UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Converting lignin to aromatics: step by step Strassberger, Z.I. Link to publication
|
|
- Madeline Benson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Converting lignin to aromatics: step by step Strassberger, Z.I. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Strassberger, Z. I. (2014). Converting lignin to aromatics: step by step General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 04 May 2018
2 Appendix In-house built autoclave and setup for reactions in liquid ammonia
3 Chapter Introduction Working with liquid ammonia requires some considerations. First, some basic thermodynamics have to be studied and calculated. Then, a whole set-up including autoclave has to be planned and built. The autoclave should also allow us to study the solubilisation conditions in time. For this purpose, we present here a detailed description of the complete set-up and autoclave. CAUTION! Ammonia vapours have a sharp, irritating, pungent odour that acts as a warning of potentially dangerous exposure. The average odour threshold is 5 ppm, well below any danger or damage. Exposure to high concentrations of gaseous ammonia can result in lung damage and death. The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is 50 ppm Thermodynamic conditions When the reactor is flushed after reaction, ammonia will be released as a gas at 8 bar (autogenous pressure of ammonia in the liquid phase). For this purpose, it is essential to first calculate liquid-to-gas volume expansion as well as the heat exchange over the neutralization step. These calculations are based on the following reaction conditions: 10 ml ammonia, g lignin, max. temperature 90 C, max. pressure 90 bar. The conditions are chosen considering the physical properties of ammonia at room temperature: vapour pressure of 8 bars, density of 682 kg/m 3, g/ml and molecular weight of 17 g/mol. The number of moles of ammonia used (n = 0.37 mol) was calculated using the formula: ρ = m s /V s n = m s /M w and n = (ρ V s )/Mw where ρ is the density, Mw is the molecular weight, m s is the mass and V s is the volume. The volume of ammonia gas (V = 9 L) was calculated using the ideal gas law PV = nrt 124
4 Solubilisation of lignin in liquid ammonia The heat energy change in the system was calculated based on eq. 1 and 2: NH 3 (l) + H 2 O(aq) NH 4 OH(aq) (1) NH 4 OH(aq) + HCl(l) NH 4 Cl(s) + H 2 O(aq) (2) with ΔH H2O = -285 KJ/mol ΔH NH4Cl = -314 KJ/mol ΔH HCl = -167 KJ/mol ΔH NH4OH = -81 KJ/mol ΔH r = (ΔH H2O + ΔH NH4Cl ) (ΔH HCl + ΔH NH4OH ) ΔH r = KJ/mol We need to understand the influence between the volume of the acid bath and the difference in temperature, which will occur during the neutralization process. For this purpose, we calculated the heat energy change defined as follow: Q = n ΔH r and Q = m H2O Cp ΔT where Cp is the heat capacity (at constant pressure), m H2O is the mass of water, Q is the heat energy change and ΔT the difference of temperature. By using this equation, we can plot the influence between the mass of the acid bath used and the difference in temperature as follow: m H2O = (130/4.18) (1/(T 2 -T 1 )) The final temperature of the trapping solution will be between C, if working with two times 2 L trap HCl solution of 1M in ice at a temperature of 14 C. 125
5 Chapter 6 Mass of water! 10! 9! 8! 7! 6! 5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0! 20! 25! 30! 35! 40! 45! Final temperature ( C)! Fig. 1: Temperature profile of the system. T 1 = 14 C (black) and T 1 = 21 C (gray curve) Description of the autoclave and entire set-up A stainless steel autoclave is used for the liquid ammonia experiments. All wetted parts are either made of SS, Teflon or Kalrez. The autoclave is equipped with two windows, situated opposite to each other. The windows are made of boron silicate glass (diameter 30 mm, thickness 15 mm). Due to the glass windows, the system is limited to a maximum pressure of 100 bar. If a higher pressure is needed, sapphire windows can be installed. The heating elements (4x) are mounted in the wall of the lower part of the autoclave. An external temperature controller is connected to the autoclave. The autoclave temperature is controlled by a thermocouple that is attached to the outside of the autoclave. The reaction temperature is measured by a thermocouple mounted in a dip tube that hangs in the liquid of the autoclave. This temperature is also used as a safety shut off. Beside this safety, a Clixon (a temperature switch limited at 250 C) is attached to the outside of the autoclave and to the temperature controller. If this Clixon reaches the max. temperature the autoclave temperature controller is completely switched off. Two valves (Swagelok SS-4PDF4, equipped with a Teflon seat and Kalrez O-rings) are mounted as inlet and outlet valves. A safety relieve valve (Swagelok SS-4R3A, 126
6 Solubilisation of lignin in liquid ammonia equipped with Kalrez O-rings) is mounted on the lid. Other O-rings (windows and seal) are all of Teflex (from Eriks, The Netherlands). The pressure reading is performed by means of an analog manometer. A magnetic stirrer with a stirring bar coated with glass is used.!! Fig. 2: Photo (Top) and schematic description (bottom) of the reactor set-up for working with liquid ammonia. 127
