Metallic Bonds MOLECULES AND REACTIONS. Metallic Properties. Metallic Alloys. Mobility of electrons results in many properties of metals.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Metallic Bonds MOLECULES AND REACTIONS. Metallic Properties. Metallic Alloys. Mobility of electrons results in many properties of metals."

Transcription

1 Metallic Bonds MOLECULES AND REACTIONS Nucleus of metal atoms only weakly hold outer Weak attraction allows the to move from one atom to another quite freely Chapter 15, 17 Metallic Properties Mobility of results in many properties of metals Conductive move freely Shiny vibrate and reflect light Malleable can move with respect to one another without breaking because in constant motion Alloys shared between unlike types of metal atoms Metallic Alloys An alloy is a mixture of metallic elements. Metal Ores Few metals naturally occur as elements Gold, copper, mercury Most occur as oxides and sulfides Ionic compounds Concentrations of these are ORE Covalent Bonds Atoms are held together by their mutual attraction for shared There are two within a single covalent bond 1

2 Covalent Bond Diagrams The covalent bond is represented using a straight line Covalent Water The number of covalent bonds an atom can form equals its number of unpaired valence F F F F Covalent Ammonia Covalent Methane The number of covalent bonds an atom can form equals its number of unpaired valence The number of covalent bonds an atom can form equals its number of unpaired valence Multiple covalent bonds are possible if atom has more than one unpaired valence electron Groups of atoms forming ions Molecular ions Bonds within group are covalent 2

3 Polar Covalent Bonds Shared unevenly when the bonded atoms are different elements Polar covalent bonds Closer together on the periodic table, less polar bond Further apart on the periodic table, more polar bond Molecules are called dipoles Ionic bonds are extremely polar but not covalent Molecular Polarity Molecular Attractions Electrical attractions between molecules that does not result in bonding Ions Polar molecules l Non polar molecules Water and salt Ions of NaCl dipole of water Ion dipole attraction Water and water Dipole dipole Dipoles of water attraction one another 3

4 Chemical Equations Balancing Chemical Equations C+O 2 CO 2 C (s) +O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) Reactants on lf left, products on right ih Each are balanced because same number of atoms of reactants as products Some equations show the phase of the substances also: solid, liquid, gas Molecules of reactants and products shown Cannot change the molecule Can change how many of them Cannot add or delete dl reactants or products Balanced equal number of same atoms on each side Water balancing Balancing Tips Never change the molecular formula of reactants or products Count atoms in reactant and products Always add whole molecules, not parts Start by balancing atoms in compounds Save element reactants or products for last to make up any imbalance Rusting of Iron Fe + O 2 Fe 2 O 3 start with oxygen Fe + 3 O 2 2 Fe 2 O 3 next do iron 4 Fe + 3 O 2 2 Fe 2 O 3 not balanced Combustion of propane C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O fix hydrogen first it s in two compounds C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO H 2 O d b d t need more carbon product C 3 H 8 + O 2 3 CO H 2 O Do oxygen last, because it is single C 3 H O 2 3 CO H 2 O 4

5 Volume Relationships Avogadro s hypothesis Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules Gases react in small whole number quantities Avogadro s hypothesis: chemicals react in consistent, small whole number ratios Combustion of propane C 3 H O 2 3 CO H 2 O What volume of oxygen is needed to burn 0.5 L of propane? Ratio of Oxygen molecules to propane molecules is 5:1 0.5 L x 5 L O 2 = 2.5 L Oxygen 1 L Propane Atomic Weight vs. Molecular Mass Atomic weight on periodic table is average of natural abundance of isotopes Mass number is the number of nucleons in a particular atom specified by isotope Molecular mass is the Atomic mass of one molecule Gram mass of one mole of molecules x10 23 molecules Calculate Molecular Mass O atomic weight (round to 16 for this class) O 16 atomic mass 16 u Molecular oxygen O 2 atomic mass 32 u Molecular O 2 molecular mass 32 g/mole CO 2 molecular mass C=12 g/mole, O 2 =32 g/mole CO 2 =12+32=44 g/mole Grams calculated from Moles Can find the molar mass of substance g Na=23 mole 0.25 mole of Na Multiply pymolar mass times moles g 23 x moles = 5.75 g mole 5

