HONORS CHEMISTRY THE LIMITING REACTANT JOB S METHOD OF CONTINUOUS VARIATION
|
|
- George Hardy
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 HONORS CHEMISTRY THE LIMITING REACTANT JOB S METHOD OF CONTINUOUS VARIATION PURPOSE: Determine through stoichiometry which reactant is in excess. Practice data analysis through graphical methods. Confirm the formula of a precipitate. Confirm through lab data the charge on the nickel (II) ion and the hydroxide ion. Develop skills for determining the mole fraction for ions in solution. DISCUSSION: Job s Method of Continuous Variation keeps the total number of moles of reactants constant throughout a series of mixtures of reactants. The fraction of the moles of the reactants, however, are varied from one mixture to another. We will systemically decrease the amount of one reactant and increase the amount of the other. Because the maximum change will occur when the mole fraction of the reactants is closest to the actual stoichiometric mole ratio, both the formula of the product and the reactant stoichiometry can be determined by using this approach. The above paragraph really sounds complicated! It s really not that bad once we consider how we are going to do it. Both solutions, NiCl 2 and NaOH, will be the same concentration. We will keep the total volume constant when we mix the two but change the amount of NiCl 2 and the NaOH as we go from one sample to another. There are several ways to use this method that are valid. To conserve time, however, we will concentrate on only one of these methods. Today, we will be looking at the intensity of the color of the superannuate liquid. We would have a little trouble telling the intensity the color of the mixtures if we just try to tell using the detectors that are on either side of our nose. We are going to get some help using an instrument called a spectrophotometer. That instrument is just a fancy way of measuring the intensity of a light source. You know RT, he has to tell you a bit about the way that instrument works. The spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures a fraction (I/I o ). Oh boy! With the ratio we are comparing the intensity of two light beams. I o is how bright the light beam is that is going into the sample and I tells us how bright the beam is that leaves the sample. Remember, white light is a mixture of all the colors of the spectrum. If you look at red Gator Aid, it only makes sense that certain colors are filtered out by that liquid. Let s keep thinking about the Gator Aid. If you have a 2 gallon container of it, that amount of liquid will appear darker in color than a juice glass of it. How much of the solution the light passes through affect the amount of light absorbed. There is another factor that we need to consider. If you take two juice glasses of our Gator Aid but one is half water and the other is full strength, the colors will be different. These ideas now become exciting to a chemist! The amount of light absorbed depends upon: 1) the concentration of the sample (How much water has been used to dilute it.) 2) The path length of the light through the sample (Are we talking 2 gallons or a juice glass?) and 3) the wavelength of the light (the color of the light). If we hold the amount of sample and the wavelength constant, we can play with our ratio of I/I o, and find a mathematical relationship to concentration. The spectrophotometer is our handy tool that will helps us find that relationship. We will use small test tubes called cuvettes. They are made so that the light will pass through the same thickness of solution. The spectrophotometer will sort out the color of light we want and will tell us how intense the light is that is passing through our 55
2 sample. We now have information that will allow us to find the concentration of our solutions. How cool is that! Let s collect some data! PRE-LAB QUESITONS: 1) How much precipitate will you get if only nickel (II) chloride or sodium hydroxide are used? 2) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that will take place between Nickel (II) chloride and sodium hydroxide in this lab. 3) What is the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide and Nickel (II) chloride taken from the equation? 4) If you are given the molar concentration of a solution and the volume of that solution that you used, how would you find the moles of solute that you measured out? 5) Set up a Data Table #1. It needs to include the following columns: Test Tube #, Volume of NiCl 2, Moles of NiCl 2, Volume of NaOH, Moles of NaOH, Mole ratio,, Color of superannuate liquid/observations. This data table need to have 17 rows for data. If you format the table in the landscape arrangement, it may work well. 6) Think of our red Gator Aid again. Also think of the visible spectrum, ROYGBIV. Which colors are being filtered out? Which colors can pass through the Gator Aid? PROCEDURE: Day #1 1) Collect sixteen 13X125 mm test tubes. Make sure they are clean and dry. 2) Use a sharpie and number your test tubes. Do not write on the white painted label of the test tube! 3) RT will have 4 burettes that contain sodium hydroxide and 4 that contain copper (II) sulfate. Take you set of test tubes and fill them according to the chart below. This chart will be Data Table #2 since you are collecting the absorbances on it. Make sure you follow the instructions given in the pre-lab discussion about the use of burettes. Test Tube # ml of NaOH ml of NiCl 2 Absorbance