Citation for published version (APA): Harinck, S. (2001). Conflict issues matter : how conflict issues influence negotiation
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Conflict issues matter : how conflict issues influence negotiation Harinck, S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Harinck, S. (2001). Conflict
More informationRotational symmetry breaking in the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 probed by uppercritical
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Rotational symmetry breaking in the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 probed by uppercritical field experiments Pan, Y.; Nikitin, A.; Araizi Kanoutas, G.; Huang,
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Facile synthesis of NaYF4:Yb, Ln/NaYF4:Yb core/shell upconversion nanoparticles via successive ion layer adsorption and one-pot reaction technique Zeng, Q.; Xue,
More informationRecent revisions of phosphate rock reserves and resources: a critique Edixhoven, J.D.; Gupta, J.; Savenije, H.H.G.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Recent revisions of phosphate rock reserves and resources: a critique Edixhoven, J.D.; Gupta, J.; Savenije, H.H.G. Published in: Earth System Dynamics DOI: 10.5194/esd-5-491-2014
More informationOn a unified description of non-abelian charges, monopoles and dyons Kampmeijer, L.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) On a unified description of non-abelian charges, monopoles and dyons Kampmeijer, L. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Kampmeijer, L. (2009).
More informationNMDA receptor dependent functions of hippocampal networks in spatial navigation and memory formation de Oliveira Cabral, H.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) NMDA receptor dependent functions of hippocampal networks in spatial navigation and memory formation de Oliveira Cabral, H. Link to publication Citation for published
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons law
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Sliding friction Weber, B.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons
More informationMass loss and evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars in the Magellanic Clouds van Loon, J.T.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Mass loss and evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars in the Magellanic Clouds van Loon, J.T. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Loon,
More informationData-driven methods in application to flood defence systems monitoring and analysis Pyayt, A.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Data-driven methods in application to flood defence systems monitoring and analysis Pyayt, A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pyayt, A.
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Electrokinetics in porous media Luong, D.T. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Electrokinetics in porous media Luong, D.T. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Luong, D. T. (2014). Electrokinetics in porous media General
More informationPublished in: Tenth Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation: Gudauri, Georgia, September 2013
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Estimating the Impact of Variables in Bayesian Belief Networks van Gosliga, S.P.; Groen, F.C.A. Published in: Tenth Tbilisi Symposium on Language, Logic and Computation:
More informationPhysiological and genetic studies towards biofuel production in cyanobacteria Schuurmans, R.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Physiological and genetic studies towards biofuel production in cyanobacteria Schuurmans, R.M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Schuurmans,
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Phenotypic variation in plants Lauss, K. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Phenotypic variation in plants Lauss, K. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lauss, K. (2017). Phenotypic variation in plants: Roles for epigenetics
More informationCoherent X-ray scattering of charge order dynamics and phase separation in titanates Shi, B.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Coherent X-ray scattering of charge order dynamics and phase separation in titanates Shi, B. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Shi, B. (2017).
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The syntax of relativization de Vries, M. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The syntax of relativization de Vries, M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Vries, M. (2002). The syntax of relativization Utrecht: LOT
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Hin, V. (2017). Ontogenesis: Eco-evolutionary perspective on life history complexity.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Ontogenesis Hin, V. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hin, V. (2017). Ontogenesis: Eco-evolutionary perspective on life history complexity.
