NIST and NVLAP to improve the availability of NTRM 930 and 1930 Reference Materials for the measurement of photometric accuracy. Potential suppliers of NTRMs are rigorously tested for competence and compliance with requirements detailed in ISO Accreditation is given by bodies such as NVLAP in the USA and UKAS in the UK: both of these are recognised by ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Co-operation). ILAC is a global network of 38 member organisations in 26 countries, and the results of an accredited laboratory are recognised by all member organisations. This means that accredited laboratories can supply Reference Materials which are designated NIST traceable, satisfying increasingly stringent requirements from GAMP to prove instrument calibration. The PerkinElmer Instrument Reference Material Certification Lab achieved accreditation from NVLAP on March 31 st, 2002 to produce NTRM 930 and NTRM Conclusion Validation of instrument performance is required increasingly by regulatory bodies. Proof of traceability to acknowledged standards is becoming fundamental to the acceptance of laboratory procedures. This is possible using Primary Reference Materials, and for photometric accuracy validation, the NTRM program provides widespread availability of traceable Reference Materials. PerkinElmer Instruments Headquarters Office 710 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, CT USA Phone: (800) Trademarked by third parties PerkinElmer, Inc.

Far UV Performance of the LAMBDA 850/950 UV/Vis and UV/Vis/NIR Research Spectrophotometers

Far UV Performance of the LAMBDA 850/950 UV/Vis and UV/Vis/NIR Research Spectrophotometers Far UV Performance of the LAMBDA 850/950 UV/Vis and UV/Vis/NIR Research Spectrophotometers UV/VIS AND UV/VIS/NIR SPECTROSCOPY A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E Summary The far UV region (generally covering

More information

GENERAL PHARMACOPOEIA MONOGRAPH

GENERAL PHARMACOPOEIA MONOGRAPH MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION GENERAL PHARMACOPOEIA MONOGRAPH Spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet GPM.1.2.1.1.0003.15 and visible spectral regions Replaces the SPRF X GPM, SPRF XI GPM,

More information

Evaluating Labsphere s new UV-2000

Evaluating Labsphere s new UV-2000 Ciba Grenzach GmbH Optical Spectroscopy Sabrina Siegle Dr. Wolfgang Schlenker Tel. +49 76 24 / 12-28 13 E-mail wolfgang.schlenker@ciba.com May 26, 9 Evaluating Labsphere s new UV- Abstract Labsphere s

More information

INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL

INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL OLIVE COUNCIL COI/T.20/Doc. No 19/Rev. 4 2017 ENGLISH Original: ENGLISH Príncipe de Vergara, 154 28002 Madrid España Telef.: +34 915 903 638 Fax: +34 915 631 263 - e-mail: iooc@internationaloliveoil.org

More information

Instrumental Limitations for High Absorbance Measurements in Noise

Instrumental Limitations for High Absorbance Measurements in Noise TECHNICAL NOTE Instrumental Limitations for High Absorbance Measurements in Noise UV/Vis/NIR Spectroscopy Author: Jeffrey L. Taylor, Ph.D. PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT Spectrophotometer Energy Using a

More information

Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Spectrum One NTS Tablet Autosampler System

Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Spectrum One NTS Tablet Autosampler System Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Spectrum One NTS Tablet Autosampler System A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E Introduction Recent advances in NIR technology have changed the ways in which both the pharmaceutical

More information

FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS

FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS FLUORESCENCE APPLICATIONS CORRECTION OF EMISSION SPECTRA USING THE PERKINELMER MODEL LS-50 LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETER Spectra collected on luminescence spectrometers consist of true spectral information

More information

Analytical Quality Control ensure the safety of the results of your samples

Analytical Quality Control ensure the safety of the results of your samples Analytical Quality Control ensure the safety of the results of your samples New Certified Reference materials ready-to-use for water and waste water analysis The life science business of Merck operates

More information

Design Considerations for a Variable Angle Absolute Reflectance Accessory For the LAMBDA 950/850/650 UV/Vis/NIR and UV/Vis Spectrophotometers