3 Blank Distilled water 4) You will notice burettes located on lab tables #3 & 4 and #7 & 8. The burettes on table #3 & 4 contain the NiCl 2 solution and the burettes on table #7 & 8 contain the sodium hydroxide solution. 5) Go to both tables and measure out your assigned amount of the two chemicals. Make sure you record the starting and final reading from the burette. Also remember to record the molar concentration of the NiCl 2 solution and the sodium hydroxide solution. The concentration will be listed on the supply bottle at the appropriate table. 6) After you have both solutions in the test tubes, stopper each of them and then mix them thoroughly. 7) Set your test tubes in a 600 to 1000 ml beaker. Make sure that you wrote your name on the outside of the beaker with a sharpie. 8) Set the beaker and your test tubes on the side board of the lab so that they are out of the way. We will observe them some more tomorrow. Day #2 9) Retrieve your test tubes. DO NOT DISTURB THEM! We want a clear liquid with which to work! 10) Obtain 17 cuvettes. In the next step, you are going to number them. Make sure you write on the frosted side of the cuvettes. 11) Number your cuvettes 1 16 with a sharpie. Put a B on the last cuvette for the blank. 12) Using a different transfer pipette for each test tube, transfer solution form test tube #1 to cuvette #1. Fill the cuvette ~ 2/3 full. You didn t get any solid in the cuvette did you? 13) Repeat step #12 for the remainder of the test tubes and cuvettes. 14) Take your turn at the spectrophotometer, and read the absorbances for each of your cuvettes. Record the absorbances in your data table. You will be taking the reading for the wavelength that shows the greatest absorbance. Make sure you record that wavelength also. 15) When you have completed reading all your absorbances, you are ready to clean up your lab area. 16) Empty all the cuvettes that contain a colored solution into the waist container. The uncolored solutions from the cuvettes can be emptied into the sink. Rinse all the cuvettes at least 3 times 57
4 with distilled water. Use alcohol to remove the numbers from the cuvettes. Invert them onto a paper towel to dry. 17) Empty all of your test tubes into the waist container. Scrub them with soap and water, rinse with tap water and finally with distilled water. Invert them onto a paper towel to dry. 18) Make sure your work area has been tidied up. QUESTIONS AND CALCULATIONS: 7) Pick one of your test tubes #2 16. For that sample, calculate: A) Moles of NiCl 2. B) Moles of sodium hydroxide. C) Mole ratio. 8) Use your data to generate a graph. The graph will be the absorbance of the solution vs. ml of sodium hydroxide. Trim it to go into your lab book. 9) Your graphed data should indicate two lines. Draw both lines of best fit and extend them until they intersect. 10) Draw a box around the point of intersection of your two lines of best fit. Drop a perpendicular line from that box to the X-axis on your graph. What is the ml of NaOH at that point? 11) For the point you found in question #10 determine: A) the ml of NaOH B) moles of NaOH C) ml of NiCl 2 D) moles of NiCl 2 E) mole ratio of 12) Look back at question #3. How does that ratio compare to the ratio you got in #11E? 13) Copy the ratio form 11E again. (RT knows it sounds like busy work, but there will be a point!) Now, lightly cross out the chloride and the sodium ion in the units of that ratio. So what should be the ratio of the hydroxide ion to the nickel (II) ion? 14) Now consider your answer to question #13. If you assume that the charge on the hydroxide ion is 1-, what must be the charge on the copper (II) ion? 15) Does your experimental formula for nickel (II) hydroxide agree with the formula for that compound you would write from its name? Stoichiometry part of the lab: 16) Consider the solutions that gave you the negative slope on the graph. A) What color was the superannuate liquid? B) Which ion, nickel (II) or the hydroxide ion was in excess? 17) Consider the solutions that generated the line with a 0 slope on the graph. A) What color was the superannuate liquid? B) Which ion, nickel (II) or the hydroxide ion was in excess? 58
5 18) Look back at the balanced equation for this reaction. A) What is the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to nickel (II) chloride? (This will be called the theoretical mole ratio.) B) What was the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to nickel (II) chloride for the samples that gave you the negative slope on your graph? (These ratios will be called the actual mole ratios.) C) What was the mole ratio of sodium hydroxide to nickel (II) chloride for the samples that gave you the 0 slope on your graph? (These ratios will be called the actual mole ratios.) D) Write a sentence or two describing how you would use the information in 18 A 18 C to help you predict which reactant would limit the reaction. Source: Laboratory Investigations: AP Chemistry, by Hostage & Fossett, 2006Peoples Education, Inc This is a picture of a spectrophotometer the RT used in college! They are still good instruments; show but precise! 59
Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method
Rate law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Using the Isolation Method Introduction A common challenge in chemical kinetics is to determine the rate law for a reaction with multiple reactants.
