Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 24
|
|
- Katrina Robertson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 24
2 Radioactivity Radioisotopes are isotopes that have an unstable nucleus. They emit radiation to attain more stable atomic configurations in a process called radioactive decay. Radioactivity is the property by which an atomic nucleus gives off alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. Marie Curie named the process. In 1898, Marie & Pierre Curie identified 2 new elements, polonium & radium. The penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source are called radiation.
3 Radioactivity (cont) The presence of too many or too few neutrons, relative to the number of protons, leads to an unstable nucleus. The types of radiation are alpha (α), beta (β), or gamma (γ). An unstable nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation during the process of radioactive decay. Spontaneous and does not require any input of energy.
4 Alpha radiation A type of radiation called alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source. These emitted particles, called alpha particles, contain 2 protons and 2 neutrons and have a double positive charge.
5 Alpha Radiation (cont) Because of their large mass and charge, alpha particles do not tend to travel very far and are not very penetrating. They are easily stopped by a piece of paper or the surface of skin. Radioisotopes that emit alpha particles are dangerous when ingested.
6 Alpha radiation occurs when an unstable nucleus emits a particle composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. The atom giving up the alpha particle has its atomic number reduced by two. Of course, this results in the atom becoming a different element. For example, Rn undergoes alpha decay to Po.
7
8 Beta Particles A beta particle is essentially an electron that s emitted from the nucleus. A neutron is converted (decayed) into a proton & electron so the atomic number increases by 1 and the electron leaves the nucleus. Isotopes with a high neutron/proton ratio often undergo beta emission, because this decay allows the # of neutrons to be decreased by one & the # of protons to be increased by one, thus lowering the neutron/proton ratio.
9
10 Beta radiation occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an electron. As the emission occurs, a neutron turns into a proton.
11 Gamma Radiation Gamma radiation is similar to x-rays high energy, short wavelength emissions (photons). The symbol is γ, the Greek letter gamma. It commonly accompanies alpha and beta emission, but it s usually not shown in a balanced nuclear reaction. Some isotopes, such as Cobalt-60, give off large amounts of gamma radiation. Co-60 is used in the radiation treatment of cancer the gamma rays focus on the tumor, thus destroying it.
12 Gamma radiation occurs when an unstable nucleus emits electromagnetic radiation. The radiation has no mass, and so its emission does not change the element. However, gamma radiation often accompanies alpha and beta emission, which do change the element's identity.
13 Half Life A half-life (t 1/2 ) is the time required for one-half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products. Half-lives may be as short as a fraction of a second or as long as billions of years. This is an example of exponential decay. If you want to find times or amounts that are not associated with a simple multiple of a halflife, you can use this equation: ln(n 0 /N) = (.6963/t 1/2 )t ln=natural log, N 0 =amnt iso start, N=amnt iso left t=time, t 1/2 =half-life
14
15
16 Half-Life Problem The half life of I-123 is 13 hr. How much of a 64 mg sample of I-123 is left after 39 hours?
17 Man-Made Radioactive Decay on Earth Fission Fusion Occurs naturally in space Powers the sun Supernovas allow atoms to fuse into heavier elements, this is how the other elements came into existence
18 Fission Nuclear fission occurs when scientists bombard a large isotope with a neutron. This collision causes the larger isotope to break apart into two or more elements. These reactions release a lot of energy. You can calculate the amount of energy produced during a nuclear reaction using an equation developed by Einstein: E=mc 2
19
20 Chain Reactions A chain reaction is a continuing cascade of nuclear fissions. This chain reaction depends on the release of more neutrons then were used during the nuclear reaction. Isotopes that produce an excess of neutrons in their fission support a chain reaction - fissionable. There are only two main fissionable isotopes used during nuclear reactions uranium-235 & plutonium-239.
21 Chain Reactions (cont) The minimum amount of fissionable material needed to ensure that a chain reaction occurs is called the critical mass. Anything less than this amount is subcritical.
