Broughton High School

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2 Chapter 21 Chemical Reactions Vocabulary Words 1. Balanced Chemical Reactions 2. Catalyst Broughton High School 3. Chemical Equation 4. Chemical Reaction 5. Coefficient 6. Combustion Reaction 7. Decomposition Reaction 8. Double-Displacement Reaction 9. Endergonic Reaction 10. Endothermic Reaction 11. Synthesis Reaction 12. Oxidation 13. Precipitate 14. Product 15. Reactant 16. Reduction 17. Single-displacement Reaction

5 Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Synthesis Reaction: Two or more elements/compounds combine to form a more complex product Example: Synthesis Reaction - A + B ----> AB 2.

Single Replacement Reaction: An uncombined element replaces a less reactive element in a compound, creating a new compound and a single element.

3 5 Types of Chemical Reactions 1. Synthesis Reaction: Two or more elements/compounds combine to form a more complex product Example: Synthesis Reaction - A + B ----> AB 2. Decomposition Reaction: One chemical species breaks down to simpler elements/compounds. Example: Decomposition Reaction - AB ----> A + B 3. Single Replacement Reaction: An uncombined element replaces a less reactive element in a compound, creating a new compound and a single element. Example: Single Replacement Reaction - A + BC ----> B + AC 4. Double Replacement Reaction: Involves two ionic compounds (in solution) that trade cations, creating two new compounds. Example: Double Replacement Reaction - AB + CD ----> AD + CB 5. Combustion Reaction: A hydrocarbon (or other organic molecule) burning in oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water. Example: Combustion Reaction - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O + energy

4 Chemical reactions Supplementary Insert

Five Types of Chemical Reaction Worksheet Broughton High School Section 1: Balance the following reactions and indicate which of the six types of chemical reaction are being represented: 1.

5 Five Types of Chemical Reaction Worksheet Broughton High School Section 1: Balance the following reactions and indicate which of the six types of chemical reaction are being represented: 1. NaBr + Ca(OH) 2 CaBr 2 + NaOH Type of reaction: 2. NH 3 + H 2 SO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 Type of reaction: 3. C 5 H 9 O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Type of reaction: 4. Pb + H 3 PO 4 H 2 + Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Type of reaction: 5. Li 3 N + NH 4 NO 3 LiNO 3 + (NH 4 ) 3 N Type of reaction: 6. HBr + Al(OH) 3 H 2 O + AlBr 3 Type of reaction: 7. N 2 + H 2 NH 3 Type of reaction: 8. KClO 3 KCl + O 2 Type of reaction: 9. NaCl + F 2 NaF + Cl 2 Type of reaction: 10. H 2 + O 2 H 2 O Type of reaction: 11. Pb(OH) 2 + HCl H 2 O + PbCl 2 Type of reaction: 12. AlBr 3 + K 2 SO 4 KBr + Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Type of reaction: 13. CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Type of reaction: 14. C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Type of reaction: 15. C 8 H 18 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Type of reaction:

6 Five Types of Chemical Reaction Worksheet Broughton High School 16. FeCl 3 + NaOH Fe(OH) 3 + NaCl Type of reaction: 17. P + O 2 P 2 O 5 Type of reaction: 18. Na + H 2 O NaOH + H 2 Type of reaction: 19. Ag 2 O Ag + O 2 Type of reaction: 20. S 8 + O 2 SO 3 Type of reaction: 21. CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Type of reaction: 22. K + MgBr KBr + Mg Type of reaction: 23. HCl + CaCO 3 CaCl 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 Type of reaction: 24. HNO 3 + NaHCO 3 NaNO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 Type of reaction: 25. H 2 O + O 2 H 2 O 2 Type of reaction: 26. NaBr + CaF 2 NaF + CaBr 2 Type of reaction: 27. H 2 SO 4 + NaNO 2 HNO 2 + Na 2 SO 4 Type of reaction: 28. What s the main difference between a double displacement reaction and an acid-base reaction? 29. Combustion reactions always result in the formation of water. What other types of chemical reaction may result in the formation of water? Write examples of these reactions.

