The effects of sodium chloride on the Boiling Point of Dihydrogen Monoxide

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1 The effects of sodium chloride on the Boiling Point of Dihydrogen Monoxide Background: Dissolving a solute in a liquid can change its properties. These are called Colligative Properties, which are properties of solutions that depend on the TOTAL concentration of solute particles in solution. In this lab, you will be investigating the effects of increasing number of sodium chloride (NaCl) particles on the boiling point of dihydrogen monoxide (H O). Pre-Lab:. Find good scientific definitions of boiling point, solute, concentration and solution. Write the definitions in the space below. Provide an example of each. Please check your spelling for accuracy.

2 . When reading a thermometer, it is important to read the thermometer correctly. Read the following thermometers correctly and record your answers on the line provided below each thermometer. a. b. c. d. e.

3 . Identify the following components of the lab: Independent Variable: Justify your answer: Dependent Variable: Justify your answer: Control: Purpose: To determine the effects of sodium chloride particles on the boiling point of dihydrogen monoxide. Research Question: Hypothesis: Materials: Sodium chloride Dihydrogen monoxide Weigh boats Scoopula Hot plate - 5ml Erlenmeyer flasks Thermometers Crucible Tongs Balance 00ml Graduated cylinder Beaker (any size) Wire screen

4 Safety Considerations: Note: The lab will be conducted in partners. Each lab group will collect two to three sets of data. The lab group next to you will collect different sets of data. The data will be shared for a total of 4 6 sets of data each group. Procedures: Procedures clearly state what needs to be done to complete a lab. Procedures do not generally include instructions that are considered basic skills or good practices for scientists. Steps that are listed in italics are examples of good practices and are only being listed for instructional purposes for our first lab.. Do not enter the lab until you are safe: goggles, proper attire, hair securely pulled back if necessary.. All procedures must be read and understood prior to beginning any lab.. Data tables if not provided must be prepared in advance. 4. Have a copy of the lab, pencil and calculator ready. 5. Gather equipment needed for the lab and insure that it is clean and unbroken. 6. Review safety considerations and disposal requirements of any chemicals being used. 7. Using the graduated cylinder measure approximately 00ml of H O and pour into a 5mL Erlenmeyer flask. a. Record amount of dihydrogen monoxide in the data table. i. Always record measurements to the appropriate number of digits to include estimated digit. b. Always retrieve chemicals in a beaker and then pour into the graduated cylinder to avoid unnecessary spills.

5 c. Pour out only what you need. It is better to have too little and measure a little more than to have large quantities in excess. d. NEVER return chemicals to original containers once they have been poured into a secondary container. 8. Measure the first amount of NaCl needed and pour carefully into the Erlenmeyer flask. a. Swirl flask to dissolve NaCl. b. Place a weigh boat on the balance and zero the balance. c. Obtain the NaCl container and bring to the balance and use the scoopula to carefully scoop the NaCl from the container to the weigh boat. i. Never leave a scoopula in a container to avoid accidental spills. ii. Clean up any spills according to your teachers instructions. iii. Return container of NaCl to its original place. 9. Record the amount of NaCl measured in the data table. Turn on hot plate and set to a medium temperature. a. Record setting in data table. 0. Carefully place the Erlenmeyer flask on the hot plate. a. Make sure flask is centered for best heating. b. Never leave a hot plate or open flame unattended.. Place a thermometer into the flask to record temperature at boiling point. a. Bottom of thermometer should be in the center of the solution. b. Never allow thermometer touch the sides or bottom of the flask. c. Someone must always hold the thermometer unless secured with a clamp. d. Record the temperature of the solution when the point boiling is first observed.. Prepare the next test while waiting for the solution to boil (repeating steps 7 & 8).. Once the temperature is recorded carefully remove the thermometer from the flask and the flask from the hot plate onto the wire screen using the crucible tongs as demonstrated by your teacher. a. NEVER place hot glass directly onto a cool or cold surface such as the lab counters. Doing so could result in the glass breaking. b. Once the flask and solution have cooled dispose of solution as instructed and clean the flask. 4. Repeat steps 0 & for the next test. 5. Repeat steps 7-8 & 0-4 until all trials have been completed. 6. Once all trials are completed dispose of any remaining solution as instructed. 7. Clean all equipment prior to putting away and turn off and unplug hot plate. 8. Clean lab counter.

6 Data Tables: (make title) Set Trial Volume of H O ml Set Mass of NaCl g Boiling Point (bp) C Average bp C No NaCl Set -g NaCl Set 4-5g NaCL Set 4 7-8g NaCl Set 5 0-g NaCl Set 6 4-6g NaCl Calculations: Find the average boiling point for each set of data. Show a sample calculation below and record your averages in the data table above.

7 Graph : Create an appropriate graph of each of the trails below. Use color and a legend to define each line.

8 Graph : Create an appropriate graph of the average boiling points below.

9 Post Lab Questions:. Identify a piece of equipment utilized in the lab that measures with a high level of accuracy. Justify your answer using appropriate science language.. Define the accuracy and precision of the piece of equipment identified in number?. In the lab sodium chloride and dihydrogen monoxide were used. Determine the classification of each of these materials. 4. Discuss the importance of the controls utilized in this lab. 5. Interpret the information displayed in graph. 6. Suggest a real life situation that would benefit from the information learned about the effect of sodium chloride on dihydrogen monoxide. Present a detailed explanation for your suggestion.

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