Chemical Reactions. Chapter 17

Chemical Reactions. Chapter 17 Chemical Reactions Chapter 17 Chemical Equations C+O 2 CO 2 C (s) +O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) Reactants on left, products on right Each are balanced because same number of atoms of reactants as products Some equations

More information

Atomic Bonding and Molecules. Chapter 15

Atomic Bonding and Molecules. Chapter 15 Atomic Bonding and Molecules Chapter 15 Bonding of atoms makes molecules The Formation of Ions and Ionic Bonds Types of bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Molecular Polarity and Molecular

More information

Bonding of atoms makes molecules

Bonding of atoms makes molecules Atomic Bonding and Molecules Chapter 15 Bonding of atoms makes molecules The Formation of Ions and Ionic Bonds Types of bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bonds Molecular Polarity and Molecular

More information

Chemistry. Chapter 17

Chemistry. Chapter 17 Chemistry Chapter 17 Chemical Equations C+O 2 CO 2 C (s) +O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) Reactants on left, products on right Each are balanced because same number of atoms of reactants as products Balancing Chemical

More information

Chemistry Review. Chapter 18 Review Questions Will be EXTRA CREDIT

Chemistry Review. Chapter 18 Review Questions Will be EXTRA CREDIT Chemistry Review Chapter 18 Review Questions Will be EXTRA CREDIT Two Types of Reactions Acid-Base reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions Acid-Base Reactions Transfer of hydrogen ions protons Makes water

More information

Chemical Equations. Balancing Tips

Chemical Equations. Balancing Tips Chemical Reactions Chapter 17 Chemical Equations C+O CO C (s) +O () CO () Reactants on left, products on riht Each are balanced because same number of atoms of reactants as products Some equations show

More information

Two Types of Reactions. Chemistry Review. Hydronium Ion. Acid-Base Reactions. Acid-Base reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions

Two Types of Reactions. Chemistry Review. Hydronium Ion. Acid-Base Reactions. Acid-Base reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions Two Types of Reactions Chemistry Review Acid-Base reactions Oxidation-Reduction reactions Chapter 18 Review Questions Will be EXTRA CREDIT Acid-Base Reactions Hydronium Ion Transfer of hydrogen ions protons

More information

Reactions continued. And chemical review!!

Reactions continued. And chemical review!! Reactions continued And chemical review!! Steps to find grams in chemical reaction Balance the equation to get molar ratios Find molar mass of the substances in question Find moles of the one given in

More information

Proportions to find moles Correctly organized Example. Problem

Proportions to find moles Correctly organized Example. Problem Reactions continued And chemical review!! Steps to find grams in chemical Balance the equation to get molar ratios Find molar mass of the substances in question Find moles of the one given in grams Set

More information

Molar Mass. The total of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule:

Molar Mass. The total of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule: Molar Mass The total of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule: Ex: H 2 O H (1.0079) x 2 atoms = 2.0158 grams O (15.999) x 1 atom = 15.999 grams 18.0148 grams (18.0 grams) Ex: Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Cu

More information

Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Special Note on Valence Electrons

Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Electron Shells. Special Note on Valence Electrons Electron Shells ewitt/lyons/suchocki/yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Atoms bond together through their electrons. To learn about bonding, therefore, we need to know something about how the electrons

More information

Chapter 8 notes. 8.1 Matter. 8.1 objectives. Earth Chemistry

Chapter 8 notes. 8.1 Matter. 8.1 objectives. Earth Chemistry Chapter 8 notes Earth Chemistry 8.1 Matter 8.1 objectives Compare chemical properties and physical properties of matter. Describe the basic structure of an atom. Compare atomic number, mass number, and

More information

Ch(3)Matter & Change. John Dalton

Ch(3)Matter & Change. John Dalton Ch(3)Matter & Change John Dalton What is Matter? Matter is anything that contains mass & volume (takes up space) Energy, such as light, heat, and sound, is NOT matter. The Particle Theory of Matter 1.