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Automatic segmentation of the striatum and globus pallidus using MIST: Multimodal Image Segmentation Tool Visser, E.; Keuken, M.C.; Douaud, G.; Gaura, V.; Bachoud-Levi,
More informationNMDA receptor dependent functions of hippocampal networks in spatial navigation and memory formation de Oliveira Cabral, H.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) NMDA receptor dependent functions of hippocampal networks in spatial navigation and memory formation de Oliveira Cabral, H. Link to publication Citation for published
More informationCombining radar systems to get a 3D - picture of the bird migration Liechti, F.; Dokter, A.; Shamoun-Baranes, J.Z.; van Gasteren, J.R.; Holleman, I.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Combining radar systems to get a 3D - picture of the bird migration Liechti, F.; Dokter, A.; Shamoun-Baranes, J.Z.; van Gasteren, J.R.; Holleman, I. Published in:
More informationMonitoring and modelling hydrological fluxes in support of nutrient cycling studies in Amazonian rain forest ecosystems Tobon-Marin, C.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Monitoring and modelling hydrological fluxes in support of nutrient cycling studies in Amazonian rain forest ecosystems Tobon-Marin, C. Link to publication Citation
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Nguyen, X. C. (2017). Different nanocrystal systems for carrier multiplication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Different nanocrystal systems for carrier multiplication Nguyen, X.C. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Nguyen, X. C. (2017). Different nanocrystal
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Adhyaksa, G. W. P. (2018). Understanding losses in halide perovskite thin films
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Understanding losses in halide perovskite thin films Adhyaksa, G.W.P. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Adhyaksa, G. W. P. (2018). Understanding
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Ochea, M. I. (2010). Essays on nonlinear evolutionary game dynamics Amsterdam: Thela Thesis
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Essays on nonlinear evolutionary game dynamics Ochea, M.I. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ochea, M. I. (200). Essays on nonlinear evolutionary
More informationRECORD AND ANALYSE THE PRESSURE-ENTHALPY DIAGRAM FOR A COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP
Thermodynamics Heat cycles Heat Pump RECORD AND ANALYSE THE PRESSURE-ENTHALPY DIAGRAM FOR A COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP Demonstrate how an electric compression heat pump works Quantitatively investigate of the
More informationPublished in: ICCSA 2014: Fourth International Conference on Complex Systems and Applications: June 23-26, 2014, Le Havre, Normandie, France
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Dynamics of Media Attention Traag, V.A.; Reinanda, R.; Hicks, J.; van Klinken, G.A. Published in: ICCSA 2014: Fourth International Conference on Complex Systems and
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Laser Spectroscopy of Trapped Ra+ Ion Versolato, Oscar Oreste
University of Groningen Laser Spectroscopy of Trapped Ra+ Ion Versolato, Oscar Oreste IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Jak, S. (2013). Cluster bias: Testing measurement invariance in multilevel data
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Cluster bias: Testing measurement invariance in multilevel data Jak, S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Jak, S. (2013). Cluster bias: Testing
More informationLove and fear of water: Water dynamics around charged and apolar solutes van der Post, S.T.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Love and fear of water: Water dynamics around charged and apolar solutes van der Post, S.T. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van der Post,
More informationOptical spectroscopy of carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanostructures de Jong, E.M.L.D.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Optical spectroscopy of carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanostructures de Jong, E.M.L.D. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Jong, EM-LD.
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Bremmer, R. H. (2011). Non-contact spectroscopic age determination of bloodstains
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Non-contact spectroscopic age determination of bloodstains Bremmer, R.H. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bremmer, R. H. (2011). Non-contact
More informationChemistry 1105 R11 Fall 2018 Test 3
Chemistry 1105 R11 Fall 2018 Test 3 Friday, November 16, 2018 Name: Time: 1 hour 50 minutes Student #: This test consists of seven pages of questions, the periodic table, and a page containing useful constants
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
University of Groningen Direct observation of the spin-dependent Peltier effect Flipse, J.; Bakker, F. L.; Slachter, A.; Dejene, F. K.; van Wees, Bart Published in: Nature Nanotechnology DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2012.2
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Charge carrier dynamics in photovoltaic materials Jensen, S.A. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Charge carrier dynamics in photovoltaic materials Jensen, S.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Jensen, S. A. (2014). Charge carrier dynamics
More informationMeasurement of the charged particle density with the ATLAS detector: First data at vs = 0.9, 2.36 and 7 TeV Kayl, M.S.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Measurement of the charged particle density with the ALAS detector: First data at vs = 0.9,.36 and 7 ev Kayl, M.S. Link to publication Citation for published version
More informationClimate change and topography as drivers of Latin American biome dynamics Flantua, S.G.A.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Climate change and topography as drivers of Latin American biome dynamics Flantua, S.G.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Flantua, S. G.