More informationChemical Kinetics: Integrated Rate Laws. ** updated Procedure for Spec 200 use **
Chemical Kinetics: Integrated Rate Laws ** updated Procedure for Spec 200 use ** *DISCLAIMER: It is highly recommended that students bring in their own computers to lab this week to use excel. There may
More informationDetermination of the Rate of a Reaction, Its Order, and Its Activation Energy
Determination of the Rate of a Reaction, Its Order, and Its Activation Energy Reaction kinetics is defined as the study of the rates of chemical reactions and their mechanisms. Reaction rate is simply
More informationDETERMINATION OF K c FOR AN EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM
DETERMINATION OF K c FOR AN EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM 1 Purpose: To determine the equilibrium constant K c for an equilibrium system using spectrophotometry to measure the concentration of a colored complex ion.
More informationChemistry 213. A KINETIC STUDY: REACTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH NaOH LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Chemistry 213 A KINETIC STUDY: REACTION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET WITH NaOH The objectives of this experiment are to... LEARNING OBJECTIVES study the reaction rate of crystal violet with NaOH using a Spectronic
More informationCH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part C
CH 112 Special Assignment #4 Chemistry to Dye for: Part C PRE-LAB ASSIGNMENT: Make sure that you read this handout and bring the essentials to lab with you. Review Light, energy and color (pp 17-18), Measuring
More informationExperiment 13I THE REACTION OF RED FOOD COLOR WITH BLEACH 1
Experiment 13I FV 1/11/16 THE REACTION OF RED FOOD COLOR WITH BLEACH 1 PROBLEM: Determine the rate law for the chemical reaction between FD&C Red Dye #3 and sodium hypochlorite. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By
More informationExperiment 18 - Absorption Spectroscopy and Beer s Law: Analysis of Cu 2+
Experiment 18 - Absorption Spectroscopy and Beer s Law: Analysis of Cu 2+ Many substances absorb light. When light is absorbed, electrons in the ground state are excited to higher energy levels. Colored
More informationExperiment 13H THE REACTION OF RED FOOD COLOR WITH BLEACH 1
Experiment 13H 08/03/2017 AHRM THE REACTION OF RED FOOD COLOR WITH BLEACH 1 PROBLEM: Determine the rate law for the chemical reaction between FD&C Red Dye #3 and sodium hypochlorite. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
More informationAP CHEMISTRY LAB RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS (II)
PURPOSE: Observe a redox reaction. AP CHEMISTRY LAB RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS (II) Apply graphing techniques to analyze data. Practice computer skills to develop a data table. Determine the order of
More informationSkill Building Activity 2 Determining the Concentration of a Species using a Vernier Spectrometer
Skill Building Activity 2 Determining the Concentration of a Species using a Vernier Spectrometer Purpose To use spectroscopy to prepare a Beer s Law plot of known dilutions of copper(ii) sulfate so that
More informationAP Chemistry Laboratory #15: Reaction Rate of Crystal Violet and Sodium Hydroxide. Lab days: Thursday and Friday, February 1-2, 2018
AP Chemistry Laboratory #15: Reaction Rate of Crystal Violet and Sodium Hydroxide Lab days: Thursday and Friday, February 1-2, 2018 Lab due: TBD Goal (list in your lab book): The goal of this lab is to
More informationName: Date: AP Chemistry. Titrations - Volumetric Analysis. Steps for Solving Titration Problems
Name: Date: AP Chemistry Titrations - Volumetric Analysis Term Volumetric analysis Burette Pipette titrate titre aliquot end point equivalence point indicator primary standard standardisation secondary
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore
Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Using a Buret and Volumetric Flask: 2.06 ml of solution delivered 2.47 ml of solution delivered 50.00 ml Volumetric Flask Reading a buret: Burets are
More informationIn this laboratory exercise we will determine the percentage Acetic Acid (CH 3 CO 2 H) in Vinegar.
