Quadrupole Storage Mass Spectrometry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Quadrupole Storage Mass Spectrometry"

Transcription

1 Quadrupole Storage Mass Spectrometry RAYMOND E. MARCH AND RICHARD J. HUGHES Trent University Peterborough, Ontario, Canada with a historical review by John F. J. Tbdd University of Kent Canterbury, Kent, England WILEY A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS New York / Chichester / Brisbane / Toronto / Singapore

2 CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP /. F. J. Todd 1 Introduction Principles of Operation 2 l.ii. Utilization of the Quadrupole Ion Trap 6 (i) Mass-Selective Modes of Operation 6 (a) Mass-Selective Detection, 6 (b) Mass-Selective Storage, 13 (ii) Ion Loss Processes 16 (a) Unstable Trajectories, 17 (b) Interactions, 17 (c) Nonlinear Resonances, 21 (d) Self-Emptying, The QUISTOR-Quadrupole Combination 22 l.iv. Theoretical Aspects of Ion Trap Operation 25 I.V. Research Activities with the Quadrupole Ion Trap 28 l.vi. Mass-Selective Ejection 30 CHAPTER 2. THEORY OF QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY 31 Introduction Introduction to the Mathieu Equation 31 2.II. Stability Diagrams 37 2.III. The Complete Solution to the Mathieu Equation 39 2.IV. The Quadrupole Mass Filter 41 (i) Development of the Field Equations 42 xni

3 XIV CONTENTS (ii) Quadrupole Mass Filter Stability Diagram 44 (a) Mass Scanning, 47 (b) Resolution, 49 2.V. The Quadrupole Ion Trap (QUISTOR) 52 (i) Development of the Field Equations 52 (ii) Quadrupole Ion Trap Stability Diagrams 56 (a) Operating Modes, 57 (b) Derivation of the Parameters for Modes I, II, and III, 59 (c) Summary, 62 2.VI. Ion Motion in Quadrupole Fields 63 (i) Numerical Methods 63 (ii) Initial Value Problems 65 (iii) Boundary Value Problems 66 (iv) Matrix Methods 70 (v) Calculation of A, B, Cz n, and ß 71 2.VII. Ion Velocities and Kinetic Energies 74 (i) Introduction 74 (ii) Averaging of Trajectories 74 (iii) Psuedo-Potential Well Method 76 (iv) Phase-Space Dynamics 78 2.VIII. Matrix Methods and Phase-Space Dynamics for Modeling the Quadrupole Ion Trap 88 (i) Introduction 88 (ii) Matrix Methods 89 (iii) Phase-Space Dynamics 94 (a) EUiptical Boundaries in Phase-Space, 97 (b) Application to Quadrupole Device Modeling, 104 (iv) Examples of Practical Calculations 105 (a) Ion Transmission Efficiencies, 105 (b) Ion Energetics, 107 (v) Conclusion 110 CHAPTER 3. THE PHYSICS OF THE ION TRAP 111 Introduction 111

4 CONTENTS XV 3.1. Operational Modes of the Ion Trap 111 (i) Total Storage with In Situ Detection 112 (ii) Total Storage with Pulse-Out Analysis 114 (iii) Mass-Selective Storage with Pulse-Out Detection 117 (iv) Total Storage with Mass-Selective (Axial) Injection II. Ion Trajectory Studies 126 (i) Trajectories in Two-Dimensional Quadrupole Fields 126 (ii) Trajectories in Three-Dimensional Quadrupole Fields 137 (iii) A Simulation Study 145 (a) Introduction, 145 (b) Description of the Program, 145 (c) Residts of the Simulation, III. The Ionic Environment 161 (i) Introduction 161 (ii) An Introduction to Temporal Invariance 164 (iii) Space-Charge Effects 166 (iv) Temporal Invariance Formalism 168 (a) The Evolution of Statistical Properties in the Presence of Space Charge for a Specific Working Condition, 171 (b) Influence of the Drive Frequency on Space-Charge Phenomena, 175 (c) Inf luence of the Working Point, 175 (d) Influence of the Parameter q, 176 (e) Influence of the Parameters ß x,ß z, 176 (f) Summary, IV. QUISTOR Resonant Excitation (QRE) 183 (i) Ionic Oscillations in the Ion Trap 183 (ii) QRE and the Argon System 186 (iii) Resonant Excitation and the Ion Chemistry of 2-Propanol 188 (iv) The Investigation of Space Charge within the Trap V. Sample Calculations 196

5 XVI CONTENTS CHAPTER 4. CHEMISTRY IN THE QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP 209 Introduction Bimolecular Processes II. Proton Affinity Determination 217 (i) Experimental 218 (ii) Ketene 219 (iii) Diacetone Alcohol 220 (iv) Mesityl Oxide 221 (v) Isopropyl Acetate III. Spectroscopy of Gaseous Ions IV. Photochemistry of Gaseous Ions 224 (i) QUISTOR Photodissociation Studies 224 (ii) 2-Propanol 227 (a) Verification ofreaction Pathways, 232 (b) Isotopic Analogues of 2-Propanol, 234 (c) Structure of m/z 79: (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH H + OH 2, 235 (d) Ion Relaxation, 236 (iii) Mixed Associative Ions 239 (iv) IRMPD of Sulfur-Containing Ions 239 (a) Ethanethiol, 239 (b) 1-Propanethiol and 2-Propanethiol, 240 (c) 2-Hydroxyethanethiol, 241 (v) Isomer Differentiation by Multiphoton Dissociation 241 (vi) Photodissociation Rates 245 (vii) Wavelength Dependence of IRMPD V. Photodissociation Using a Fiber-Optic Interface VI. Confinement of Ions Injected into a Quadrupole Ion Trap 258 (i) Ion Injection with Delayed Trapping Potential under Collision-Free Conditions 260 (a) Pidsed Ion Injection, 260 (b) Concentric Ion Beam Injection, 264 (c) Pulsed Ion Injection with Interparticle Interactions, 265

