Force Model Physical basis Energy (kj/ mole) Example

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Force Model Physical basis Energy (kj/ mole) Example"

Transcription

1 All course materials, including lectures, class notes, quizzes, exams, handouts, presentations, and other materials provided to students for this course are protected intellectual property. As such, the unauthorized purchase or sale of these materials may result in disciplinary sanctions under the Campus Student Code. Intra-molecular or bonding forces are found within a molecule Force Model Physical basis Energy (kj/ mole) Example Ionic Covalent Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) are electrostatic in nature (attraction between opposite charges) Opposite charges that are permanent in nature result in stronger IMFs Opposite charges that are temporary/ transient in nature result in weaker IMFs Relative strength of intermolecular forces is directly related to: melting/boiling points (Tf/ Tb) Stronger IMFs higher Tf and Tb enthalpy of fusion ( Hfus) higher Hfus enthalpy of vaporization ( Hvap) higher Hvap Viscosity higher viscosity surface tension higher surface tension solubility of the substances like dissolves like We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 1 of 13

2 Boiling Points and Atomic Weight Interactions of Nonpolar Molecules London Dispersion Forces (LDF) IMFs between nonpolar molecules caused by temporary/induced dipoles in the molecules Temporary (induced) dipole Separation of charge produced in an atom or molecule by a momentary uneven distribution of electrons Factors affecting strength of dispersion: We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 2 of 13

3 Polarizability Relative ease with which the electron cloud in a molecule, ion, or atom can be distorted, inducing a temporary dipole Higher polarizability stronger dispersion Shape of molecules Increased surface area increased interactions between molecules Linear molecules have higher dispersion than branched molecules of similar MW We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 3 of 13

4 Interactions Involving Polar Molecules Ion dipole interaction Attractive force between an ion and a molecule that has a permanent dipole Sphere of hydration Cluster of water molecules surrounding an ion in aqueous solution Dipole Dipole Interactions Hydrogen bond We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 4 of 13

5 Boiling points are related to attractive forces H-bonding between complementary strands of DNA Responsible for forming the double helix shape We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 5 of 13

6 Relative Strengths of Intermolecular Forces Rank the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point: CH3OH, CH3CH2CH2CH3, and CH3CH2OCH3 We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 6 of 13

7 Flow chart to determine strongest type of IMFs present For each pair of substances, identify the key bonding and/or intermolecular force(s), and predict which one of the pair has the higher boiling point CH3NH2 or CH3F CH3OH or CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 (n-hexane) or 2,2-dimethylbutane [Structures given] H H H H H H H H H H C H H C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H C C C C H C H H H H H H We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 7 of 13

8 Properties of Water Other related examples We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 8 of 13

9 Factors Affecting Physical States Intermolecular forces Temperature Pressure Phase diagram A graphical representation of how the stabilities of the physical states of a substance depend on temperature and pressure Equilibrium lines represent phase changes between solid/liquid, liquid/gas, and solid/gas under specific conditions (T, P). Triple point Temperature/pressure where all three phases of a substance coexist Phase Diagram for Water We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 9 of 13

10 Describe the phase changes that occur when the temperature of CO2 is increased from 100 C to 200 C at a pressure of 25 atm We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 10 of 13

11 Inter-molecular forces are found between molecules (revisted) Kinetic view of the three states of matter Solid Attractive Forces vs. Kinetic Energy Properties Liquid Gas Liquid-gas equilibrium We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 11 of 13

12 The effect of temperature on the distribution of molecular speeds Factors affecting Vapor Pressure As temperature increases, the fraction of molecules with enough energy to enter the vapor phase increases, more particles are in the gas phase and the vapor pressure is higher The weaker the intermolecular forces, the more easily particles enter the vapor phase, more particles are in the gas phase and the vapor pressure is higher Diethyl ether Ethanol water Vapor pressure as a function of temperature and intermolecular forces Vapor pressure increases as temperature increases Vapor pressure decreases as the strength of the intermolecular forces increases We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 12 of 13

13 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure The normal boiling point of a liquid is observed at standard atmospheric pressure, exactly 1 atm As the external pressure on a liquid increases, the boiling point increases We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle Page 13 of 13

Quick Review. 1. Hybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model.