Design Considerations for a Variable Angle Absolute Reflectance Accessory For the LAMBDA 950/850/650 UV/Vis/NIR and UV/Vis Spectrophotometers Design Considerations for a Variable Angle Absolute Reflectance Accessory For the LAMBDA 950/850/650 UV/Vis/NIR and UV/Vis Spectrophotometers UV/VIS AND UV/VIS/NIR SPECTROSCOPY A P P L I C A T I O N N

More information

The Fundamentals of Moisture Calibration

The Fundamentals of Moisture Calibration The Fundamentals of Moisture The following guide will provide you with a basic knowledge of humidity calibration, help you to understand your requirements and select an appropriate solution. 1 Why Humidity

More information

UV / VIS Spectrophotometer EMCLAB Instruments GmbH

UV / VIS Spectrophotometer EMCLAB Instruments GmbH A Professional Manufacturer UV / VIS Spectrophotometer EMCLAB Instruments GmbH EMCLAB Instruments GmbH Bismarckstrasse 120 47057 Duisburg Germany Phone: +49 203 3064042 Fax: +49 203 3064044 E-mail: info@emc-lab.de

More information

SPECTROPHOTOMETERS. Visible and UV-Visible

SPECTROPHOTOMETERS. Visible and UV-Visible Visible and UV-Visible The Manifacturer ONDA Spectrophotometers are manifactured by a company with over than ten years of experience in development of UV/Vis instruments, Single beam and Double beam, with

More information

The Plus for your lab!

The Plus for your lab! BioPhotometer plus NEW! analysis system The Plus for your lab! The easy, rapid and reliable BioPhotometer plus analysis system See it clearly! UVette Precision in plastics The patented* 1 UVette is the

More information

Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Frontier Tablet Autosampler System

Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Frontier Tablet Autosampler System a p p l i c a t i o n N O T E Whole Tablet Measurements Using the Frontier Tablet Autosampler System FT-NIR Spectroscopy Introduction Recent advances in NIR technology have changed the ways in which both

More information

Compact Knowledge: Absorbance Spectrophotometry. Flexible. Reliable. Personal.

Compact Knowledge: Absorbance Spectrophotometry. Flexible. Reliable. Personal. L A B O R A T O R Y C O M P E T E N C E Compact Knowledge: Absorbance Spectrophotometry Flexible. Reliable. Personal. The interaction of light with molecules is an essential and well accepted technique

More information

METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION Avenue de Tervuren 149 1150 Brussels, Belgium Tel : (32/2) 7418683 Fax : (32/2) 7418684 e-mail : impca@epca.be IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

More information

Uncertainties associated with the use of a sound level meter

Uncertainties associated with the use of a sound level meter NPL REPORT DQL-AC 002 Uncertainties associated with the use of a sound level meter Richard Payne April 2004 April 2004 ABSTRACT Uncertainties associated with the use of a sound level meter Richard Payne

More information

Spa & Wellness for Pipettes

Spa & Wellness for Pipettes epservices for premium performance Spa & Wellness for Pipettes Pipette Performance Plans Treat your pipettes well with premium services from the experts! Total approach philosophy For over 60 years Eppendorf

More information

Characterisation & Use of Array Spectrometers

Characterisation & Use of Array Spectrometers Characterisation & Use of Array Spectrometers Mike Shaw, Optical Technologies & Scientific Computing Team, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington Middlesex, UK 1 Overview Basic design and features of

More information

C101-E107B UV Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer

C101-E107B UV Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer C101-E107B UV-3600 Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer High sensitivity, high resolution, and an ultra-low stray-light level achieved with the latest technology lead the way to new solutions. UV-3600

More information

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Arsenic Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-105-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes

More information

APPENDIX G EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

APPENDIX G EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY APPENDIX G EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY Table of Contents 1. SCOPE... 2 2. REFERENCES... 2 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS... 2 4. BACKGROUND... 4 5. EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY POLICY... 5