More information

Counting by mass: The Mole. Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions. Calculating molar mass. Particles. moles and mass. moles and particles

Counting by mass: The Mole. Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions. Calculating molar mass. Particles. moles and mass. moles and particles Unit 8: Quantification of Chemical Reactions Chapter 10: The mole Chapter 12: Stoichiometry Counting by mass: The Mole Chemists can t count individual atoms Use moles to determine amounts instead mole

More information

Chapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Chapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions In this chapter, Chemical structure and formulas in studying the mass relationships of atoms and molecules. To explain the composition of compounds and

More information

A. MOLECULE: B. CHEMICAL BOND:

A. MOLECULE: B. CHEMICAL BOND: What is a molecule? A. MOLECULE: a group of atoms bonded together 1. Molecules can be made of one kind of atom or many different kinds of atoms. Oxygen we breathe is an example of one kind of atom in a

More information

Finding Formulas. using mass information about a compound to find its formula

Finding Formulas. using mass information about a compound to find its formula Finding Formulas using mass information about a compound to find its formula Molecular Formula Molecular formula is the actual formula of compounds which form molecules. For example, the molecular formula

More information

Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall names used for these inter-conversions

Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall names used for these inter-conversions Understand the arrangements, movements and energy of the particle in each of the 3 states of matter : solid, liquid and gas Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and

More information

Name: Score: /100. Part I. Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer for each problem. 3 points each

Name: Score: /100. Part I. Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer for each problem. 3 points each Name: Score: /100 Part I. Multiple choice. Write the letter of the correct answer for each problem. 3 points each 1. Which of the following contains the greatest number of moles of O? A) 2.3 mol H 2 O

More information

Science. Reactions and compounds. Chemical reactions

Science. Reactions and compounds. Chemical reactions Science Chemical reactions When elements react, their atoms join with other atoms to form compounds [compound: A compound is a substance formed by the chemical union (involving bond formation) of two or

More information

The Mole Concept. It is easily converted to grams, no of particles or in the case of gas volume.

The Mole Concept. It is easily converted to grams, no of particles or in the case of gas volume. The Mole Concept The mole is a convenient unit A mole is the number of atoms present in exactly 12 g of the isotope carbon-12. In 12 g of carbon-12 there are 6.022 x 10 23 carbon atoms It is easily converted

More information

9.1.1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY

9.1.1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY 9.1.1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Work directly from Zumdahl (Chapter 3). Work through exercises as required, then summarise the essentials of the section when complete. A chemical equation is

More information

Chemistry 101 Chapter 8 Chemical Composition

Chemistry 101 Chapter 8 Chemical Composition Chemistry 101 Chapter 8 Chemical Composition Atomic mass unit (amu): a unit of the scale relative masses of atoms (1 amu = 1.66 10-24 g). Atomic weight (Atomic mass): the atomic weight of an element given

More information

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE ATOMS All living things are made up of matter Atoms are the smallest unit of matter Made up of 3 subatomic particles: 1. Protons- positively charged, found in the nucleus, has mass

More information

Unit 3 Lesson 4 Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3 Lesson 4 Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Opposites Attract What is an ion? An atom has a neutral charge because it has an equal number of electrons and protons. An ion is a particle with a positive or negative charge. An ion forms when an atom

More information

Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations

Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Effects of chemical reactions: Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in the reactants to form new products. The identities and properties of the products are completely

More information

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonds

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonds Chapter 6: Chemical Bonds Section 6.1: Ionic Bonding I. Stable Electron Configurations Group # II. III. Ionic Bonds Group # A. Transfer of Electrons Group # B. Formation of Ions Group # C. Formation of

More information

L = 6.02 x mol Determine the number of particles and the amount of substance (in moles)