The titration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar In this laboratory exercise we will determine the percentage Acetic Acid (CH CO H) in Vinegar. We will do this by Titrating the Acetic Acid present with a Strong
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore
Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Using a Buret and Volumetric Flask: 2.06 ml of solution 2.47 ml of solution 50.00 ml delivered delivered Volumetric Flask Reading a buret: Burets are
More informationCHEM 334 Quantitative Analysis Laboratory
The Methods of Calibration Curve and Standard Addition Introduction One of the principle activities in the Quantitative Analysis Laboratory is the measurement of the concentration or total quantity of
More informationPOGIL LAB EXERCISE 15 HOW DO YOU STANDARDIZE AN ACID AND BASE?
POGIL LAB EXERCISE 15 HOW DO YOU STANDARDIZE AN ACID AND BASE? POGIL LAB 15 Page 1 of 10 Each member should assume his or her role at this time. The new manager takes charge of the POGIL folder and hands
More informationExp 03 - Reaction Rate
GENERAL CHEMISTRY II CAÑADA COLLEGE SUMMER 2018 Exp 03 - Reaction Rate How the speed at which quantities change during a chemical reaction can be measured, predicted and used to understand the mechanism
More informationSolubility Product Constants
Solubility Product Constants PURPOSE To measure the solubility product constant (K sp ) of copper (II) iodate, Cu(IO 3 ) 2. GOALS To measure the molar solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in water. To
More informationRate Law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction. Evaluation copy
Rate Law Determination of the Crystal Violet Reaction Computer 30 In this experiment, you will observe the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. One objective is to study the relationship
More informationKinetics of Crystal Violet Bleaching
Kinetics of Crystal Violet Bleaching Authors: V. C. Dew and J. M. McCormick* From Update March 12, 2013 with revisions Nov. 29, 2016 Introduction Chemists are always interested in whether a chemical reaction
More informationBy contrast, solubility equilibrium reactions are written from the perspective of the solid reactant dissolving into ions
LAD F.2 (pg 1 of 8) Ksp Solubility Product for Calcium Hydroxide Name Per Introduction Most solubility equilibrium investigated in this course involve ionic compounds as opposed to molecular compounds.
More informationReaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid
Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid Your Name: Date: Partner(s): Objectives: React magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid, collecting the hydrogen over water. Calculate the grams of hydrogen produced
More informationWestern Carolina University. Chem 132 Lab 04 Introduction to Physical Changes and Chemical Reactions Introduction
Chem 132 Lab 04 Introduction to Physical Changes and Chemical Reactions Introduction This lab serves as an introduction to physical changes. Physical changes involve a change in the form of matter without
More informationof the ferric thiocyanate. This was done by creating the solutions and putting them into a
Introduction: The equation of the reaction is Fe 3+ (aq) + SCN - (aq) Fe(NCS) 2+ (aq). The objective of this lab was to determine the equilibrium constant (K) for the formation of the ferric thiocyanate.