22 Chain Reaction Figure
23 Atomic Bombs Because of the tremendous amount of energy released in a fission chain reaction, the military implications of nuclear reactions were immediately realized. The first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, In an atomic bomb, two pieces of a fissionable isotope are kept apart. Each piece by itself is subcritical. When it s time for the bomb to explode, conventional explosives force the two pieces together to cause a critical mass. The chain reaction is uncontrolled, releasing a tremendous amount of energy almost instantaneously.
24 Mushroom Cloud
25 Nuclear Power Plants If the neutrons can be controlled, then the energy can be released in a controlled way. Nuclear power plants produce heat through controlled nuclear fission chain reactions. The fissionable isotope is contained in fuel rods in the reactor core. All the fuel rods together comprise the critical mass. Control rods, commonly made of boron and cadmium, are in the core, and they act like neutron sponges to control the rate of radioactive decay.
26 Nuclear Power Plants (cont) In the U.S., there are approximately 100 nuclear reactors, producing a little more than 20% of the country s electricity. Advantages No fossil fuels are burned. No combustion products (CO 2, SO 2, etc) to pollute the air and water. Disadvantages Cost - expensive to build and operate. Limited supply of fissionable Uranium-235. Accidents (Three Mile Island & Chernobyl) Disposal of nuclear wastes
27 A nuclear power plant. Heat produced in the reactor core is transferred by coolant circulating in a closed loop to a steam generator, and the steam then drives a turbine to generate electricity.
28 Diagram of a nuclear power plant
29 Three Mile Island
30 Chernobyl
31 Nuclear Fusion Fusion is when lighter nuclei are fused into a heavier nucleus. Fusion powers the sun. Four isotopes of hydrogen-1 are fused into a helium-4 with the release of a tremendous amount of energy. On Earth, H-2 (deuterium) & H-3 (tritium) are used.
32
33 Nuclear Fusion (cont) The first demonstration of nuclear fusion the hydrogen bomb was conducted by the military. A hydrogen bomb is approximately 1,000 times as powerful as an ordinary atomic bomb. The goal of scientists has been the controlled release of energy from a fusion reaction. If the energy can be released slowly, it can be used to produce electricity. It will provide an unlimited supply of energy that has no wastes to deal with or contaminants to harm the atmosphere. The 3 problems are: temperature, time, containment
34
35 Nuclear Fusion (cont) Temperature Hydrogen isotopes must be heated to 40,000,000 K (hotter than the sun). Electrons are gone all that s left is positively charged plasma. Time The plasma needs to be held together for about one second at 40,000,000 K. Containment Everything is a gas ceramics vaporize. A magnetic field could be used but the plasma leaks from those as well.
36
37
UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 13: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY REVIEW: ISOTOPE NOTATION An isotope notation is written as Z A X, where X is the element, A is the mass number (sum of protons and neutrons), and Z is the atomic number. For
More informationIsotopes. An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons.
Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atom of the same element (same number of protons) that varies in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation
More informationIsotopes. An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons.
Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes An isotope is an atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that vary in the number of neutrons. Most elements have several isotopes Some are unstable and emit radiation
More informationChapter 25. Nuclear Chemistry. Types of Radiation
Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Reactions 1. Bonds are broken and formed 2. Atoms may rearrange, but remain unchanged 3. Involve only valence electrons 4. Small energy changes 5. Reaction rate is
More informationNuclear Chemistry Unit
Nuclear Chemistry Unit January 28th HW Due Thurs. 1/30 Read pages 284 291 Define: Radioactivity Nuclear Radiation Alpha Particle Beta Particle Gamma Ray Half-Life Answer: -Questions 1-3 -Write the symbols
More information2 Energy from the Nucleus
CHAPTER 4 2 Energy from the Nucleus SECTION Atomic Energy BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is nuclear fission? What is nuclear fusion? What
More informationNuclear Energy. Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity
Nuclear Energy Nuclear Structure and Radioactivity I. Review - Periodic Table A. Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom B. Atomic Mass: The sum of the mass of protons, neutrons
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Transmutations and the Creation of Elements
Nuclear Chemistry Transmutations and the Creation of Elements Nuclear Fusion When two smaller elements are fused together to form a larger element. Fusion is Hard! There are two competing forces in an
More informationRadioactivity One of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles came from the work of Marie Curie
1 Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity 2 One of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles came from the work of Marie Curie (1876-1934). She discovered radioactivity or radioactive