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons law
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Sliding friction Weber, B.A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Weber, B. A. (2017). Sliding friction: From microscopic contacts to Amontons
More informationThermochemistry/Calorimetry. Determination of the enthalpy of vaporization of liquids LEC 02. What you need: What you can learn about
LEC 02 Thermochemistry/Calorimetry Determination of the enthalpy of vaporization of liquids What you can learn about Enthalpy of vaporisation Entropy of vaporisation Trouton s rule Calorimetry Heat capacity
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction in microreactors Susanti, Susanti
University of Groningen Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction in microreactors Susanti, Susanti IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite
More informationQuestion 4. Calculate q when 0.10 g of ice is cooled from 10.ºC to -75ºC. (c ice = J/g ºC) A) -18 J B) -14 J C) -8.5 J D) + 14 J E) +18 J 5-4
Question 1 A system conducts 1.07 kj of heat to the surroundings while delivering 1.79 kj of work. What is the change in internal energy of the system? A) +0.72 kj B) -0.72 kj C) +2.86 kj D) -2.86 kj 5-1
More informationMeasuring more or less: Estimating product period penetrations from incomplete panel data Hoogendoorn, A.W.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Measuring more or less: Estimating product period penetrations from incomplete panel data Hoogendoorn, A.W. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationWater in confinement : ultrafast dynamics of water in reverse micelles Dokter, A.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Water in confinement : ultrafast dynamics of water in reverse micelles Dokter, A.M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Dokter, A. M. (2008).
More informationLove and fear of water: Water dynamics around charged and apolar solutes van der Post, S.T.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Love and fear of water: Water dynamics around charged and apolar solutes van der Post, S.T. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van der Post,
More informationAE 3051, Lab #16. Investigation of the Ideal Gas State Equation. By: George P. Burdell. Group E3
AE 3051, Lab #16 Investigation of the Ideal Gas State Equation By: George P. Burdell Group E3 Summer Semester 000 Abstract The validity of the ideal gas equation of state was experimentally tested for
More informationDetermination of freezing points of pure substances with Cobra4 TEC
Determination of freezing points of pure substances TEC Related concept Crystallization point, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat of fusion, freezing point depression. Principle When a pure substance
More informationA polarized view on DNA under tension van Mameren, Joost; Vermeulen, K.; Wuite, G.J.L.; Peterman, E.J.G.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A polarized view on DNA under tension van Mameren, Joost; Vermeulen, K.; Wuite, G.J.L.; Peterman, E.J.G. Published in: Journal of Chemical Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.5004019
More informationExperiment 2 Heat of Combustion: Magnesium
Experiment 2 Heat of Combustion: Magnesium Purpose Hess s Law states that when are going from a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the heat of reaction is the same whether the
More informationQuantitative Prediction of Crystal Nucleation Rates for Spherical Colloids: A Computational Study Auer, S.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Quantitative Prediction of Crystal Nucleation Rates for Spherical Colloids: A Computational Study Auer, S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Petrov, D. S. (2003). Bose-Einstein condensation in low-dimensional trapped gases
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bose-Einstein condensation in low-dimensional trapped gases Petrov, D.S. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Petrov, D. S. (2003). Bose-Einstein
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE Digital Academic Repository Phase II control charts for monitoring dispersion when parameters are estimated Diko, M.D.; Goedhart, R.; Chakraborti, S.; Does, R.J.M.M.; Epprecht, E.K. Published
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass Girisuta, Buana
University of Groningen Levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass Girisuta, Buana IMPRTANT NTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please
More informationYoung intermediate-mass stars: from a HIFI spectral survey to the physics of the disk inner rim Kama, M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Young intermediate-mass stars: from a HIFI spectral survey to the physics of the disk inner rim Kama, M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationUniversity of Groningen
University of Groningen The Driving Mechanism Behind Attrition-Enhanced Deracemization Noorduin, Wim L.; Enckevort, Willem J.P. van; Meekes, Hugo; Kaptein, Bernard; Kellogg, Richard M.; Tully, John C.;
More informationExperiment A4 Sensor Calibration Procedure
Experiment A4 Sensor Calibration Procedure Deliverables: Checked lab notebook, Brief technical memo Safety Note: Heat gloves and lab coats must be worn when dealing with boiling water. Open-toed shoes
More informationCarbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth
University of Groningen Carbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Matrix perturbations: bounding and computing eigenvalues Reis da Silva, R.J. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Matrix perturbations: bounding and computing eigenvalues Reis da Silva, R.J. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Reis da Silva, R. J. (2011).