More informationChemistry 1210 Quantitative Determination of a Two-Component System
Chemistry 1210 Quantitative Determination of a Two-Component System Date: Name: OBJECT: PROCEDURE: The objective of this experiment is to quantitatively determine the composition of a two-component system
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore
Absorbance Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction The goal of this lab is to determine the unknown concentration of two different copper solution samples, taken from fictitious
More informationAcid-Base Titrations
Chem 1252, General Chemistry I Lab Johnson Acid-Base Titrations Introduction Titration is a convenient quantitative method for accurately determining unknown concentrations of solutions. A necessary requirement
More informationDetermination of an Equilibrium Constant Minneapolis Community and Technical College Principles of Chemistry II, C1152 v.1.16
Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Minneapolis Community and Technical College Principles of Chemistry II, C1152 v.1.16 I. Introduction Equilibrium Consider the following situation: It is rush hour
More informationSpectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant
Spectrophotometric Determination of an Equilibrium Constant v021214 Objective To determine the equilibrium constant (K c ) for the reaction of iron (III) ion with thiocyanate (SCN - ) to form the thiocyanatoiron(iii)
More informationIntroduction. Concepts Kinetics Order of reaction Reaction rate Colorimetry. Background
Introduction Phenolphthalein is a dye that is used as an acid-base indicator. It is colorless in acidic or neutral solutions and turns bright red-violet (fuschia) as the solution becomes basic. In strongly
More informationThe Eight Solution Problem Exploring Reactions of Aqueous Ionic Compounds
The Eight Solution Problem Exploring Reactions of Aqueous Ionic Compounds About this Lesson This activity allows students to mix a variety of known ionic solutions while making careful observations. After
More informationDetermining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law. Evaluation copy. Figure 1
Determining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law Computer 17 The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the concentration of an unknown copper (II) sulfate solution. You will use a
More informationExperiment 7. Determining the Rate Law and Activation Energy for the Reaction of Crystal Violet with Hydroxide Ion
Experiment 7. Determining the Rate Law and Activation Energy for the Reaction of Introduction In this experiment, you will observe the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. Crystal violet
More informationLimiting Reactants Lab
Name: Teacher s Name: Class: Block: Date: Partners: Limiting Reactants Lab Purpose: Through experimentation, determine the limiting reactant and the percent yield in a chemical reaction that generates
More informationRATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION
Rate Law Determination of Crystal Violet Hydroxylation Revised 5/22/12 RATE LAW DETERMINATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET HYDROXYLATION Adapted from "Chemistry with Computers" Vernier Software, Portland OR, 1997
More informationph and Titrations Lesson Created by: Length of lesson: Description of the class: Name of course: Grade level: Honors or regular:
and Titrations Lesson Created by: Lauryn Atwood Length of lesson: 1 week Description of the class: Heterogeneous Name of course: Chemistry Grade level: 10-12 Honors or regular: Regular Source of the lesson:
More informationExperiment 7A ANALYSIS OF BRASS
Experiment 7A ANALYSIS OF BRASS FV 10/21/10 MATERIALS: Spectronic 20 spectrophotometers, 2 cuvettes, brass sample, 7 M HNO 3, 0.100 M CuSO 4, 2 M NH 3, two 50 ml beakers, 100 ml beaker, two 25 ml volumetric
More informationExperiment 11 Beer s Law
Experiment 11 Beer s Law OUTCOMES After completing this experiment, the student should be able to: determine the wavelength (color) of maximum absorbance for a solution. examine the relationship between
More information(b) Write the chemical equation for the dissolution of NaOH in water.
Making a Solution and Measuring ph Prelab Assignment Read the entire lab. Write an objective and any hazards associated with this lab in your laboratory notebook. Answer the following 6 questions in your
More informationMolarity of Acetic Acid in Vinegar A Titration Experiment
Molarity of Acetic Acid in Vinegar A Titration Experiment Introduction Vinegar is prepared commercially in two steps, both requiring microorganisms. The first step is the production of ethyl alcohol, C
More informationPDFMAILER.COM Print and send PDF files as s with any application, ad-sponsored and free of charge Activity # 14.
Activity # 14 Name Purpose Date Date due Activities 10c and 10d - Performing More Examples of Chemical Reactions To perform a number of different chemical reactions, determine what the reactants and products
More informationClassifying Chemical Reactions: Lab Directions
Classifying Chemical Reactions: Lab Directions Please Return Background: The power of chemical reactions to transform our lives is visible all around us in our homes, in our cars, even in our bodies. Chemists
More informationLimiting Reagent. Introduction
Limiting Reagent Introduction The concept of the limiting reagent can be demonstrated by an analogy: Jerry works in the Purchasing Department at a specialty car manufacturing plant in Detroit. The plant
More informationSupernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs.
Limiting Reagent Introduction The quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction represented by a balanced equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. Solution stoichiometry is
More informationCHM 152 updated May 2011 Lab 6: Experimentally Determining an Equilibrium Constant using Spectrophotometry
CHM 152 updated May 2011 Lab 6: Experimentally Determining an Equilibrium Constant using Spectrophotometry Introduction In this lab you will experimentally determine the equilibrium constant with respect
More informationExperimental Procedure Lab 402
Experimental Procedure Lab 402 Overview One set of solutions having known molar concentrations of FeNCS 2+ is prepared for a calibration curve, a plot of absorbance versus concentration. A second set of
More informationExperiment#1 Beer s Law: Absorption Spectroscopy of Cobalt(II)
: Absorption Spectroscopy of Cobalt(II) OBJECTIVES In successfully completing this lab you will: prepare a stock solution using a volumetric flask; use a UV/Visible spectrometer to measure an absorption
More informationDrinking water is allowed to contain up to 1.3 parts per million of copper (by mass) and be considered safe. What does parts per million (ppm) mean?