More informationChapter 21
Chapter 21 http://youtu.be/kwasz59f8ga Nuclear reactions involve the nucleus The nucleus opens, and protons and neutrons are rearranged. The opening of the nucleus releases a tremendous amount of energy
More informationChapter 7 Review. Block: Date:
Science 10 Chapter 7 Review Name: KEY Block: Date: 1. Radioactivity is the release of high-energy particles and rays from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of its atoms.. _Natural background
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY teacher version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More informationUNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
UNIT 10 RADIOACTIVITY AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY student version www.toppr.com Contents (a) Types of Radiation (b) Properties of Radiation (c) Dangers of Radiation (d) Rates of radioactive decay (e) Nuclear
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Name: Period: Date: 1) = a general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all directions
Nuclear Chemistry Name: Period: Date: Part I: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 1) = a general term for any type of energy that emanates or radiates outward in all directions 2) (ER) = radiation moving at the
More informationChapter 3. Radioactivity. Table of Contents
Radioactivity Table of Contents Introduction 1. Radioactivity 2. Types of Radioactive Decays 3. Natural Radioactivity 4. Artificial Radioactivity 5. The Rate of Radioactive Decay 6. The Effects of Radiation
More informationRadioactivity. L 38 Modern Physics [4] Hazards of radiation. Nuclear Reactions and E = mc 2 Einstein: a little mass goes a long way
L 38 Modern Physics [4] Nuclear physics what s inside the nucleus and what holds it together what is radioactivity, halflife carbon dating Nuclear energy nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear reactors
More informationIsotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons
Isotopes Atoms of an element (same # p+) that differ in their number of neutrons Radio-isotopes Isotope of an element that is UNSTABLE. They spontaneously emit particles (energy) in order to achieve a
More informationUnit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes
St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 3: Chemistry in Society Nuclear Chemistry Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing this topic you should be able to :
More information: When electrons bombarded surface of certain materials, invisible rays were emitted
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions 1. Occur when nuclei emit particles and/or rays. 2. Atoms are often converted into atoms of another element. 3. May involve protons, neutrons, and electrons 4. Associated
More informationFriday, 05/06/16 6) HW QUIZ MONDAY Learning Target (NEW)
Friday, 05/06/16 1) Warm-up: If you start with 100g of a radioactive substance, how much will be left after 3 half-lives? 2) Review HW & Nuclear Notes 3) Complete Modeling Energy Investigation 4) Complete:
More information25.1. Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Radiation Marie Curie was a Polish scientist whose research led to many discoveries about radiation and radioactive elements. In 1934 she died from leukemia caused by her long-term exposure to
More informationChapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry The Nucleus Remember that the nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, protons and neutrons. The number of protons is the atomic number. The number of protons and neutrons
More informationAlta Chemistry CHAPTER 25. Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications
CHAPTER 25 Nuclear Chemistry: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry deals with changes in the nucleus The nucleus of an atom contains Protons Positively Charged
More informationNuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions
Slide 1 / 33 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions The Nucleus Slide 2 / 33 Proton: The charge on a proton is +1.6x10-19 C. The mass of a proton is 1.6726x10-27 kg. Neutron: The neutron is neutral. The
More informationA. Identify the highly penetrating radioactive emission that exposed the photographic plates.
Name Unit 3: Nuclear Chemistry Date Part 2 Questions 1. In 1896, Antoine H. Becquerel discovered that a uranium compound could expose a photographic plate wrapped in heavy paper in the absence of light.
More informationCh Radioactivity. Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896.
Ch. 10 - Radioactivity Henry Becquerel, using U-238, discovered the radioactive nature of elements in 1896. Radioactivity the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
More informationThere are no stable isotopes of elements above atomic number 83.
Nuclear Chemistry Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation. All
More informationUnit 12: Nuclear Chemistry
Unit 12: Nuclear Chemistry 1. Stability of isotopes is based on the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are unstable and spontaneously decay, emitting radiation.
More informationName Date Class. alpha particle radioactivity gamma ray radioisotope beta particles radiation X-ray radioactive decay
Name Date _ Class _ Nuclear Chemistry Section.1 Nuclear Radiation In your textbook, read about the terms used to describe nuclear changes. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.