L = 6.02 x mol Determine the number of particles and the amount of substance (in moles) 1.1 The Mole 1.1.1 - Apply the mole concept to substances A mole is the name given to a certain quantity. It represents 6.02 x 10 23 particles. This number is also known as Avogadro's constant, symbolised

More information

Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond

Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Section 8.1 The Covalent Bond Apply the octet rule to atoms that form covalent bonds. Describe the formation of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. Contrast sigma and pi bonds. Relate the strength

More information

National 5 Chemistry

National 5 Chemistry St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes & Structure Section 3: Bonding & Properties of Substances Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing

More information

Atoms Section 2 Section 2: The Structure of Atoms

Atoms Section 2 Section 2: The Structure of Atoms Section 2: The Structure of Atoms Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is in an Atom? Atomic Number and Mass Number Isotopes Atomic Masses Math Skills Key Ideas What is the difference between protons, neutrons,

More information

All elements what to be STABLE (full or empty like the noble gases of group 18.) All except H and He want 8 valence electrons (Stable Octet!

All elements what to be STABLE (full or empty like the noble gases of group 18.) All except H and He want 8 valence electrons (Stable Octet! SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS Chemical Bonds Remember from last chapter the number of VALENCE ELECTRONS (electrons in the outermost energy level) and OXIDATION NUMBER (ion each element becomes to get full or empty)

More information

Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances.

Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Moles the SI base unit that describes the amount of particles in a substance. Mole is abbreviated

More information

M7 Question 1 Higher

M7 Question 1 Higher M7 Question 1 Higher Explain why carbon dioxide is a compound by oxygen is an element Carbon dioxide contains two elements carbon and oxygen. Oxygen contains only one type of atom. M7 Question 2 Higher

More information

Atoms with a complete outer shell do not react with other atoms. The outer shell is called the valence shell. Its electrons are valence electrons.

Atoms with a complete outer shell do not react with other atoms. The outer shell is called the valence shell. Its electrons are valence electrons. Bonding and the Outer Shell Use this table for reference: http://www.dreamwv.com/primer/page/s_pertab.html Atoms with incomplete shells react with others in a way that allows it to complete the outer shell.

More information

General Chemistry. Chapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy 10/12/2017

General Chemistry. Chapter 3. Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy 10/12/2017 General Chemistry CHEM 101 (3+1+0) Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy Chapter 3 Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions 1 In this chapter, Chemical structure and formulas in studying

More information

Review Chemistry Paper 1

Review Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Topic Define an atom and element. Use scientific conventions to identify chemical symbols Identify elements by chemical symbols Define compound Use chemical formulae to show different

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State

More information

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED 8.5D recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas

More information

Chemical Reactions. Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions. (ionic equations and solubility rules)

Chemical Reactions. Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions. (ionic equations and solubility rules) Chemical Reactions Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions (ionic equations and solubility rules) Writing Equations REACTANTS PRODUCTS gold (III) sulfide is

More information

DATE: NAME: CLASS: BLM 1-9 ASSESSMENT. 2. A material safety data sheet must show the date on which it was prepared.

DATE: NAME: CLASS: BLM 1-9 ASSESSMENT. 2. A material safety data sheet must show the date on which it was prepared. Chapter 1 Test Goal Demonstrate your understanding of the information presented in Chapter 1. What to Do Carefully read the instructions before answering each set of questions. True/False On the line provided,

More information

Sample. Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS MCAS 2007 HS Chemistry. - signup at to remove - Student name:

Sample. Test Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS MCAS 2007 HS Chemistry. - signup at   to remove - Student name: Test Booklet Subject: SC, Grade: HS Student name: Author: Massachusetts District: Massachusetts Released Tests Printed: Thursday February 14, 2013 1 Which of the following Lewis dot structures represents

More information

TOPIC 4: THE MOLE CONCEPTS

TOPIC 4: THE MOLE CONCEPTS TOPIC 4: THE MOLE CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION The mass is gram (g) of 1 mole of substances is called its.. 1 mole of substances has.. particles of a substances The mass of 1 mole of substances is always equal

More information

Lesson Plan. 24. Describe the influence of intermolecular forces on the physical and chemical properties of covalent compounds (PS-H-C5).