E One in a Million Drinking water is allowed to contain up to 1. parts per million of copper (by mass) and be considered safe. What does parts per million (ppm) mean? Living things and the environment
More informationDetermining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law
Determining the Concentration of a Solution: Beer s Law Vernier Spectrometer 1 The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the concentration of an unknown copper (II) sulfate solution. You
More informationTitration Curves. What is in the beaker at each stage of a titration? Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C Beaker D. 20 ml NaOH Added
Why? Titration Curves What is in the beaker at each stage of a titration? Titration is a very useful technique for determining the properties of an unknown solution. The unknown is reacted with a known
More informationExperiment 7: ACID-BASE TITRATION: STANDARDIZATION OF A SOLUTION
Experiment 7: ACID-BASE TITRATION: STANDARDIZATION OF A SOLUTION Purpose: Determine molarity of a solution of unknown concentration by performing acid-base titrations Performance Goals: Apply the concepts
More informationBellevue College CHEM& 121 Experiment: Stoichiometric Analysis of an Antacid 1
Experiment: Stoichiometric Analysis of an Antacid 1 Introduction In this lab, you will use the concept of stoichiometry to solve two sequential problems. First, you will try to determine the products of
More informationWestern Carolina University
CHEM 132 Lab 03 Chemistry 132 Lab 03 Flame Test and Electron Configuration Prelaboratory Exercise Go to Chem21Labs.com and complete the on-line prelab by answering the questions below. The prelab will
More informationChemistry 118 Laboratory University of Massachusetts Boston Beer s Law
Name: LEARNING GOALS: Chemistry 118 Laboratory University of Massachusetts Boston Beer s Law 1. Become familiar with the concept of concentration and molarity. 2. Become familiar with making dilutions
More informationReaction Stoichiometry
Reaction Stoichiometry PURPOSE To determine the stoichiometry of acid-base reactions by measuring temperature changes which accompany them. GOALS To learn to use the MicroLab Interface. To practice generating
More informationDetermination of an Equilibrium Constant
Last updated 1/29/2014 - GES Learning Objectives Students will be able to: Determine the numerical value of an equilibrium constant from measured concentrations of all reaction species. Use an absorption
More informationBeer s Law 29 January 2019
Beer s Law 29 January 2019 I like blue. Today we are going to learn a lot! about beer??? Objectives: To learn more about the visible spectrum of a colored solution and how concentration and color intensity
More informationThe Determination of an Equilibrium Constant
The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Calculator 10 Chemical reactions occur to reach a state of equilibrium. The equilibrium state can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium
More informationExperiment 11 Beer s Law
Experiment 11 Beer s Law OUTCOMES After completing this experiment, the student should be able to: determine the wavelength (color) of maximum absorbance for a solution. examine the relationship between
More informationLowell High School AP Chemistry Spring 2009 REACTION KINETICS EXPERIMENT
Lowell High School AP Chemistry Spring 2009 REACTION KINETICS EXPERIMENT Complete the following for Pre-Lab on a clean sheet of paper: (1) In your own words, explain the following: a. why the I 2 concentration
More informationExperiment 20-Acid-Base Titration: Standardization of KOH and Determination of the Molarity and/or Percent Composition of an Acid Solution
Experiment 20-Acid-Base Titration: Standardization of KOH and Determination of the Molarity and/or Percent Composition of an Acid Solution In this experiment, you will determine the molarity and percent
More information6.1- Chemical vs. Physical - Pre-Lab Questions
6.1- Chemical vs. Physical - Pre-Lab Questions Name: Instructor: Date: Section/Group: 1. Using the procedures for each station provided as a guide, predict which properties you will be looking for in each
More informationEXPERIMENT. Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction
EXPERIMENT Stoichiometry of a Precipitation Reaction Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0201-00-02 Review the safety materials and wear goggles when working with chemicals. Read the entire exercise before
More informationSupernatant: The liquid layer lying above the solid layer after a precipitation reaction occurs.