More informationCalorimetery and Hess s Law
Calorimetery and Hess s Law Overview: Calorimetry is the technique used to measure the heat required or evolved during a chemical reaction. Heat has units of joules, so one might expect to be using a joule
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Hollow-atom probing of surfaces Limburg, Johannes
University of Groningen Hollow-atom probing of surfaces Limburg, Johannes IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check
More informationSolenoid valves Type EVR 2 g 40 NC/ NO New EVR 6 with Steel cover design
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Technical brochure Solenoid valves EVR 2 g 40 NC/ NO New with Steel cover design EVR is a direct or servo operated solenoid valve for liquid, suction, and hot gas lines with
More informationThermodynamics. We can summarize the four laws of thermodynamics as follows:
Thermodynamics Objective: To investigate the zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics. To calculate properties such as specific heat. To investigate the ideal gas law. To become familiar with basic P-V
More informationElectricity. Electrolysis. Current and the transport of charge DETERMINATION OF THE FARADAY CONSTANT BASIC PRINCIPLES
Electricity Current and the transport of charge Electrolysis DETERMINATION OF THE FARADAY CONSTANT Production of hydrogen by means of electrolysis and determining the volume of the hydrogen V. Determining
More information= (25.0 g)(0.137 J/g C)[61.2 C - (-31.4 C)] = 317 J (= kj)
CHEM 101A ARMSTRONG SOLUTIONS TO TOPIC D PROBLEMS 1) For all problems involving energy, you may give your answer in either joules or kilojoules, unless the problem specifies a unit. (In general, though,
More informationBose-Einstein condensation of a finite number of particles trapped in one or three dimensions Ketterle, W.; van Druten, N.J.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bose-Einstein condensation of a finite number of particles trapped in one or three dimensions Ketterle, W.; van Druten, N.J. Published in: Physical Review A DOI:
More informationGases. A gas. Difference between gas and vapor: Why Study Gases?
Gases Chapter 5 Gases A gas Uniformly fills any container. Is easily compressed. Mixes completely with any other gas. Exerts pressure on its surroundings. Difference between gas and vapor: A gas is a substance
More informationENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF MgO
ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF MgO ELECTRONIC LABORATORY NOTEBOOK (ELN) INSTRUCTIONS All work for this experiment must be recorded, attached, or answered in the ELN. Create a pre & inlab page in the Experiment
More informationN) manual. Biomaster Operating manual
830 ual N) manual Operating manual Copyright 2013 Eppendorf AG, Hamburg. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Trademarks Eppendorf and the
More informationChapter 6: Thermochemistry
Chapter 6: Thermochemistry Section 6.1: Introduction to Thermochemistry Thermochemistry refers to the study of heat flow or heat energy in a chemical reaction. In a study of Thermochemistry the chemical
More informationChapter 11 Gases 1 Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009
Chapter 11 Gases Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 11.1 Properties of Gases The properties of a gas are almost independent of its identity. (Gas molecules behave as if no other molecules are present.) Compressible
More informationInvestigation of adiabatic batch reactor
Investigation of adiabatic batch reactor Introduction The theory of chemical reactors is summarized in instructions to Investigation of chemical reactors. If a reactor operates adiabatically then no heat
More informationExam 1. Name: Recitation Section Lenny.: 6:30 7:30 (circle one): Greg.: 6:30 7:30 Student Number: Nic.: 6:30 7:30
Exam 1 Name: Recitation Section Lenny.: 6:30 7:30 (circle one): Greg.: 6:30 7:30 Student Number: Nic.: 6:30 7:30 Please show your work and either circle your answers or put your answers in the boxes provided.