Quick Review. 1. Hybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model. Quick Review 1. ybridization. 2. Delocalization. 3. We will not be talking about Molecular Orbital Model. **OUR EXAM II IS TURSDAY April 2 nd at 7pm** *BQ5, BQ6 and BQM are in 66 Library *BQ1, BQ2, BQ3,

More information

Ch. 9 Liquids and Solids

Ch. 9 Liquids and Solids Intermolecular Forces I. A note about gases, liquids and gases. A. Gases: very disordered, particles move fast and are far apart. B. Liquid: disordered, particles are close together but can still move.

More information

Chap 10 Part 4Ta.notebook December 08, 2017

Chap 10 Part 4Ta.notebook December 08, 2017 Chapter 10 Section 1 Intermolecular Forces the forces between molecules or between ions and molecules in the liquid or solid state Stronger Intermolecular forces cause higher melting points and boiling

More information

PHASE CHANGES. * melting * boiling * sublimation. * freezing * condensation * deposition. vs.

PHASE CHANGES. * melting * boiling * sublimation. * freezing * condensation * deposition. vs. PHASE CHANGES endothermic * melting * boiling * sublimation vs. vs. exothermic * freezing * condensation * deposition H enthalpy: heat content of a system under constant pressure HEATING CURVE: Where is

More information

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14

What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Thursday, April 24, 14 What determines whether a substance will be a solid, liquid, or gas? Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. Answer: The attractive forces that exists between its particles. For

More information

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together.

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: THE FORCE BEHIND VARIOUS PROPERTIES WHY? Intermolecular forces are largely responsible for the properties of affinity, solubility, volatility, melting/ boiling point, and viscosity.

More information

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles Scientists are interested in how matter behaves under unusual circumstances. For example, before the space station could be built, fundamental

More information

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces Solutions and Intermolecular Forces REVIEW Chemical Bonds Three basic types of bonds: Ionic Electrostatic attraction between ions Covalent Sharing of electrons Metallic Metal atoms bonded to several other

More information

Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids

Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids Name: Honors Unit 9: Liquids and Solids Objectives: 1. Students will be able to describe particles in the solid, liquid, and gas phases, and to explain what happens during phase transitions in terms of

More information

Physical States of Matter

Physical States of Matter Intermolecular forces Chapter 5 Physical States of Matter Section 12.3 Physical States of Matter Three phases of matter solid Definite shape and volume solid liquid liquid Definite volume, shape of container

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids State Volume Shape of State Density

More information

Nestor S. Valera Ateneo de Manila. Chapter 12 - Intermolecular Forces

Nestor S. Valera Ateneo de Manila. Chapter 12 - Intermolecular Forces Nestor S. Valera Ateneo de Manila Chapter 12 - Intermolecular Forces 1 A phase is a region that differs in structure and/or composition from another region. 2 Phases Solid phase - ice Liquid phase - water

More information

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces Sections 9.4, 11.3-11.4 Intermolecular Forces Attractive forces between molecules due to charges, partial charges, and temporary charges Higher charge, stronger

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the system but separated from them by a well defined boundary. Phases

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular forces. Chapter 11 1

Chapter 11. Intermolecular forces. Chapter 11 1 Chapter 11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 1 2 Intermolecular forces Forces of attraction between molecules Directly dependent on the distance between the molecules

More information

Chapter Intermolecular attractions

Chapter Intermolecular attractions Chapter 11 11.2 Intermolecular attractions Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces control the physical properties of the substance. Intramolecular forces

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles

More information

Intermolecular Forces I

Intermolecular Forces I I How does the arrangement of atoms differ in the 3 phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas)? Why doesn t ice just evaporate into a gas? Why does liquid water exist at all? There must be some force between

More information

CHEMISTRY. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces Liquids and Solids

CHEMISTRY. Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces Liquids and Solids CHEMISTRY The Central Science 8 th Edition Chapter 11 Liquids and Solids Kozet YAPSAKLI States of Matter difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. In the solid and liquid states

More information

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules?