Limiting Reagent Introduction The quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction represented by a balanced equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. Solution stoichiometry is
More informationExercise 6: Determination of Hardness of Water
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, CHC014011L Exercise 6: Determination of Hardness of Water Introduction: Hardness in water is generally caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium carbonates
More informationaa + bb cc + dd Equation 1
Experiment: The Determination of K eq for FeSCN 2+ Introduction For any reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium, the concentrations of all reactants and products are constant or stable. There is no
More informationLab 5: Calculating an equilibrium constant
Chemistry 162 The following write-up is inaccurate for the particular chemicals we are using. Please have all sections up through and including the data tables ready before class on Wednesday, February
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore
Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Introduction The goal of this lab is to determine the unknown concentration of two different copper solution samples, taken from fictitious mining sites
More informationTo understand concept of limiting reagents. To learn how to do a vacuum filtration. To understand the concept of recrystallization.
E x p e r i m e n t Synthesis of Aspirin Experiment : http://genchemlab.wordpress.com/-aspirin/ objectives To synthesize aspirin. To understand concept of limiting reagents. To determine percent yield.
More informationIntroduction. The amount of radiation absorbed may be measured in a number of ways: Transmittance, T = P / P 0 % Transmittance, %T = 100 T
Introduction Many compounds absorb ultraviolet (UV) or visible (Vis.) light. The diagram below shows a beam of monochromatic radiation of radiant power P 0, directed at a sample solution. Absorption takes
More informationExperiment #7. Determination of an Equilibrium Constant
Experiment #7. Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Introduction It is frequently assumed that reactions go to completion, that all of the reactants are converted into products. Most chemical reactions
More informationExperiment 13. Dilutions and Data Handling in a Spreadsheet rev 1/2013
Absorbance Experiment 13 Dilutions and Data Handling in a Spreadsheet rev 1/2013 GOAL: This lab experiment will provide practice in making dilutions using pipets and introduce basic spreadsheet skills
More informationTo see how this data can be used, follow the titration of hydrofluoric acid against sodium hydroxide:
Weak Acid Titration v010516 You are encouraged to carefully read the following sections in Tro (3 rd ed.) to prepare for this experiment: Sec 4.8, pp 168-174 (Acid/Base Titrations), Sec 16.4, pp 769-783
More informationDetermination of an Equilibrium Constant
7 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Introduction When chemical substances react, the reaction typically does not go to completion. Rather, the system goes to some intermediate state in which the
More informationPOGIL EXERCISE 16 Concentration Terms and There Use
RUN TIME = 80 MIN POGIL 16 Page 1 of 10 POGIL EXERCISE 16 Concentration Terms and There Use Each member should locate his/her role in Table 1 and assume his or her role at this time. The new manager takes
More informationFlushing Out the Moles in Lab: The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts
Flushing Out the Moles in Lab: The Reaction of Calcium Chloride with Carbonate Salts Pre-lab Assignment: Reading: 1. Chapter sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.7 and 4.2 in your course text. 2. This lab handout. Questions:
More informationKAKAMEGA NORTH SUBCOUNTY JOINT EXAMINATIONS KCSE TRIAL 2018
1 Name:... Index No:. Candidate s signature Date KAKAMEGA NORTH SUBCOUNTY JOINT EXAMINATIONS KCSE TRIAL 2018 233/3 CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 (Practical) JULY 2018 2¼ Hours INSTRUCTIONS: Write your name and index
More informationKa Acid Dissociation Constant Minneapolis Community and Technical College Principles of Chemistry II, C1152 v.1.16
Ka Acid Dissociation Constant Minneapolis Community and Technical College Principles of Chemistry II, C1152 v.1.16 I. Introduction Monoprotic acetic acid, CH 3 COOH is sometimes written as HCH 3 COO, HC
More information1. Making salt an introduction to some basic techniques Student Sheet
Teaching AS Chemistry Practical Skills 1. Making salt an introduction to some basic techniques Student Sheet This practical is intended to help you become confident in some of the skills you may have used
More informationCHM112 Lab Iodine Clock Reaction Part 2 Grading Rubric
Name Team Name CHM112 Lab Iodine Clock Reaction Part 2 Grading Rubric Criteria Points possible Points earned Lab Performance Printed lab handout and rubric was brought to lab 3 Initial concentrations completed