More informationCan a Hexapole magnet of an ECR Ion Source be too strong? Drentje, A. G.; Barzangy, F.; Kremers, Herman; Meyer, D.; Mulder, J.; Sijbring, J.
University of Groningen Can a Hexapole magnet of an ECR Ion Source be too strong? Drentje, A. G.; Barzangy, F.; Kremers, Herman; Meyer, D.; Mulder, J.; Sijbring, J. Published in: Default journal IMPORTANT
More informationThermostatic expansion valves TUA/TUAE
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Technical brochure Thermostatic expansion valves A/AE www.danfoss.com Thermostatic expansion valves, type A/AE Contents Page Introduction... Features... Standard range...
More informationCooling Water Flow Regulator
Temperature controlled, indirectly and directly actuated diaphragm valves / seat valves Port size G 3/8 to G DN 0 to DN 0 ontinuous regulation High accuracy No auxiliary energy required Technical data
More informationInstallation guide 862 MIT / MIR
Installation guide 862 MIT / MIR in combination with: 864 MTT or 863 MRT or (dual) spot element November 2005 Part no. 4416.232_Rev3 Enraf BV PO Box 812 2600 AV Delft Netherlands Tel. : +31 15 2701 100
More informationVersuchsanleitungen zum Praktikum Physikalische Chemie für Anfänger 1
Versuchsanleitungen zum Praktikum Physikalische Chemie für Anfänger 1 A 6 Calorimetry Duty: Three main purposes in this experiment are obligatory: (1) the neutralization enthalpy of acid should be determined
More informationUvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Detection of extracellular vesicles: size does matter van der Pol, E. Link to publication
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Detection of extracellular vesicles: size does matter van der Pol, E. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van der Pol, E. (2015). Detection
More informationChemistry 3202 Lab 6 Hess s Law 1
Chemistry 3202 Lab 6 Hess s Law 1 Lab 6 Hess's Law Introduction Chemical and physical changes are always accompanied by a change in energy. Energy changes may be observed by detecting heat flow between
More informationTHER Mo CHEMISTRY: HEAT OF Ne UTRALIZATION
Experiment 11 Name: 42 THER Mo CHEMISTRY: HEAT OF Ne UTRALIZATION In this experiment, you will use calorimetry to experimentally determine the heat of neutralization of NaOH-HCl, or the enthalpy of the
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Kooistra, F. B. (2007). Fullerenes for organic electronics [Groningen]: s.n.
University of Groningen Fullerenes for organic electronics Kooistra, Floris Berend IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please
More informationDetermining the Enthalpy of a Chemical Reaction
Determining the Enthalpy of a Chemical Reaction Computer 13 All chemical reactions involve an exchange of heat energy; therefore, it is tempting to plan to follow a reaction by measuring the enthalpy change
More informationLoco-regional hyperthermia treatment planning: optimisation under uncertainty de Greef, M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Loco-regional hyperthermia treatment planning: optimisation under uncertainty de Greef, M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Greef, M.
More informationLight Scattering Study of Poly (dimethyl siloxane) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2.
Supplemental Information. Light Scattering Study of Poly (dimethyl siloxane) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2. Pascal André, Sarah L. Folk, Mireille Adam, Michael Rubinstein, and Joseph M. DeSimone Technical
More informationTo use calorimetry results to calculate the specific heat of an unknown metal. To determine heat of reaction ( H) from calorimetry measurements.
Calorimetry PURPOSE To determine if a Styrofoam cup calorimeter provides adequate insulation for heat transfer measurements, to identify an unknown metal by means of its heat capacity and to determine
More informationThermodynamics Enthalpy of Reaction and Hess s Law
P.O. Box 219 Batavia, Illinois 60510 1-800-452-1261 flinn@flinnsci.com Visit our website at: www.flinnsci.com 2003 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Your Safer Source for Science Supplies Thermodynamics
More informationTopic 5: Energetics. Heat & Calorimetry. Thursday, March 22, 2012
Topic 5: Energetics Heat & Calorimetry 1 Heat is energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a body
More information8 Enthalpy of Reaction
E x p e r i m e n t Enthalpy of Reaction Lecture and Lab Skills Emphasized Calculating the heat and enthalpy of reactions. Writing net ionic equations. Using Hess s law to determine the enthalpy of a reaction.