More information

3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 3 - Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Introduction Atomic-absorption (AA) spectroscopy uses the absorption of light to measure the concentration of gas-phase atoms. Since samples are usually liquids or solids,

More information

Chapter 13 An Introduction to Ultraviolet/Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry

Chapter 13 An Introduction to Ultraviolet/Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry Chapter 13 An Introduction to Ultraviolet/Visible Molecular Absorption Spectrometry 13A Measurement Of Transmittance and Absorbance Absorption measurements based upon ultraviolet and visible radiation

More information

Biochrom Libra. UV-Visible Spectrophotometers. High performance instruments with added application value for academia, research and industry

Biochrom Libra. UV-Visible Spectrophotometers. High performance instruments with added application value for academia, research and industry New Double Beam Spectrophotometers Biochrom Libra UV-Visible Spectrophotometers High performance instruments with added application value for academia, research and industry Biochrom Libra Real Choice

More information

Maintenance with OQ. ZEEnit 700. Operational Qualification OQ within the scope of a maintenance for the. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

Maintenance with OQ. ZEEnit 700. Operational Qualification OQ within the scope of a maintenance for the. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Maintenance with OQ Operational Qualification OQ within the scope of a maintenance for the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ZEEnit 700 Contents 1. GENERAL INFORMATION...4 2. DEFINITIONS...4 2.1 Validation...4

More information

Studies to develop certified reference material to calibrate spectrophotometer in ultraviolet region

Studies to develop certified reference material to calibrate spectrophotometer in ultraviolet region Studies to develop certified reference material to calibrate spectrophotometer in ultraviolet region Felipe Carvalho da Conceição, Paulo Paschoal Borges and Juliana Freitas Santos Gomes 2 National Institute

More information

Spectroscopy. Page 1 of 8 L.Pillay (2012)

Spectroscopy. Page 1 of 8 L.Pillay (2012) Spectroscopy Electromagnetic radiation is widely used in analytical chemistry. The identification and quantification of samples using electromagnetic radiation (light) is called spectroscopy. Light has

More information

C101-E116. Talk Letter. Vol.4 March 2010

C101-E116. Talk Letter. Vol.4 March 2010 C101-E116 UV Talk Letter Vol.4 March 2010 UV UV Talk Letter Detectors Talk Letter Vol.4 March 2010 In the context of spectrophotometers, the term "detector" refers to a light-receiving element that absorbs

More information

IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS a.i.s.b.l. International Methanol Producers & Consumers Association i.v.z.w. Avenue de Tervueren 270

More information

CALIBRATION REPORT FOR THERMOHYDROMETER

CALIBRATION REPORT FOR THERMOHYDROMETER CALIBRATION REPORT FOR THERMOHYDROMETER SAMPLE CUSTOMER S/N: XXXXX Report Number: Y205188 Page 1 of 5 Report No. Y205188 ICL CALIBRATION LABORATORIES, INC. ISO/IEC 17025 and ANSI/NCSL Z540-1 accredited

More information

ph Calibration Buffers

ph Calibration Buffers ph Calibration Buffers Uncompromising Quality 3 Manufacturing/ Inventory Locations Tightest Tolerances in the Industry, Lowest Lot-to-Lot Variability Ricca has been the leading name in high quality Buffers

More information

Accurate Measurement of Transmittance and Reflectance for Engineering Applications

Accurate Measurement of Transmittance and Reflectance for Engineering Applications Accurate Measurement of Transmittance and Reflectance for Engineering Applications Dr. Chen Fangzhi Laboratory Manager Façade & Roof Materials Testing Laboratory OTM Solutions Pte Ltd PerkinElmer INTour

More information

MOLEBIO LAB #4: Using a Spectrophotometer

MOLEBIO LAB #4: Using a Spectrophotometer Introduction: Spectrophotometry MOLEBIO LAB #4: Using a Spectrophotometer Many kinds of molecules interact with or absorb specific types of radiant energy in a predictable fashion. For example, when while