Lesson Plan. 24. Describe the influence of intermolecular forces on the physical and chemical properties of covalent compounds (PS-H-C5). Lesson Plan GLE Physical Science 22. Predict the kind of bond that will form between two elements based on electronic structure and electronegativity of the elements (e.g., ionic, polar, nonpolar) (PS-H-C5).

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 4.1 - The Mole Concept The Atomic Mass Unit You need to know the atomic mass unit and the relative atomic mass. In Unit C3.3, 1 atomic mass unit

More information

Solid- has definite shape and volume and is not compressible. Liquid- (fluid) Flows; it has a fixed volume, and takes the shape of its container.

Solid- has definite shape and volume and is not compressible. Liquid- (fluid) Flows; it has a fixed volume, and takes the shape of its container. 1 Chemistry 2. Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Examples: Air Oxygen Table Chair Water. Find mass using Find the volume of Find the volume of a a balance a liquid and an irregular regular

More information

The electronic structure of three Alkali Metals The alkali metals appearance

The electronic structure of three Alkali Metals The alkali metals appearance The electronic structure of three Alkali Metals Notice that in each of these the outermost shell only has 1 electron. This is the valance electron which is easily removed during chemical reactions. Cs

More information

10.2 Mole-Mass and Mole- Volume Relationships. Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities. Volume Relationships The Mole: A Measurement of Matter

10.2 Mole-Mass and Mole- Volume Relationships. Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities. Volume Relationships The Mole: A Measurement of Matter Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities 101 The Mole: A Measurement of Matter 102 Mole-Mass and Mole- 103 Percent Composition and Chemical Formulas 1 http://wwwbrightstormcom/science/chem istry/chemical-reactions/molar-mass/

More information

Physical Science Study Guide

Physical Science Study Guide Name: Class: Date: Physical Science Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Mendeleev arranged the known chemical elements in a table

More information

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemical Basis of Life The Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 2 Objectives Identify the four elements that make up 96% of living matter. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: neutron and proton, atomic number and mass

More information

7.1 Describing Reactions. Burning is a chemical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, a chemical reaction is said to take place.

7.1 Describing Reactions. Burning is a chemical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, a chemical reaction is said to take place. Burning is a chemical change. When a substance undergoes a chemical change, a chemical reaction is said to take place. Chemical Equations What is the law of conservation of mass? The law of conservation

More information

ExamLearn.ie. Chemical Bonding

ExamLearn.ie. Chemical Bonding ExamLearn.ie Chemical Bonding Chemical Bonding A molecule is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently. Eg: Molecule of water

More information

ب 3 18 قسم الكيمياء مصطفي عيد

ب 3 18 قسم الكيمياء مصطفي عيد memxtd@yahoo.com m.moustapha@sau.edu.sa 0115888078 ب 3 18 قسم الكيمياء مصطفي عيد The Atom Nucleus Electron Shell or Orbit The Atom. What are the 3 major parts of an atom? Proton Neutron Electron Stoichiometry

More information

CHEMISTRY HONORS LEOCE Study Guide

CHEMISTRY HONORS LEOCE Study Guide BENCHMARK: N.1.1-1.2, N.1.6, N.3.1, N.3.3, N.3.4 CHEMISTRY HONORS CHEMISTRY AND SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT TEXTBOOK: Glencoe, Chemistry: Matter and Change, Chapters 1-3 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How is measurement

More information

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and

More information

IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry

IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Chemical Formulae, Equations and Calculations NOTES 1.25: Write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols): For reactions

More information

Uniform properties throughout! SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts.