More informationChemistry 143 Dr. Caddell Laboratory Experiment 1
The Tools of the Trade Equipment You will need a digital thermometer, a liquid thermometer, a 50 ml graduated cylinder, a 10 ml volumetric pipet, a 25 ml burette, a 250 ml beaker, a 150 ml beaker, a glass
More informationAcid-Base Titration Acetic Acid Content of Vinegar
Acid-Base Titration Acetic Acid Content of Vinegar Prelab Assignment Read the entire lab. Write an objective and any hazards associated with this lab in your laboratory notebook. On a separate sheet of
More informationIntroduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore
Introduction to Spectroscopy: Analysis of Copper Ore Thousands of years ago, copper was abundant enough in quantity that it could be found on the Earth s surface. Prospecting for copper then was relatively
More informationD E T E R M I N A T I O N O F K e q L A B
South Pasadena Honors Chemistry Name 8 Equilibrium Period Date D E T E R M I N A T I O N O F K e q L A B Lab Overview In a reversible reaction, equilibrium is the state at which the rates of forward and
More informationChemistry CH3FP Unit Chemistry C3 Written Paper Monday 20 May pm to 2.30 pm For this paper you must have: Time allowed Instructions all
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2013 1 2 Chemistry
More information2 burets (50 ml) Standard solution of NaOH (0.600 M) Phenolphthalein indicator
Name: \[-[L Percentage of Acetic Acid In Vinegar Lab 4-5 INTRODUCTION: The quality of acid in a sample of vinegar may be found by titrating the sample against a standard basic solution. ost commercial
More informationDETERMINATION OF AN EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
DETERMINATION OF AN EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT In this experiment the equilibrium properties of the reaction between the iron(iii) ion and the thiocyanate ion will be studied. The relevant chemical equation
More informationLab #5 - Limiting Reagent
Objective Chesapeake Campus Chemistry 111 Laboratory Lab #5 - Limiting Reagent Use stoichiometry to determine the limiting reactant. Calculate the theoretical yield. Calculate the percent yield of a reaction.
More informationORGANIC SYNTHESIS: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED FISCHER ESTERIFICATION
EXPERIMENT 7 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED FISCHER ESTERIFICATION Materials Needed 1.0-2.0 ml of an alcohol to be chosen from the following: 3-methyl 1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol),
More informationSolution Chemistry: Making Solutions, Reactions, and Solubility
1 Solution Chemistry: Making Solutions, Reactions, and Solubility ORGANIZATION Mode: laboratory, groups of 4 Grading: goggles, closed-toe shoes, appropriate attire Safety: lab report, individual, due at
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry
More informationChemical Equilibrium: Finding a Constant, Kc
Chemical Equilibrium: Finding a Constant, Kc Computer 20 The purpose of this lab is to experimentally determine the equilibrium constant, K c, for the following chemical reaction: Fe 3+ (aq) + SCN (aq)
More informationChemical Reactions: The Copper Cycle
1 Chemical Reactions: The Copper Cycle ORGANIZATION Mode: pairs assigned by instructor Grading: lab notes, lab performance and post-lab report Safety: Goggles, closed-toe shoes, lab coat, long pants/skirts
More informationEXPERIMENT A4: PRECIPITATION REACTION AND THE LIMITING REAGENT. Learning Outcomes. Introduction
1 EXPERIMENT A4: PRECIPITATION REACTION AND THE LIMITING REAGENT Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this lab, the student will be able to: 1) Demonstrate the formation of a precipitate in a chemical
More informationAcid-Base Titration Lab
Acid-Base Titration Lab Name Objectives: - To apply knowledge of molarity to properly dilute a concentrated base - To apply knowledge of solution stoichiometry in order to correctly determine the unknown
More informationAqueous Balance: Equilibrium
Activity 4 Aqueous Balance: Equilibrium GOALS In this activity you will: Determine ph and understand its meaning. Learn the basic principles behind equilibrium and the law of mass action. Calculate a solubility
More informationTRANS-NZOIA COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION EXAMINATION-2014 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
NAME.. INDEX NO... SCHOOL CANDIDATE S SIGNATURE.... 233/3 CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL) JULY/AUGUST, 2014 TIME: 2¼ HOURS DATE. TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION EXAMINATION-2014 Kenya Certificate of
More informationAdvanced Unit 7: Chemistry Practical Examination (SET A) Candidates must have: Scientific calculator Ruler
Write your name here Surname Other names Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level Centre Number Candidate Number Chemistry Advanced Unit 7: Chemistry Practical Examination (SET A) Monday 8 May 2017
More information