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules? Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Draw Lewis Structures for CCl 4 and CH 3 Cl. What s the same? What s different? 1 Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments Bonds

More information

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces Chapter 11 KMT for Solids and Liquids Intermolecular Forces Viscosity & Surface Tension Phase Changes Vapor Pressure Phase Diagrams Solid Structure Kinetic Molecular Theory Liquids and solids will experience

More information

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces Name MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 1. Which of the following should have the highest surface tension at a given temperature? 2. The triple point of compound X occurs

More information

London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) Intermolecular Forces Attractions BETWEEN molecules. London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)

London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) Intermolecular Forces Attractions BETWEEN molecules. London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) LIQUIDS / SOLIDS / IMFs Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) Attractions BETWEEN molecules NOT within molecules NOT true bonds weaker attractions Represented by dashed lines Physical properties (melting points,

More information

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Learning goals and key skills: Identify the intermolecular attractive interactions (dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole) that exist between

More information

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Comparisons of the States of Matter The solid and liquid states have a much higher density than the gas state The solid and liquid states have similar

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction. Stronger forces bring molecules

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Surveying the Chapter: Page 442 Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids We begin with a brief comparison of solids, liquids, and gases from a molecular perspective, which reveals the important

More information

Professor K. Intermolecular forces

Professor K. Intermolecular forces Professor K Intermolecular forces We've studied chemical bonds which are INTRAmolecular forces... We now explore the forces between molecules, or INTERmolecular forces which you might rightly assume to

More information

Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL?

Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL? Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL? Define the prefixes Inter Between, as internet, interstate Intra Inside, as intramural Intermolecular Forces (2) Forces between covalent molecules These are

More information

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces The Three Phases of Matter (A Macroscopic Comparison) State of Matter Shape and volume Compressibility Ability to Flow Solid Retains its own shape

More information

Dipole-Dipole Interactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cerb1d6j4-m London Dispersion Forces https://www.youtube.com/watch?

Dipole-Dipole Interactions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cerb1d6j4-m London Dispersion Forces https://www.youtube.com/watch? CATALYST Lesson Plan GLE Physical Science 22. Predict the kind of bond that will form between two elements based on electronic structure and electronegativity of the elements (e.g., ionic, polar, nonpolar)

More information

- As for the liquids, the properties of different solids often differ considerably. Compare a sample of candle wax to a sample of quartz.

- As for the liquids, the properties of different solids often differ considerably. Compare a sample of candle wax to a sample of quartz. 32 SOLIDS * Molecules are usually packed closer together in the solid phase than in the gas or liquid phases. * Molecules are not free to move around each other as in the liquid phase. Molecular/atomic

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces H covalent bond (stronger) Cl H Cl intermolecular attraction (weaker) The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together. They

More information

State the two factors required for successful collisions to occur. Activation energy and correct collision geometry

State the two factors required for successful collisions to occur. Activation energy and correct collision geometry 1 State the two factors required for successful collisions to occur Activation energy and correct collision geometry 2 State the definition of activation energy The minimum kinetic energy for successful

More information

Why does more NaCl dissolve in 100 g of water than in 100 g of gasoline? Chapter 10

Why does more NaCl dissolve in 100 g of water than in 100 g of gasoline? Chapter 10 I sometimes wonder (because I m a nerd). Why does more NaCl dissolve in 100 g of water than in 100 g of gasoline? Chapter 10 Why does 2O have a higher boiling point than hexane (C3C2C2C2C2C3)? Liquids,

More information

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids

Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 1 Chapters 11 and 12: Intermolecular Forces of Liquids and Solids 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids The state of matter (Gas, liquid or solid) at a particular temperature and pressure depends

More information

Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces

Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces Exam Accelerated Chemistry Study Sheet Chap12 Solids/Liquids/Intermolecular Forces Name /66 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Intermolecular

More information

Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds Comparing Ionic and Covalent Compounds It takes energy to overcome the forces holding particles together. Thus, it takes energy to cause a substance to go from the liquid to the gaseous state. The boiling

More information

CHAPTER 10 LIQUID & SOLIDS

CHAPTER 10 LIQUID & SOLIDS Advanced Chemistry Name Hour Advanced Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 10 LIQUID & SOLIDS Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the

More information

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Page 1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) relative weak interactions that occur between molecules. Most of the physical properties of gases,

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. A.P. Chemistry Practice Test: Ch. 10 - Liquids and Solids Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Crystalline solids. A) exist only