More information

Certificate of Accreditation

Certificate of Accreditation PERRY JOHNSON LABORATORY ACCREDITATION, INC. Certificate of Accreditation Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. has assessed the Laboratory of: (Hereinafter called the Organization) and hereby declares

More information

Chem 310 rd. 3 Homework Set Answers

Chem 310 rd. 3 Homework Set Answers -1- Chem 310 rd 3 Homework Set Answers 1. A double line labeled S 0 represents the _ground electronic_ state and the _ground vibrational_ state of a molecule in an excitation state diagram. Light absorption

More information

RamanStation 400: a Versatile Platform for SERS Analysis

RamanStation 400: a Versatile Platform for SERS Analysis FIELD APPLICATION REPORT Raman Spectroscopy Author: Dean H. Brown PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT USA RamanStation 400 RamanStation 400: a Versatile Platform for SERS Analysis Introduction Surface Enhanced

More information

NOTE: The color of the actual product may differ from the color pictured in this catalog due to printing limitation.

NOTE: The color of the actual product may differ from the color pictured in this catalog due to printing limitation. NOTE: The color of the actual product may differ from the color pictured in this catalog due to printing limitation. SCANNING UV VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER Features SCANNING UV VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER

More information

Display Calibrations and Uncertainties. Christine Wall National Physical Laboratory

Display Calibrations and Uncertainties. Christine Wall National Physical Laboratory Display Calibrations and Uncertainties Christine Wall National Physical Laboratory Overview Why measure displays? What is measurement uncertainty? Measurement traceability NPL and UKAS What is an uncertainty,

More information

Certificate of Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005

Certificate of Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 United States Department of Commerce National Institute of Standards and Technology Certificate of Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 NVLAP LAB CODE: 200508-0 Insco Metrology, Inc. Miami, FL is accredited

More information

Spa & Wellness for Pipettes

Spa & Wellness for Pipettes epservices for premium performance Spa & Wellness for Pipettes Pipette Performance Plans Treat your Pipettes Well with Premium Services from the Experts! Total approach philosophy For over 60 years Eppendorf

More information

FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION

FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION FLAME PHOTOMETRY AIM INTRODUCTION Atomic spectroscopy is based on the absorption, emission or fluorescence process of light by atoms or elementary ions. Information for atomic scale is obtained in two

More information

Chapter 4: Verification of compendial methods

Chapter 4: Verification of compendial methods Chapter 4: Verification of compendial methods Introduction In order to ensure accurate and reliable test results, the quality control laboratory (QCL) needs to use analytical methods (and accompanying

More information

SAMM POLICY 5 (SP5) POLICY ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMM TESTING LABORATORIES Issue 2, 28 February 2007 (Amd. 1, 11 August 2014)

SAMM POLICY 5 (SP5) POLICY ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMM TESTING LABORATORIES Issue 2, 28 February 2007 (Amd. 1, 11 August 2014) SKIM AKREDITASI MAKMAL MALAYSIA (SAMM) LABORATORY ACCREDITATION SCHEME OF MALAYSIA SAMM POLICY 5 (SP5) POLICY ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMM TESTING LABORATORIES Issue 2, 28 February

More information

Optical Measurement Guidelines for High-Power LEDs and Solid State Lighting Products

Optical Measurement Guidelines for High-Power LEDs and Solid State Lighting Products White Paper Optical Measurement Guidelines for High-Power LEDs and Solid State Lighting Products 1. Introduction The LED industry is growing rapidly and this naturally brings up an important need for reliable

More information

APPENDIX G ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT

APPENDIX G ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT APPENDIX G ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT Table of Contents 1. SCOPE... 2 2. REFERENCES... 2 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS... 2 4. BACKGROUND... 4 5. ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT POLICY...