More informationChapter 10 Section 4 Notes
Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The
More informationNUCLEI. Atomic mass unit
13 NUCLEI Atomic mass unit It is a unit used to express the mass of atoms and particles inside it. One atomic mass unit is the mass of atom. 1u = 1.660539 10. Chadwick discovered neutron. The sum of number
More informationNotes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry
Name: Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Notes: Unit 14 Nuclear Chemistry www.mrpalermo.com Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most
More informationc) O-16 d) Pu An unstable nucleus emits. a) Atoms b) Electricity c) Plasma d) Radiation 3. Many of uranium are radioactive. a) Ions b) Isomers
Physical Science Domain 1 Nuclear Decay Review 1. Which nucleus would be MOST likely to be radioactive? a) C-12 b) Ca-40 c) O-16 d) Pu-241 2. An unstable nucleus emits. a) Atoms b) Electricity 3. Many
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum. 7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay. Isotopes. 19K, 19K, 19K Representing Isotopes
7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay Natural background radiation exists all around us. Radioactivity is the release of high energy particles or waves When atoms lose high energy particles and waves,
More informationnuclear chemical change CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O carbon dating
Nuclear Chemistry I. What is nuclear chemistry? a. Nuclear changes vs. chemical changes i. A nuclear change is a change in which the nucleons (things in the nucleus) change. For instance, if the number
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Technology Strategies for Success PO Box 1485 East Northport, NY (631) NYS-PREP
Nuclear Chemistry Technology Strategies for Success PO Box 1485 East Northport, NY 11725 (631)734-0115 1-888-NYS-PREP techstrategies@gmail.com Nuclear Chemistry Table of Contents 1.0 Nuclear Chemistry...3
More informationNuclear forces and Radioactivity. Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom
Nuclear forces and Radioactivity Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom Forces act in opposing directions Electrostatic repulsion: pushes protons apart Strong nuclear force: pulls protons
More informationUnit 1 Atomic Structure
Unit 1 Atomic Structure Defining the Atom I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the same element are chemically alike 3. Individual
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationNuclear Chemistry Review Packet
Name Date Nuclear Chemistry Review Packet 1. The ratio of stability is (1) proton : neutron (2) neutron : proton (3) proton : positron (4) beta : proton 2. Which nuclear reaction is classified as alpha
More informationNotes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry
Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 13 Nuclear Chemistry Name: KEY IDEAS: Stability of isotopes is based in the ratio of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. Although most nuclei are stable, some are
More informationRadioactivity & Nuclear. Chemistry. Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School. Chemistry
Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School Chemistry The Discovery of Radioactivity Antoine-Henri Becquerel designed an experiment to determine if phosphorescent minerals also
More informationThe Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay. Major Constituents of an Atom 4/28/2016. Student Learning Outcomes. Analyze radioactive decay and its results
The Atomic Nucleus & Radioactive Decay ( Chapter 10) Student Learning Outcomes Analyze radioactive decay and its results Differentiate between nuclear fission and fusion Major Constituents of an Atom U=unified
More informationAtomic Structure. INSIDE the Nucleus: OUTSIDE the Nucleus:
Nuclear Chemistry 1 Atomic Structure INSIDE the Nucleus: Protons (+) Neutrons (no charge) 99.9% of the mass of the atom (Rutherford central dense nucleus) OUTSIDE the Nucleus: Electrons (-) Little mass
More informationChapter 10. Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity?