More information

UNIT 14 IMFs, LIQUIDS, SOLIDS PACKET. Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

UNIT 14 IMFs, LIQUIDS, SOLIDS PACKET. Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES p. 1 Name: Date: Period: #: IMF NOTES van der Waals forces: weak attractive forces between molecules. There are 3 types: 1. London Dispersion Forces

More information

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Slide 2-3 Properties of Liquids Unlike gases, liquids respond dramatically to temperature and pressure changes. We can study the liquid state and

More information

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter AP Chemistry Ms. Grobsky Where We Have Been And Where We Are Going In the last few chapters, we saw that atoms can form stable units called molecules by

More information

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Chapter objectives Understand the three intermolecular forces in pure liquid in relation to molecular structure/polarity Understand the physical properties of liquids

More information

Phase Change DIagram

Phase Change DIagram States of Matter Phase Change DIagram Phase Change Temperature remains during a phase change. Water phase changes Phase Diagram What is a phase diagram? (phase diagram for water) Normal melting point:

More information

Polarity. Q

Polarity.  Q Unit 6 Polarity Polarity Reflect: Hydrogen has a very low affinity for electrons, while oxygen has a very high affinity. What do you think the bond between the two is like? Polarity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj3o0xvhvq

More information

liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12

liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12 liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook December 15, 2017 Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12 Intermolecular forces Intermolecular: forces between molecules Intramolecular: within molecules (i.e. covalent)

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids PowerPoint Lecture Presentation by J. David Robertson University of Missouri Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction

More information

- intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules

- intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules Chapter 11: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids - intermolecular forces forces that exist between molecules 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids - gases - average kinetic energy of

More information

Chapter 12 Section 1

Chapter 12 Section 1 hapter 12 Section 1 Kinetic Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids Noncovalent Forces Intermolecular interactions Electrostatic Forces Dispersion Forces -bonding DNA, RNA Mary J. Bojan hem 110 1 What

More information

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases used to account for Ideal Gas Behavior when gases approach high temperatures and low pressures GASES are very different from solids and liquids. We

More information

Molecules have to move past one another to flow, and stronger attractions between molecules make that more difficult!

Molecules have to move past one another to flow, and stronger attractions between molecules make that more difficult! 40 VISCOSITY - viscosity can also be explained (at least partially) by looking at INTERMOLECULAR FORCES! - For a liquid to FLOW, its molecules must move past one another. This means that some of the molecules

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kinetic-molecular theory: Gases

More information

CHEMISTRY - TRO 4E CH.11 - LIQUIDS, SOLIDS & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

CHEMISTRY - TRO 4E CH.11 - LIQUIDS, SOLIDS & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: INTERMOLECULAR FORCES When looking at a molecular substance such as H 2 O you will discover two types of electrostatic forces at work: forces exist within a molecule and

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids. Chapter 11. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids. Chapter 11. Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for 1 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact with other parts of the

More information

CHAPTER 9: LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

CHAPTER 9: LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS CHAPTER 9: LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Section 9.1 Liquid/Vapor Equilibrium Vaporization process in which a liquid vapor open container - evaporation continues until all liquid evaporates closed container 1) Liquid

More information

[8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions

[8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions [8.5] Melting Points and Boiling Points of Solutions Melting and Boiling Points We have talked about melting and boiling points earlier in the semester Now we are going to understand how intermolecular

More information

CHAPTER OUTLINE. I. The Structure of Water: An Introduction to Intermolecular Forces

CHAPTER OUTLINE. I. The Structure of Water: An Introduction to Intermolecular Forces The Chemistry of Water and the Nature of Liquids Chapter 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE 11.2 I. The Structure of Water: An Introduction to Intermolecular Forces II. A Closer Look at Intermolecular lar Forces A. London

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces States of Matter The three states of matter are 1) Solid Definite shape Definite volume 2) Liquid Indefinite shape Definite volume 3) Gas Indefinite shape Indefinite

More information

Polar molecules vs. Nonpolar molecules A molecule with separate centers of positive and negative charge is a polar molecule.