More information

Measurement uncertainty and legal limits in analytical measurements

Measurement uncertainty and legal limits in analytical measurements UNCERTAINTY Measurement uncertainty and legal limits in analytical measurements MIRELLA BUZOIANU, Reference Materials Laboratory, National Institute of Metrology (INM), Bucharest, Romania 1 Introduction

More information

Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction What is FTIR? FTIR stands for Fourier transform infrared, the preferred method of infrared spectroscopy. In infrared spectroscopy, IR

More information

Construction of Absorption Filter for colorimetry and its performance characteristics

Construction of Absorption Filter for colorimetry and its performance characteristics Construction of Absorption Filter for colorimetry and its performance characteristics Author(s): Adeeyinwo C. E. and Adedeji A. L. Vol. 18, No. 2 (2007-05 - 2007-08) Biomedical Research 2007; 18 (2): 93-96

More information

1 WHAT IS SPECTROSCOPY?

1 WHAT IS SPECTROSCOPY? 1 WHAT IS SPECTROSCOPY? 1.1 The Nature Of Electromagnetic Radiation Anyone who has been sunburnt will know that light packs a punch: in scientific terms, it contains considerable amounts of energy. All

More information

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard

Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Sodium Chloride - Analytical Standard Determination of Total Mercury Former numbering: ECSS/CN 312-1982 & ESPA/CN-E-106-1994 1. SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION The present EuSalt Analytical Standard describes

More information

Multi Analyte Custom Grade Solution. Calcium, Iron, Potassium,

Multi Analyte Custom Grade Solution. Calcium, Iron, Potassium, 1.0 ACCREDITATION / REGISTRATION INORGANIC VENTURES is accredited to ISO Guide 34, "General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material Producers" and ISO/IEC 17025, "General Requirements for

More information

Spectrophotometry. Dr. Shareef SHAIK ASST. PROFESSOR Pharmacology

Spectrophotometry. Dr. Shareef SHAIK ASST. PROFESSOR Pharmacology Spectrophotometry Dr. Shareef SHAIK ASST. PROFESSOR Pharmacology Content Introduction Beer-Lambert law Instrument Applications Introduction 3 Body fluids such as blood, csf and urine contain organic and

More information

Eppendorf UVette. Instructions for use

Eppendorf UVette. Instructions for use Instructions for use Instructions Eppendorf see Fig. Tab. p. p. UVette for use Copyright 2014 Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany. All rights reserved, including graphics and images. No part of this publication

More information

Verification of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Using the Spectrum Two N FT-NIR Spectrometer

Verification of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Using the Spectrum Two N FT-NIR Spectrometer APPLICATION NOTE FT-NIR Spectroscopy Authors: Ian Robertson Jerry Sellors PerkinElmer, Inc. Seer Green, UK Verification of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials Using the Spectrum Two N FT-NIR Spectrometer Introduction

More information

1901 Application of Spectrophotometry

1901 Application of Spectrophotometry 1901 Application of Spectrophotometry Chemical Analysis Problem: 1 Application of Spectroscopy Organic Compounds Organic compounds with single bonds absorb in the UV region because electrons from single

More information

UV-Vis optical fiber assisted spectroscopy in thin films and solutions

UV-Vis optical fiber assisted spectroscopy in thin films and solutions UV-Vis optical fiber assisted spectroscopy in thin films and solutions Description UV-Visible absorption and transmission spectra provide fundamental information for all experiments related to the attenuation

More information

A61-02 CALA Guidance on Traceability Revision 1.2 October 15, 2012

A61-02 CALA Guidance on Traceability Revision 1.2 October 15, 2012 Revision 1.2 October 15, 2012 PAGE II TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS... 1 GUIDANCE...2 1.0 Introduction... 2 2.0 Uncertainty and Traceability... 2 3.0 Need for Traceability... 3 3.1 What does traceability

More information

C101-E145 TALK LETTER. Vol. 17

C101-E145 TALK LETTER. Vol. 17 C101-E145 TALK LETTER Vol. 17 UV-VIS Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Part 1 of 2) ------- 02 Applications: Spectrofluorophotometers Used in a Variety of Fields ------- 06 Q&A: Is there a way

More information

Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy *

Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy * OpenStax-CNX module: m34525 1 Basics of UV-Visible Spectroscopy * Brittany L. Oliva-Chatelain Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution

More information

Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals by USP Chapter <467> Methodology

Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals by USP Chapter <467> Methodology APPLICATION NOTE Gas Chromatography Author: David Scott PerkinElmer, Inc. Shelton, CT Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals by USP Chapter Methodology Introduction The synthesis of active pharmaceutical

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report NVLAP Lab Code 500089-0 Report Number: Model: RESTL-2013-0008 E-GL4S03C2K Date: 8/30/2013 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared

More information

Cree Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (CESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (CESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report NVLAP Lab Code 577- Report Number: Model: PL843-1A S-CT-MFB-5L-36D-3K-xx Date: 5/26/216 Cree Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (CESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared For: Tammy

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Report Number: Model: RESTL-2013-0012 E-HL6S11CSZ Date: 11/08/2013 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared For: Joshua Krohn Cree,

More information

THE MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS

THE MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS THE MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS INTRODUCTION In recent years, researchers involved in many unrelated scientific disciplines have acquired an interest in accurately

More information

Supplementary Methods: Determination of the spectral

Supplementary Methods: Determination of the spectral Supplementary Methods: Determination of the spectral responsivity of fluorescence instruments. The spectral responsivity s( em ) of a fluorescence instrument like a fluorescence spectrometer can be best

More information

High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy

High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy PHYS 3719 High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy Introduction This experiment will allow you to learn a specific optical technique with applications over a wide variety of phenomena. You will use a commercial

More information

Specific Accreditation Criteria Calibration ISO/IEC Annex. Ionising radiation measurements

Specific Accreditation Criteria Calibration ISO/IEC Annex. Ionising radiation measurements Specific Accreditation Criteria Calibration ISO/IEC 17025 Annex Ionising radiation measurements January 2018 Copyright National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia 2014 This publication is protected

More information

Optical In-line Control of Web Coating Processes with UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy. AIMCAL Europe Web Coating Conference Peter Lamparter

Optical In-line Control of Web Coating Processes with UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy. AIMCAL Europe Web Coating Conference Peter Lamparter Optical In-line Control of Web Coating Processes with UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy AIMCAL Europe Web Coating Conference 2012 13.6.2012 Peter Lamparter Optical In-line Control of Web Coating Processes with UV-VIS-NIR

More information

Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps

Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps What you should learn from this practical Science This practical illustrates some of the points from the lecture course on Elementary Quantum Mechanics and Bonding

More information

Multi Analyte Custom Grade Solution. Aluminum, Potassium, Magnesium, ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE

Multi Analyte Custom Grade Solution. Aluminum, Potassium, Magnesium, ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE ANALYTE CERTIFIED VALUE 1.0 ACCREDITATION / REGISTRATION INORGANIC VENTURES is accredited to ISO Guide 34, "General Requirements for the Competence of Reference Material Producers" and ISO/IEC 17025, "General Requirements for

More information

Document No: TR 12 Issue No: 1

Document No: TR 12 Issue No: 1 ESTIMATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT BY CALIBRATION LABORATORIES AND SPECIFICATION OF CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY ON SCHEDULES OF ACCREDITATION Prepared by: SADCAS Technical Manage Approved

More information

Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps

Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps Practical 1P4 Energy Levels and Band Gaps What you should learn from this practical Science This practical illustrates some of the points from the lecture course on Elementary Quantum Mechanics and Bonding

More information

2001 Spectrometers. Instrument Machinery. Movies from this presentation can be access at

2001 Spectrometers. Instrument Machinery. Movies from this presentation can be access at 2001 Spectrometers Instrument Machinery Movies from this presentation can be access at http://www.shsu.edu/~chm_tgc/sounds/sound.html Chp20: 1 Optical Instruments Instrument Components Components of various

More information

Method Validation. Role of Validation. Two levels. Flow of method validation. Method selection

Method Validation. Role of Validation. Two levels. Flow of method validation. Method selection Role of Validation Method Validation An overview Confirms the fitness for purpose of a particular analytical method. ISO definition: Conformation by examination and provision of objective evidence that