Uniform properties throughout! SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts. 54 SOLUTIONS - a SOLUTION is a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE. Uniform properties throughout! - parts of a solution: SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts. SOLVENT - the component of a solution

More information

Common Mistakes and Misconceptions in Physical Science: How Not to Be an Easy Target For Exam-Writers Who are Out to Stump You

Common Mistakes and Misconceptions in Physical Science: How Not to Be an Easy Target For Exam-Writers Who are Out to Stump You Common Mistakes and Misconceptions in Physical Science: How Not to Be an Easy Target For Exam-Writers Who are Out to Stump You Structure of Matter 1. Confusing Solutions With Pure Substances Air can be

More information

Conceptual Integrated Science

Conceptual Integrated Science Hewitt/Lyons/Suchocki/Yeh Conceptual Integrated Science Chapter 12 THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL BONDS Electron Shells Atoms bond together through their electrons. To learn about bonding, therefore, we need to

More information

Elements,Compounds and Mixtures

Elements,Compounds and Mixtures BASIC CONCEPTS: Elements,s and s 1. The smallest fundamental particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element is called an atom. 2. A pure substance that cannot be split up into

More information

IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences Chemistry Glossary

IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences Chemistry Glossary IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences Chemistry Glossary acid = any substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water acidic solution = a solution with a ph less than 7 acid rain = rain with a ph

More information

CHEMICAL BONDING [No one wants to be alone] The Marrying of Atoms (AIM)

CHEMICAL BONDING [No one wants to be alone] The Marrying of Atoms (AIM) CHEMICAL BONDING [No one wants to be alone] The Marrying of Atoms (AIM) Associate Degree in Engineering Prepared by M. J. McNeil, MPhil. Department of Pure and Applied Sciences Portmore Community College

More information

(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST)

(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Final Prep Chap 8&9 (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation

More information

7.1 Describing Reactions

7.1 Describing Reactions Chapter 7 Chemical Reactions 7.1 Describing Reactions Chemical Equations Equation states what a reaction starts with, and what it ends with. Reactants the starting materials that undergo change. (On the

More information

CHAPTER 8 Ionic and Metallic Bonds

CHAPTER 8 Ionic and Metallic Bonds CHAPTER 8 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Shows the kind of atoms and number of atoms in a compound. MgCl 2 NaCl CaCO 3 Al 2 O 3 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Chemical Formulas Al: Cl: counting atoms AlCl 3 Pb: N: O: Pb(NO

More information

Noble gases do not join other atoms to form compounds. They seem to be most stable just as they are.

Noble gases do not join other atoms to form compounds. They seem to be most stable just as they are. UNIT 3: TE NATURE MATTER: MLECULES There are fewer than one hundred naturally occurring elements on the earth, but there are billions of compounds made of those elements. In this unit, we will examine

More information

Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1

Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1 Atoms to Minerals CH 5.1 Objectives Identify the characteristics of matter Compare the particles that make up atoms of elements Describe the three types of chemical bonds Identify the characteristics of

More information

Lecture 11 - Stoichiometry. Lecture 11 - Introduction. Lecture 11 - The Mole. Lecture 11 - The Mole. Lecture 11 - The Mole

Lecture 11 - Stoichiometry. Lecture 11 - Introduction. Lecture 11 - The Mole. Lecture 11 - The Mole. Lecture 11 - The Mole Chem 103, Section F0F Unit IV - Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations Lecture 11 The concept of a mole, which is a very large group of atoms or molecules Determining the formulas for a compound Stoichiometry

More information

The Periodic Table. run vertically on the periodic table (up and down).

The Periodic Table. run vertically on the periodic table (up and down). Lesson Objective: The Periodic Table Science 8.5B Interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements 8.2E Analyze data

More information

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14 What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. For

More information

Course book: Pearson Baccalaureate: Higher Level Chemistry for the IB Diploma 2nd edition ISBN10: isbn13:

Course book: Pearson Baccalaureate: Higher Level Chemistry for the IB Diploma 2nd edition ISBN10: isbn13: IB 1 CHEMISTRY Teacher: Annika Nyberg annika.nyberg@mattliden.fi Course book: Pearson Baccalaureate: Higher Level Chemistry for the IB Diploma 2nd edition ISBN10: 1447959752 isbn13: 9781447959755 Pearson