Polar molecules vs. Nonpolar molecules A molecule with separate centers of positive and negative charge is a polar molecule. CHM 123 Chapter 8 8.5 8.6 Polar covalent Bonds and Dipole moments Depending on the relative electronegativities of the two atoms sharing electrons, there may be partial transfer of electron density from

More information

Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline

Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Intermolecular Forces and States of Matter AP Chemistry Lecture Outline Name: Chemical properties are related only to chemical composition; physical properties are related to chemical composition AND the

More information

Chemistry: The Central Science

Chemistry: The Central Science Chemistry: The Central Science Fourteenth Edition Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the intramolecular attractions

More information

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) ; Set 09- Molecular Geometry All course materials, including lectures, class notes, quizzes, exams, handouts, presentations, and other materials provided to students for this course are protected intellectual

More information

Name Practice IMFs and VP

Name Practice IMFs and VP Name Practice IMFs and VP Date 5916. Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule containing polar covalent bonds? A) NH3 B) H2 C) CCl4 D) H2O 408. In substances that sublime, the forces of attraction

More information

Determine intermolecular forces of covalent compounds and atoms. Understand/calculate heat involved in phase changes

Determine intermolecular forces of covalent compounds and atoms. Understand/calculate heat involved in phase changes Dr. Pérez CHM1046C - Chapter 11a pg 1 of 12 (1) CH. 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids and Solids Objectives Determine intermolecular forces of covalent compounds and atoms Predict properties of liquids

More information

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Why? Why is water usually a liquid and not a gas? Why does liquid water boil at such a high temperature

More information

Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes

Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids and Phase Changes Chapter 10 1 KMT of Liquids and Solids Gas molecules have little or no interactions. Molecules in the Liquid or solid state have significant interactions. Liquids

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids & Solids The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids & Solids Gases vs. Liquids & Solids difference is distance between molecules Liquids Molecules close together;

More information

Upon successful completion of this unit, the students should be able to:

Upon successful completion of this unit, the students should be able to: Unit 9. Liquids and Solids - ANSWERS Upon successful completion of this unit, the students should be able to: 9.1 List the various intermolecular attractions in liquids and solids (dipole-dipole, London

More information

Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids

Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids States of matter: the physical state of matter depends on a balance between the kinetic energy of particles, which tends to keep them apart, and the attractive

More information

AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 15-1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 15-1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 15-1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES In addition to the covalent bonds that exist between atoms in a molecule (H2O for instance), there are also weak attractions between

More information

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids

Chapter 14. Liquids and Solids Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids Review Solid - Has a definite (fixed) shape and volume (cannot flow). Liquid - Definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows). Gas Has neither fixed shape nor

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of

More information

States of Matter. The Solid State. Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion)

States of Matter. The Solid State. Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion) States of Matter The Solid State Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion) Fixed shape and volume Crystalline or amorphous structure

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,

More information

Solid to liquid. Liquid to gas. Gas to solid. Liquid to solid. Gas to liquid. +energy. -energy

Solid to liquid. Liquid to gas. Gas to solid. Liquid to solid. Gas to liquid. +energy. -energy 33 PHASE CHANGES - To understand solids and liquids at the molecular level, it will help to examine PHASE CHANGES in a little more detail. A quick review of the phase changes... Phase change Description

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids Chapter 11 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A phase is a homogeneous part of the system in contact

More information

Chapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

Chapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Chapter 10: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes In-chapter exercises: 10.1 10.6, 10.11; End-of-chapter Problems: 10.26, 10.31, 10.32, 10.33, 10.34, 10.35, 10.36, 10.39, 10.40, 10.42, 10.44, 10.45, 10.66,

More information

2. What property of water allows a needle to float on it without sinking? Answer: surface tension

2. What property of water allows a needle to float on it without sinking? Answer: surface tension Ch 12 and 14 Practice Problems - KEY The following problems are intended to provide you with additional practice in preparing for the exam. Questions come from the textbook, previous quizzes, previous

More information

Learning Check. Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule.