Chapter 10 Section 10.1 What is Radioactivity? What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? How does radiation affect the nucleus of an unstable isotope? How do scientists predict when an
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion Fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationUnit 1 Atomic Structure
Unit 1 Atomic Structure 3-1 The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory I. Atomic Theory A. Modern Atomic Theory 1. All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms 2. Atoms of the
More informationName Date Class NUCLEAR RADIATION. alpha particle beta particle gamma ray
25.1 NUCLEAR RADIATION Section Review Objectives Explain how an unstable nucleus releases energy Describe the three main types of nuclear radiation Vocabulary radioisotopes radioactivity radiation alpha
More informationAtoms and Nuclear Chemistry. Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity
Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry Atoms Isotopes Calculating Average Atomic Mass Radioactivity Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has all of the properties of that element. Composition
More informationChapter 12: Nuclear Reaction
Chapter 12: Nuclear Reaction A nuclear reaction occurs when a nucleus is unstable or is being bombarded by a nuclear particle. The product of a nuclear reaction is a new nuclide with an emission of a nuclear
More informationCHAPTER 19 THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS NUCLEAR STRUCTURE The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. A protonis a positively charged particle having mass 1.6726 x 10(-27) kg and charge 1.6 x 10(-19) coulomb.
More information10.4 Fission and Fusion
This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The alchemists failed in their
More informationNuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy.
Nuclear Reactions & Energy Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Fission = the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei, subatomic particles
More informationUnit 1 Test A Atomic Theory & Nuclear Decay 1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? a. same number of protons
1. Which of these BEST describes any two atoms of the same element? same number of protons same number of chemical bonds same number of neutrons same number of particles in the nucleus Self Assessment
More informationTable O: Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry
Packet 12: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY STABLITY OF NUCLEI Most nuclei are stable and don t change. They are found within the belt of stability. Some nuclei are unstable and break down spontaneously giving off rays
More informationChapter 18 Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 8 Nuclear Chemistry 8. Discovery of radioactivity 895 Roentgen discovery of radioactivity X-ray X-ray could penetrate other bodies and affect photographic plates led to the development of X-ray
More informationCh05. Radiation. Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6
Ch05 Radiation Energy and matter that comes from the nucleus of an atom. version 1.6 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2016 Ch05 Radiation The Discovery of Radioactivity Phosphorescence Radioactive history Antoine
More information11.5 Nuclear Reactions: Fusion
11.5 Nuclear Reactions: Fusion Nuclear fusion reactions occur in the Sun and supply the energy needed to sustain life on Earth (Figure 1). Nuclear fusion is the fusing or joining of two small nuclei to
More informationand have low penetrating power) Alpha particles are released through alpha decay. Beta Particles: An electron that comes from a nucleus through
TOPIC 13: Nuclear Chemistry 1. When the atomic nucleus of one element is changed into the nucleus of a different element, the reaction is called transmutation. Stability of a Nucleus: Any element containing
More informationAim: What are the two types of Nuclear. Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework.
Aim: What are the two types of Nuclear Reactions? Do Now: 1. Get into your groups and compare your answers to your homework. Nuclear Energy In nuclear reaction, mass is converted into energy; there is
More informationPhysics 30 Modern Physics Unit: Fission and Fusion
Physics 30 Modern Physics Unit: Fission and Fusion Nuclear Energy For years and years scientists struggled to describe where energy came from. They could see the uses of energy and the results of energy
More informationNUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION)
NUCLEAR ENERGY! DAY 1: (RADIATION, FISSION, FUSION) Nucleus Stability Stability of the nucleus depends on the nuclear forces that act between protons and neutrons Protons repel each other Protons attract
More informationScience 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11)
http://www.atomicarchive.com/movies/index.shtml Science 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11) Nuclear Reactions: an atom s nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy.
More informationNuclear Chemistry. Mass Defect. E=mc 2. Radioactivity. Types of Radiation. Other Nuclear Particles. Nuclear Reactions vs. Normal Chemical Changes
1 Nuclear Chemistry Mass Defect 4 Some of the mass can be converted into energy Shown by a very famous equation! E=mc 2 Energy Mass Speed of light Radioactivity 2 Types of Radiation 5 One of the pieces
More informationNuclear Physics. Slide 1 / 87. Slide 2 / 87. Slide 3 / 87. Table of Contents.
Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87 Nuclear Physics www.njctl.org Table of Contents Slide 3 / 87 Click on the topic to go to that section Nuclear Structure Binding Energy and Mass Defect Radioactivity Nuclear Half-life
More informationNuclear Physics
Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87 Nuclear Physics www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 87 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Nuclear Structure Binding Energy and Mass Defect Radioactivity Nuclear Half-life
More informationChapter 21. Preview. Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Mass Defect and Nuclear Stability Nucleons and Nuclear Stability Nuclear Reactions Section 1 The Nucleus Lesson Starter Nuclear reactions result in much larger energy
More informationL 36 Atomic and Nuclear Physics-4. Radioactivity. Nuclear reactions: E = mc 2. Hazards of radiation. Biological effects of nuclear radiation
L 36 Atomic and Nuclear Physics- Nuclear physics what s inside the nucleus and what holds it together what is radioactivity, half-life carbon dating Nuclear energy nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear
More informationNonrenewable Energy: Nuclear. Energy Part 2
Nonrenewable Energy: Nuclear Energy Part 2 What do you know about Nuclear Chemistry? http://ed.ted.com/lessons/radioactivity-expect-the-unexpected-steveweatherall I. Radiation Radiation = any movement
More informationChapter 22 - Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter - Nuclear Chemistry - The Nucleus I. Introduction A. Nucleons. Neutrons and protons B. Nuclides. Atoms identified by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus 8 a. radium-8 or 88 Ra II.
More informationNuclear Energy ECEG-4405
Nuclear Energy ECEG-4405 Today s Discussion Technical History and Developments Atom Nuclear Energy concepts and Terms Features Fission Critical Mass Uranium Fission Nuclear Fusion and Fission Fusion Fission
More informationAtomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes
Atomic Structure & Nuclear Chemistry Unit 3 Notes Academic Chemistry Name 52 24 Cr Mass Number Symbol Atomic Number Unit #3 Test Date You can never learn less, you can only learn more. R. Buckminster Fuller
More informationCh 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON
Ch 17 Radioactivity & Nuc. Chemistry Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name No-Calculators Allowed /65 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
More information2. Electrons: e - charge = negative -1 mass ~ 0
Notes Ch. and 5: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry History and Structure the Nuclear Atom The Atom smallest particle an element that retains all properties the element I. Early Models the Atom A.
More informationJournal 14. What is so dangerous about nuclear energy?
Journal 14 What is so dangerous about nuclear energy? Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Bravo 15,000 kilotons Discovery of Radiation Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen had discovered X rays Pierre & Marie Curie
More informationNuclear Physics. AP Physics B
Nuclear Physics AP Physics B Nuclear Physics - Radioactivity Before we begin to discuss the specifics of radioactive decay we need to be certain you understand the proper NOTATION that is used. To the
More informationNotes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry
Notes: Part 1 - Nuclear Chemistry NUCLEAR REACTIONS: NUCLEAR FISSION: NUCLEAR FUSION: NUCLIDES: -most nuclides have even # of protons and neutrons the neutron-to-proton ratio determines the stability of
More informationNuclear Chemistry. The Nucleus. Isotopes. Slide 1 / 43. Slide 2 / 43. Slide 3 / 43
Slide 1 / 43 Nuclear Chemistry The Nucleus Slide 2 / 43 Remember that the nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, protons and neutrons. The number of protons is the atomic number. The number of protons
More informationScience 10 Radioactivity Review v3
Class: Date: Science 10 Radioactivity Review v3 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. An atom
More informationInteraction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e -
Interaction of the radiation with a molecule knocks an electron from the molecule. radiation a. Molecule ¾ ¾ ¾ ion + e - This can destroy the delicate balance of chemical reactions in living cells. The
More informationNuclear Physics. Slide 1 / 87. Slide 2 / 87. Slide 3 / 87. Table of Contents.
Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87 Nuclear Physics www.njctl.org Table of Contents Slide 3 / 87 Click on the topic to go to that section Nuclear Structure Binding Energy and Mass Defect Radioactivity Nuclear Half-life
More informationNuclear Physics. Nuclear Structure. Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87. Slide 4 / 87. Slide 3 / 87. Slide 6 / 87. Slide 5 / 87. Table of Contents.
Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87 Nuclear Physics www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 87 Slide 4 / 87 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Nuclear Structure Binding Energy and Mass Defect Radioactivity
More informationNuclear Physics
Slide 1 / 87 Slide 2 / 87 Nuclear Physics www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 87 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section Nuclear Structure Binding Energy and Mass Defect Radioactivity Nuclear Half-life
More informationStudents will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity.
Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. A. Differentiate among alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. B. Differentiate between fission and fusion. C. Explain the process
More informationChemistry: The Central Science. Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry A nuclear reaction involves changes in the nucleus of an atom Nuclear chemistry the study of nuclear reactions, with an emphasis in their uses
More informationturbine (a) (i) Which part of the power station provides thermal (heat) energy from a chain reaction?
Nuclear fission and radiation 1 The diagram shows parts of a nuclear power station. control rods boiler steam generator electricity out turbine condenser nuclear reactor (a) (i) Which part of the power
More informationFiesta Ware. Nuclear Chemistry. 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Fiesta Ware 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Measuring Radioactivity One can use a device like this Geiger counter to measure the amount of activity present in a radioactive sample. The ionizing radiation creates
More informationRadioactive Decay What is Radioactivity? http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3033 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/3035 http://explorecuriocity.org/explore/articleid/2160 Quick Review
More informationL 37 Modern Physics [3] The atom and the nucleus. Structure of the nucleus. Terminology of nuclear physics SYMBOL FOR A NUCLEUS FOR A CHEMICAL X
L 37 Modern Physics [3] [L37] Nuclear physics what s inside the nucleus and what holds it together what is radioactivity carbon dating [L38] Nuclear energy nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear reactors
More informationRADIOACTIVITY. An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons.
RADIOACTIVITY An atom consists of protons, neutrons and electrons. - Protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus - Electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific orbits ATOMIC NUMBER: - Total number
More informationHomework 06. Nuclear
HW06 - Nuclear Started: Mar 22 at 11:05am Quiz Instruc!ons Homework 06 Nuclear Question 1 How does a nuclear reaction differ from a chemical reaction? In a nuclear reaction, the elements change identities
More informationL 36 Modern Physics :006 FINAL EXAM. Nuclear reactions: E = mc 2. Radioactivity. Hazards of radiation. Biological effects of nuclear radiation
9:006 FINAL EXAM The final exam is on Monday MAY 7:30 AM - 9:30 AM in W90 CB The FE is not cumulative, and will cover lectures 3 through 36. (50 questions) The last regular lecture (Lec. 36) will be given
More informationMatter and Energy. Previous studies have taught us that matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed We balance equations to obey this law.
Fission & Fusion Matter and Energy Previous studies have taught us that matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed We balance equations to obey this law. 2 H 2 O 2 H 2 + O 2 We now need to understand
More informationWELCOME TO PERIOD 18: CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
WELCOME TO PERIOD 18: CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Homework #17 is due today. Midterm 2: Weds, Mar 27, 7:45 8:55 pm (Same room as your midterm 1 exam.) Covers periods 10 19 and videos 3 & 4 Review: Tues,
More informationNuclear power plants can generate large amounts of electricity.
7.3 Nuclear Reactions Nuclear fission and fusion are processes that involve extremely large amounts of energy. Fission = the splitting of nuclei Fusion = the joining of nuclei Nuclear power plants can
More informationNuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity Structure and Properties of the Nucleus Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons Proton has positive charge: Neutron is electrically neutral: Neutrons and protons are collectively
More informationNuclear Fission. Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Fission. This lecture will help you understand:
Conceptual Physics 11 th Edition A typical uranium fission reaction: Chapter 34: NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION Note the mass number as well as atomic numbers balance. This lecture will help you understand:
More informationda u g ht er + radiation
RADIOACTIVITY The discovery of radioactivity can be attributed to several scientists. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895 and shortly after that Henri Becquerel observed radioactive behavior while
More informationL 36 Modern Physics [3] The atom and the nucleus. Structure of the nucleus. The structure of the nucleus SYMBOL FOR A NUCLEUS FOR A CHEMICAL X
L 36 Modern Physics [3] [L36] Nuclear physics what s inside the nucleus and what holds it together what is radioactivity carbon dating [L37] Nuclear energy nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear reactors
More informationWhat does rate of reaction mean?
1 of 39 What does rate of reaction mean? 2 of 39 The speed of different chemical reactions varies hugely. Some reactions are very fast and others are very slow. The speed of a reaction is called the rate
More information