More information

There are two main requirements for atoms to form a covalent bond and make a molecule:

There are two main requirements for atoms to form a covalent bond and make a molecule: HOW ATOMS BOND TO EACH OTHER Covalent bonding Remember that a hydrogen atom has 1 proton and 1 electron and that the electron and the proton are attracted to each other. But if the atoms get close enough

More information

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass

More information

The Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Ar

The Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Ar STOICHIOMETRY The Mole Relative Atomic Mass Ar Relative Molecular Mass Mr Defined as mass of one atom of the element when compared with 1/12 of an atom of carbon-12 Some Ar values are not whole numbers

More information

6 atomic # C symbol Carbon name of element atomic mass. o Examples: # 1 mol C = g # 1 mol O = g # 1 mol H = 1.

6 atomic # C symbol Carbon name of element atomic mass. o Examples: # 1 mol C = g # 1 mol O = g # 1 mol H = 1. 7.1 AVOGADRO S NUMBER AND MOLAR CONVERSIONS CHEMISTRY NOTES Identify the mole as the unit used to count particles, whether atoms, ions, or molecules. Use Avogadro s number to convert between amount in

More information

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass

More information

CHM 1045 Qualifying Exam

CHM 1045 Qualifying Exam CHM 1045 Qualifying Exam 1. Which of the following is the basic unit of volume in the metric system? A) liter B) kilogram C) meter D) centimeter E) gram 2. Which of the following is the largest unit? A)

More information

Regents Chemistry. Topic Review Packet. Name:

Regents Chemistry. Topic Review Packet. Name: Regents Chemistry Topic Review Packet Name: 1 p. 5-7 Matter 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1 5. 4 6. 3 7. 1 Answer Key 8. 3 10. 3 11. 1 12. 4 13. 3 14. 4 15. density of neon gas = 0.827 grams/liter 16. one physical property

More information

Atom the smallest unit of matter indivisible. Helium atom

Atom the smallest unit of matter indivisible. Helium atom Atom the smallest unit of matter indivisible Helium atom electron shells a) Atomic number = number of Electrons a) Electrons vary in the amount of energy they possess, and they occur at certain energy

More information

6.02 x 1023 CHAPTER 10. Mole. Avogadro s Number. Chemical Quantities The Mole: A Measurement of Matter Matter is measured in one of three ways:

6.02 x 1023 CHAPTER 10. Mole. Avogadro s Number. Chemical Quantities The Mole: A Measurement of Matter Matter is measured in one of three ways: Chapter 10 Notes CHAPTER 10 10.1 The Mole: A Measurement of Matter Matter is measured in one of three ways: Chemical Quantities Mole SI unit that measures the amount of a substance A mole of a substance

More information

Chapter 3: Stoichiometry

Chapter 3: Stoichiometry Chapter 3: Stoichiometry Key Skills: Balance chemical equations Predict the products of simple combination, decomposition, and combustion reactions. Calculate formula weights Convert grams to moles and

More information

Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Outline

Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Outline Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry Outline 1.0 COMPOSITION OF MATTER 1.1 Atom 1.2 Elements 1.21 Isotopes 1.22 Radioisotopes 1.3 Compounds 1.31 Compounds Formed by Ionic Bonding 1.32 Compounds Formed by Covalent

More information

Valence Electrons, Bonds and Chemical Reactions 05 October 2006

Valence Electrons, Bonds and Chemical Reactions 05 October 2006 Valence Electrons, Bonds and Chemical Reactions 05 October 2006 Principles of Valence Electrons and Bonds Ionic Bonds Metallic Bonds Covalent Bonds Intermolecular Forces Common Chemical Reactions Atoms

More information

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES AND HOW THEY ARE REPRESENTED 8.5D recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas

More information

AQA Chemistry Checklist

AQA Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this

More information

Introduction to Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry Unit. Definition. Terminology. Terminology. Terminology 07/04/2016. Chemistry 30

Introduction to Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry Unit. Definition. Terminology. Terminology. Terminology 07/04/2016. Chemistry 30 Thermochemistry Unit Introduction to Thermochemistry Chemistry 30 Definition Thermochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the heat produced and used in chemical reactions. Most of thermochemistry

More information

Combined Chemistry Paper 3. Master revision presentation

Combined Chemistry Paper 3. Master revision presentation Combined Chemistry Paper 3 Master revision presentation States of matter Solid Liquid Gas Liquid Melting Boiling Condensing Freezing Liquid Gas Liquid Solid Gas straight to Solid is called Deposition.