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Report Number: Model: PL10604-001A CPY250-B-xx-F-A-UL-xx-30K Date: 04/25/2017 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared For: Jonathan

More information

BIOLIGHT STUDIO IN ROUTINE UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY

BIOLIGHT STUDIO IN ROUTINE UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY BIOLIGHT STUDIO IN ROUTINE UV/VIS SPECTROSCOPY UV/Vis Spectroscopy is a technique that is widely used to characterize, identify and quantify chemical compounds in all fields of analytical chemistry. The

More information

Recent Developments in Standards for Measurement Uncertainty and Traceability (An Overview of ISO and US Uncertainty Activities) CMM Seminar

Recent Developments in Standards for Measurement Uncertainty and Traceability (An Overview of ISO and US Uncertainty Activities) CMM Seminar Recent Developments in Standards for Measurement Uncertainty and Traceability (An Overview of ISO and US Uncertainty Activities) Dr. Steven D. Phillips Precision Engineering Division National Institute

More information

Demonstrating Competency and Equivalency of Two Commercial SPRT Calibration Facilities

Demonstrating Competency and Equivalency of Two Commercial SPRT Calibration Facilities Demonstrating Competency and Equivalency of Two Commercial SPRT Calibration Facilities T. J. Wiandt 1,2 1 Fluke Corporation, Hart Scientific Division, American Fork, Utah United States. 2 E-mail: tom.wiandt@hartscientific.com

More information

Stray Light Rejection in Array Spectrometers

Stray Light Rejection in Array Spectrometers Stray Light Rejection in Array Spectrometers Mike Shaw, Optical Technologies & Scientific Computing Team, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK 1 Overview Basic optical design of an array

More information

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy A. Evaluation of Analytical Parameters in Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Objective The single feature that contributes most to making atomic

More information

C101-E111. Talk Letter. Vol.2 February 2009

C101-E111. Talk Letter. Vol.2 February 2009 C101-E111 UV Talk Letter Vol.2 February 2009 UV Talk Letter UV Talk Letter The Structure of a Spectrophotometer Vol.2 February 2009 1.The Measurement Principle Used by a Spectrophotometer The basic measurement

More information

Technical Note A Quantification and NIST Traceability of Micromatter Thin Film Standards for XRF Analysis. Version March 16, 2017

Technical Note A Quantification and NIST Traceability of Micromatter Thin Film Standards for XRF Analysis. Version March 16, 2017 MICROMATTER TECHNOLOGIES INC. #1-8333 130 th Street, Surrey, B.C. V3W 7X4, Canada Phone: +1.604.594.9720 or 1.866.966.2286 Fax: +1.604.594.9726 info@micromatter.com www.micromatter.com Technical Note 2015-01A

More information

INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OFFICE OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT. VERIFYING THERMOMETERS ITM No T

INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OFFICE OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT. VERIFYING THERMOMETERS ITM No T 1.0 SCOPE. INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OFFICE OF MATERIALS MANAGEMENT VERIFYING THERMOMETERS ITM No. 909-08T 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for a verification of scale accuracy of liquid-in-glass

More information

Humidity Calibration Solutions

Humidity Calibration Solutions Instruments Humidity Solutions www.michell.com Instruments Humidity Solutions The Importance of Regular The reliable operation of a hygrometer and indeed any measuring instrument, can only be verified

More information

Determination of particle size distribution Single particle light interaction methods. Part 4:

Determination of particle size distribution Single particle light interaction methods. Part 4: Provläsningsexemplar / Preview INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21501-4 Second edition 2018-05 Determination of particle size distribution Single particle light interaction methods Part 4: Light scattering airborne

More information

Evaluating the functionality of Eppendorf BioPhotometer and Eppendorf BioSpectrometer using a Secondary UV-VIS Filter Set

Evaluating the functionality of Eppendorf BioPhotometer and Eppendorf BioSpectrometer using a Secondary UV-VIS Filter Set USERGUIDE No. 10 I May 2015 Evaluating the functionality of Eppendorf BioPhotometer and Eppendorf BioSpectrometer using a Secondary UV-VIS Filter Set Martin Armbrecht-Ihle, Lars Borrmann Eppendorf AG,