Learning Check. Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule. Learning Check Determine the VSEPRT geometry, bond angle, and hybridization of each indicated atom in the following molecule. 1 Types of Covalent Bonds 1. A sigma (σ) bond is formed by endto-end overlap

More information

Name: Class: Date: ID: A

Name: Class: Date: ID: A Name: Class: _ Date: _ CH11 1. Order the intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole, London dispersion, ionic, and hydrogen-bonding) from weakest to strongest. A) dipole-dipole, London dispersion, ionic, and

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Phase Equilibria

Intermolecular Forces and Phase Equilibria Intermolecular Forces and Phase Equilibria Chemistry 36 Spring 2002 Intermolecular Forces What happens to gas phase molecules when subjected to increased pressure? Volume occupied by gas decreases (IGL)

More information

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Have studied INTRAmolecular forces the forces holding atoms together to form compounds. Now turn to forces between molecules INTERmolecular forces. Forces between molecules, between

More information

9/2/10 TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

9/2/10 TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS Tro Chpt. 11 Liquids, solids and intermolecular forces Solids, liquids and gases - A Molecular Comparison Intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces in action: surface tension, viscosity and capillary

More information

The Liquid and Solid States

The Liquid and Solid States : The Liquid and Solid States 10-1 10.1 Changes of State How do solids, liquids and gases differ? Figure 10.4 10-2 1 10.1 Changes of State : transitions between physical states Vaporization/Condensation

More information

NGSS DCI: Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces. Teacher: <Teacher> Time Frame: 9 days. Grade: 10 School: <School>

NGSS DCI: Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces. Teacher: <Teacher> Time Frame: 9 days. Grade: 10 School: <School> Unit Lesson Plan Intermolecular (IM) Forces Teacher: Time Frame: 9 days Grade: 10 School: Subject: PSI Chemistry NGSS DCI: AP Standards: HS-PS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to

More information

IMFA s. intermolecular forces of attraction Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved.

IMFA s. intermolecular forces of attraction Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved. IMFA s intermolecular forces of attraction 2014 Chez Chem, LLC All rights reserved. **London Dispersion Forces Also know as Van der Waals forces A momentary non symmetrical electron distribution that can

More information

Solids, liquids and gases

Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids, and gases are held together by intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces occur between molecules, not within molecules (as in bonding). When a molecule changes

More information

Announcements. No class on Friday---faculty day at the Ateneo. Read Chapter 13--Solutions and start the homework problems posted on the blog

Announcements. No class on Friday---faculty day at the Ateneo. Read Chapter 13--Solutions and start the homework problems posted on the blog Announcements No class on Friday---faculty day at the Ateneo Read Chapter 13--Solutions and start the homework problems posted on the blog Quiz next week on Chapter 11 Electronegativity values from a table

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Molecular Compounds The simplest molecule is H 2 : Increased electron density draws nuclei together The pair of shared electrons constitutes a covalent bond. Intermolecular Forces

More information

Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength

More information

No Brain Too Small CHEMISTRY AS91390 Demonstrate understanding of thermochemical principles and the properties of particles and substances

No Brain Too Small CHEMISTRY AS91390 Demonstrate understanding of thermochemical principles and the properties of particles and substances COLLATED QUESTIONS Attractive forces between atoms, ions, and molecules. These will include ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and intermolecular attractions due to temporary dipoles and permanent dipoles (including

More information

2.26 Intermolecular Forces

2.26 Intermolecular Forces 2.26 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are the relatively weak forces that exist between molecules. These govern the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility in solvents

More information

One Q partial negative, the other partial negative Ø H- bonding particularly strong. Abby Carroll 2

One Q partial negative, the other partial negative Ø H- bonding particularly strong. Abby Carroll 2 Chemistry Notes v Polarity Experiment Ø Things involved Polarity Solubility Dispersion Ø Polarity Shaving cream has soap steric acid Water is polar Food coloring is polar/ionic because dissolved Like dissolves

More information

AP Chemistry: Liquids and Solids Practice Problems

AP Chemistry: Liquids and Solids Practice Problems AP Chemistry: Liquids and Solids Practice Problems Directions: Write your answers to the following questions in the space provided. or problem solving, show all of your work. Make sure that your answers

More information

Bonding and IMF practice test MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Bonding and IMF practice test MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Exam Name Bonding and IMF practice test MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) There are paired and unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol

More information

Liquids and Solids Chapter 10

Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Liquids and Solids Chapter 10 Nov 15 9:56 AM Types of Solids Crystalline solids: Solids with highly regular arrangement of their components Amorphous solids: Solids with considerable disorder in their

More information