7 Types of Reactions Broughton High School Directions: Balance each equation & identify the Reactions type: S= synthesis D= Decomposition SR= Single Replacement DR= Double Replacement 1) Fe + O 2 Fe 2 O 3 2) Cl 2 + KBr KCl + Br 2 3) Fe + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 + Cu 4) NaCl Na + Cl 2 5) FeCl 3 + KOH KCl + Fe(OH) 3 6) KClO 3 + heat KCl + O 2 7) Al + O 2 Al 2 O 3 8) Na 2 S + AgNO 3 Ag 2 S + NaNO 3 9) CaCO 3 + heat CaO + CO 2 10) 11) 12) Mg + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 + heat Mg(OH) 2 + HCl MgCl 2 + H 2 O + heat Na 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 BaSO 4 + NaCl 13) CaI 2 + F 2 CaF 2 + I 2 14) 15) 16) NaOH Na 2 O + H 2 O ZnBr 2 + AgNO 3 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 + AgBr K + Br 2 KBr 17) NaHCO 3 + heat Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 18) AgNO 3 + Cu Ag + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 19) CuSO 4 + NaOH Cu(OH) 2 + Na 2 SO 4 20) Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 + heat CaCl 2 + O 2

21) Which reactions above have a GAS, like CO 2 or O 2 or H 2, as a product? 22) Some decomposition reactions require HEAT in order to occur.

23) What do we call it when heat is taken in or absorbed as a reaction occurs?

25) Compounds that usually form precipitates have (OH) -, Ag +, or (SO4) -2 in them.

8 21) Which reactions above have a GAS, like CO 2 or O 2 or H 2, as a product? 22) Some decomposition reactions require HEAT in order to occur. Which of the reactions above requires heat in order for the reaction to proceed? 23) What do we call it when heat is taken in or absorbed as a reaction occurs? 24) Many of the double replacement reactions above produce a precipitate. What is a precipitate? 25) Compounds that usually form precipitates have (OH) -, Ag +, or (SO4) -2 in them. Identify the number of 5 reactions above that are double replacement AND form a precipitate with these ions. 26) What do we call the numbers that are used to balance a chemical equation? 27) Reaction #11 above is performed in a test tube and the tube becomes hot as the reaction progresses. What kind of reaction gives off heat? Name another similar reaction.

9 5 Types of Chemical Equations Chemical Equations A + B AB ABC AB + C M+XY MY+X AB + CD AD + CB Positive element goes 1 st C x H y +O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O

Chemical Equations Broughton High School Synthesis Decomposition Single Double Replacement Replacement A + B AB ABC AB + C M+XY MY+X AB + CD

have 2 or more reactants Ex: 2H 2 O 2(aq) 2H 2 O(l) +O 2(g) NOTE: Only one reactant But 2 or more products Ex: Zn(s)+HCl(aq) ZnCl 2(aq) +H

3(aq) NOTE: Usually produces a precipitate, a gas, or liquid water Precipitate=solid formed From the reaction of 2 Solutions.

10 Chemical Equations Broughton High School Synthesis Decomposition Single Double Replacement Replacement A + B AB ABC AB + C M+XY MY+X AB + CD AD + CB Positive element goes 1 st Combustion C x H y +O 2 CO 2 +H 2 O Ex: 2Fe(s)+3O 2(g) Fe 2 O 3(s) NOTE: Only one Product- - but it can have 2 or more reactants Ex: 2H 2 O 2(aq) 2H 2 O(l) +O 2(g) NOTE: Only one reactant But 2 or more products Ex: Zn(s)+HCl(aq) ZnCl 2(aq) +H 2(g) NOTE: A single element Reacts with a Compound the single element can be a metal or a nonmetal Ex: Pb(NO 3 ) 2(aq) +KI(aq) PbI 2(s) +KNO 3(aq) NOTE: Usually produces a precipitate, a gas, or liquid water Precipitate=solid formed From the reaction of 2 Solutions. Ex: C 2 H 4 (g) +3 O 2 (g) 2 CO 2 (g)+2 H 2 O(l) NOTE: Always forms CO 2 and Water Burning a hydrocarbon with formula C x H y in air causes it to react with oxygen

Cloud Chamber 6. Critical Mass 7. Gamma Ray 8. Geiger Counter 9. Half-Life 10.

12 Chapter 18 Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions Vocabulary Words 1. Alpha Particle 2. Beta Particle 3. Bubble Chamber 4. Chain Reaction 5. Cloud Chamber 6. Critical Mass 7. Gamma Ray 8. Geiger Counter 9. Half-Life 10. Nuclear Fission 11. Nuclear Fission 12. Radioactivity 13. Strong Force 14. Tracer 15. Transmutation

13 Radioactive Decay Broughton High School

BALANCING EQUATIONS NOTES

BALANCING EQUATIONS NOTES WHY DO WE NEED TO BALANCE CHEMICAL EQUATIONS? The LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS says that matter cannot be created or destroyed. In other words, you cannot end up with any more