More information

110 Lowell Rd Hudson, NH USA Tel:

110 Lowell Rd Hudson, NH USA Tel: 110 Lowell Rd Hudson, NH 03051 USA Tel: 603-886-8400 www.teledyneleemanlabs.com Product Descriptions and Offerings Teledyne Leeman Labs is a leading innovator of analytical instrumentation for elemental

More information

Specific Accreditation Guidance

Specific Accreditation Guidance Specific Accreditation Guidance Materials Characterisation of Metallic Items by X-Ray Fluorescence and Atomic (Arc/Spark) Emission Techniques August 2018 Copyright National Association of Testing Authorities,

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report NVLAP Lab Code 500089-0 Report Number: Model: RESTL-2013-0013 E-WP6L03CZ Date: 8/30/2013 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared For:

More information

LIBSlab ANALYZERS ANALYZERS

LIBSlab ANALYZERS ANALYZERS ANALYZERS ANALYZERS Chemical multi-elemental analysis with LIBS in modular benchtop design LIBSlab LIBSpector compact sample chamber for the LIBS analysis of solid, liquid and gaseous samples. Sample chamber

More information

PTG-NIR Powder Characterisation System (not yet released for selling to end users)

PTG-NIR Powder Characterisation System (not yet released for selling to end users) Powder Characterisation System - PTG-NIR PTG-NIR Powder Characterisation System (not yet released for selling to end users) The PTG-NIR automatic powder and granule inspection system with integrated NIR

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Report Number: Model: PL05591-001B CPY250AxxFB-UL40Kxxxx / BXCCAxA13-Ux7xxxx Date: 06/26/2015 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Prepared

More information

Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy molecular spectroscopy Introduction to Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific Introduction What is FT-IR? FT-IR stands for Fourier Transform InfraRed, the preferred method

More information

IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS

IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS IMPCA INTERNATIONAL METHANOL PRODUCERS & CONSUMERS ASSOCIATION IMPCA METHANOL REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS a.i.s.b.l. International Methanol Producers & Consumers Association i.v.z.w. Avenue de Tervueren 270

More information

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report Report Number: Model: PL06411-001A CPY250-A-xx-F-D-UL-40K-xxxx or BXCCAxA17-Ux7xxxx Date: 07/17/2015 Cree Racine Engineering Services Testing Laboratory (RESTL) Photometric Testing and Evaluation Report

More information

CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE # 503

CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE # 503 CALIBRATION CERTIFICATE # 503 Calibration date : 2011-02-23 Certificate issued : 2012-04-18 Company name Company address City, Province, Canada CLAS 2009-02 Calibration of Mass flow meter Micro Motion

More information

March 26, Title: TEMPO 21 Report. Prepared for: Sviazinvest, OJSC. Prepared by: Cree Durham Technology Center (DTC) Ticket Number: T

March 26, Title: TEMPO 21 Report. Prepared for: Sviazinvest, OJSC. Prepared by: Cree Durham Technology Center (DTC) Ticket Number: T March 26, 2012 Title: TEMPO 21 Report Prepared for: Sviazinvest, OJSC Prepared by: Cree Durham Technology Center (DTC) Ticket Number: 10806-T Co NVLAP lab code 500070-0 The accreditation of the Cree Durham

More information

A Guide to Recording Fluorescence Quantum Yields

A Guide to Recording Fluorescence Quantum Yields Oa~äëíçåd~êÇÉåëIpí~åãçêÉIjáÇÇäÉëÉñe^TN_nIrh A Guide to Recording Fluorescence Quantum Yields Introduction: When a fluorophore absorbs a photon of light, an energetically excited state is formed. The fate

More information

Certificate of Accreditation

Certificate of Accreditation PERRY JOHNSON LABORATORY ACCREDITATION, INC. Certificate of Accreditation Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. has assessed the Laboratory of: (Hereinafter called the Organization) and hereby declares

More information