More informationLearning Check. How much heat, q, is required to raise the temperature of 1000 kg of iron and 1000 kg of water from 25 C to 75 C?
Learning Check q = c * m * ΔT How much heat, q, is required to raise the temperature of 1000 kg of iron and 1000 kg of water from 25 C to 75 C? (c water =4.184 J/ C g, c iron =0.450 J/ C g) q Fe = 0.450
More informationHESS S LAW: ADDITIVITY OF HEATS OF REACTION
HESS S LAW: ADDITIVITY OF HEATS OF REACTION LAB THC 1.COMP From Chemistry with Computers, Vernier Software & Technology, 2000 INTRODUCTION In this experiment, you will use a Styrofoam-cup calorimeter to
More informationSolutions to Chem 203 TT1 Booklet
Solutions to Chem 03 TT1 Booklet Chem03 TT1 Booklet Solutions to Gases Practice Problems Problem 1. Answer: C Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid causing
More informationAn impossibility theorem concerning multilateral international comparison of volumes van Veelen, C.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) An impossibility theorem concerning multilateral international comparison of volumes van Veelen, C.M. Published in: Econometrica DOI: 10.1111/1468-0262.00280 Link
More informationApparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas
Apparatus for Studying the Relationship Between Pressure and Volume of a Gas As P (h) increases V decreases 1 Boyle s Law P α 1/V P x V = constant P 1 x V 1 = P 2 x V 2 Constant temperature Constant amount
More informationCHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 4137W/4139W. Reaction Kinetics Saponification of Isopropyl Acetate with Sodium Hydroxide
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 4137W/4139W Reaction Kinetics Saponification of Isopropyl Acetate with Sodium Hydroxide Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to examine and determine the reaction
More informationUniversity of Groningen. Extraction and transport of ion beams from an ECR ion source Saminathan, Suresh
University of Groningen Extraction and transport of ion beams from an ECR ion source Saminathan, Suresh IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish
More informationCOMBUSTION OF FUEL 12:57:42
COMBUSTION OF FUEL The burning of fuel in presence of air is known as combustion. It is a chemical reaction taking place between fuel and oxygen at temperature above ignition temperature. Heat is released
More informationHigh-Temperature High-Pressure ph and Reference Probes
High-Temperature High-Pressure ph and Reference Probes Instruction Manual San Antonio Texas, USA Web: E-mail: Phone: 210 924 3101 Copyright 4-9 September 9 1 High Temperature and High Pressure Ag/AgCl
More informationThermochemistry: The Heat of Neutralization
Thermochemistry: The Heat of Neutralization Safety Solid NaOH is a severe contact hazard. Avoid touching it! HCl and NaOH solutions are both contact hazards. Wear goggles at all times since NaOH is a severe
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ChE CONTINUOUS BINARY DISTILLATION
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING ChE 3211-4211 CONTINUOUS BINARY DISTILLATION OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to determine the overall column efficiency for
More informationThermodynamics and the Solubility of Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate
Thermodynamics and the Solubility of Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate In this experiment you, as a class, will determine the solubility of sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 10 H 2 O or Na 2 [B
More informationChromTech options for PAL systems
ChromTech options for PAL systems SPDE features full automation for dynamic sample extraction, desorption and analysis using the CTC Combi PAL. Most of our customers use SPDE for food and flavor research,
More informationExperiment 6: Using Calorimetry to Determine the Enthalpy of Formation of Magnesium Oxide
Experiment 6: Using Calorimetry to Determine the Enthalpy of Formation of Magnesium Oxide Reading: Chapter sections 5.4 5.7 of your textbook and this lab handout. Ongoing Learning Goals: To use a scientific
More informationAll gases display distinctive properties compared with liquid or solid. Among them, five properties are the most important and listed below:
CHEM 1111 117 Experiment 8 Ideal gas Objective: 1. Advance core knowledge of ideal gas law; 2. Construct the generator to produce gases; 3. Collect the gas under ambient temperature. Introduction: An ideal
More information