More information

Q1. The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below.

Q1. The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below. Q1. The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below. The letters are not the symbols of the elements. Choose the element to answer the question. Each element can be

More information

Chapter 9 STOICHIOMETRY

Chapter 9 STOICHIOMETRY Chapter 9 STOICHIOMETRY Section 9.1 The Arithmetic of Equations OBJECTIVE Calculate the amount of reactants required or product formed in a nonchemical process. Section 9.1 The Arithmetic of Equations

More information

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers.

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. (a) Explain what fertilisers are used for............. (b) The amount of nitrogen in a fertiliser is important. How many

More information

Chap 10 Part 3a.notebook December 12, 2017

Chap 10 Part 3a.notebook December 12, 2017 Metallic Bonding and Semiconductors Chapter 10 Sect 4 Metallic Bonding positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea of electrons" Bonding is strong and nondirectional Iron, Silver, alloys, Brass, Bronze Forces

More information

Uniform properties throughout! SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts.

Uniform properties throughout! SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts. 54 SOLUTIONS - a SOLUTION is a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE. Uniform properties throughout! - parts of a solution: SOLUTE(S) - component(s) of a solution present in small amounts. SOLVENT - the component of a solution

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1 AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State that elements

More information

Chemistry Final Study Guide KEY. 3. Define physical changes. A change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself.

Chemistry Final Study Guide KEY. 3. Define physical changes. A change in any physical property of a substance, not in the substance itself. Chemistry Final Study Guide KEY Unit 2: Matter & Its Properties, Lesson 1: Physical and Chemical Properties & Changes 1. Define physical properties. The characteristics of a substance that can be observed

More information

WELCOME BACK FROM SPRING BREAK

WELCOME BACK FROM SPRING BREAK 7 MOLES & CHEMICAL COMPOSITION WELCOME BACK FROM SPRING BREAK BELL RINGER (1) WHAT WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT CHEMICAL STORY THAT YOU HEARD ABOUT OVER BREAK? Short paragraph name, date, period Part 2 Brainstorm

More information

CHEMISTRY NOTES. Elements and the periodic table. name of the element. A. Element 1. Definition a substance made of one kind of atom

CHEMISTRY NOTES. Elements and the periodic table. name of the element. A. Element 1. Definition a substance made of one kind of atom CHEMISTRY NOTES Elements and the periodic table A. Element 1. Definition a substance made of one kind of atom a. Atom smallest particle of an element Nucleus Protons = Positive charge Neutrons = No charge

More information

CHEMpossible. 101 Exam 2 Review

CHEMpossible. 101 Exam 2 Review CHEMpossible 1. Circle each statement that applies to thermal energy and heat: a. Thermal energy is the average kinetic energy of its molecules due to their motion b. High thermal energy is reflected in

More information

CHAPTER 2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry

CHAPTER 2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry CHAPTER 2: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry 2.1 Mass of Atoms and Molecules 2.2 Mass Spectrometer 2.3 Amount of Substance 2.4 Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula 2.5 Stoichiometry and Equations Learning

More information

5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds. compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond

5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds. compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds compound chemical formula molecule chemical bond ionic bond valence covalent bond What is a compound? 5.1 How Atoms Form Compounds A compound is a pure substance that contains

More information

GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. Bonding. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry

GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. Bonding. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry Particle Model and Atomic Structure The following symbols describe two different substances. Deduce all the information you can from these symbols. 13 C 12 6 6 C 1 Particle Model and Atomic Structure The

More information