6 CONTENTS xvn (ii) Ion Injection with Continuous Trapping Potential under Collision-Free Conditions 265 (iii) Ion Injection with Continuous Trapping Potential and Collisional Conditions VII. Ejection of Ions Stored in a Quadrupole Ion Trap 269 CHAPTER 5. THE CYLINDRICAL ION TRAP 271 Introduction Theoretical Treatments II. Numerical Analysis 276 (i) Successive Displacement 278 (ii) Overrelaxation 278 (iii) Potential Distributions III. Experimental Ion Storage Traps of Cylindrical Geometry 281 (i) Ion Storage Mass Spectra 282 (ii) Stability Diagram Determination IV. Experimental Stability Diagrams and Mass-Selective Storage Mass Spectra 288 (i) Stability Diagrams 288 (ii) Mass-Selective Storage Mass Spectra 297 (a) Effect of Am Bias, 299 (b) Effect of Storage Time, V. Secular Frequency of Ion Motion VI. Influence of Space Charge on the Maximum Density of Stored Ions VII. Applications of Cylindrical Ion Traps 305 (i) Mechanistic Studies 305 (ii) Metastable Ion Decay Processes 308 (a) Time-Resolved Photoionization Mass Spectrometry, 308 (b) Time-Resolved Cluster Ion Dissociation, 312 (iii) Laser Probing of Trapped Ions VIII. Alternative Geometries for the Radio Frequency Quadrupole Ion Store 315

7 XV1H CONTENTS 5.IX. Ion Trapping Methods X. Conclusion 319 CHAPTER 6. THE FINNIGAN MAT ION TRAP DETECTOR (ITD ) 321 Introduction Ion Trajectory Control II. Ion Trap Detector 323 (i) Gas Chromatography 323 (ii) Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry III. Review of Ion Trap Containment Theory 324 (i) Introduction 324 (ii) Description of the Instrument 325 (iii) Mathieu Equation and Stability Diagram IV. Mass Analysis by Mass-Selective Instability 329 (i) Mass-Selective Instability; Mode of Operation 329 (ii) Effects of Low Molecular Weight Background Gas 331 (iii) Dynamic Range and Detection Limit V. Operating Modes 336 (i) Chemical Ionization Mass Spectral Mode 336 (ii) Tandem Mass Spectrometry 339 (iii) The Ion Trap as a Tandem Mass Spectrometer VI. Automatic Gain Control 344 (i) Mode of Operation 345 (ii) Dynamic Range with Automatic Gain Control VII. Comparisons of the Performance of the Ion Trap Detector 350 (i) Methane Reagent Ion Population 350 (ii) Measurements of Urinary Organic Acids 350 (a) Quantitative Limits, 352 (b) Quantitative Metabolie Profiles, 352

8 CONTENTS XIX (c) Procedure for SmaU Sample Volumes, 354 (d) Conclusion, 357 (iii) Toxicological Application 357 (a) Sensitivity Limits, 357 (b) Sensitivity Comparison, VIII. Miscellaneous Applications 359 (i) Direct Equilibrium Head-Space Analysis with an Ion Trap Detector 359 (ii) Gas Chromatograph-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer-Ion Trap Detector System 360 (iii) Dications in the Ion Trap Detector 361 (iv) Isomer Distinction by Ion/Molecule Reactions 362 (v) Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry with an Ion Trap Detector IX. Conclusion 364 CHAPTER 7. ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER (ITMS ) 365 Introduction Tandem Mass Spectrometric Mode 365 (i) Repetitive Tandem Mass Spectrometry 371 (ii) Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry 372 (iii) Isolation of a Single Ion Species in the Ion Trap 373 (iv) Removal of a Single Ion Species from the Ion Trap 378 (v) Internal Energy Control II. Automatic Reaction Control III. Comparison of Performance 383 (i) Comparisons of the Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with the Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer 383 (a) Collision-Induced Dissociation of Protonated Species, 383 (b) Energy-Resolved Mass Spectra, 384

9 XX CONTENTS (c) Daughter Ion Mass Spectra, 386 (ii) Comparison of the Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer with a Sector Instrument of Reverse Geometry IV. Combined Application of DC and RF Voltages 389 (i) Specific Ion Reactor Mode 390 (ii) Ion Isolation from a Known Environment 391 (iii) Extension of the Mass Range of the Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer V. Fourier Transform Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer VI. Negative Ion Studies in the Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer 398 (i) Introduction 398 (ii) Early Negative Ion Trapping Studies 401 (iii) Negative Ion Storage Studies with an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer 406 (a) Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 408 (b) Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, VII. Conclusion 414 References 415 Bibliography 445 Theses 443 APPENDIX PATENTS ON THE QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP 451 AUTHOR INDEX 457 CHEMICAL INDEX 459 SUBJECT INDEX 463

This is the total charge on an ion divided by the elementary charge (e).

This is the total charge on an ion divided by the elementary charge (e). 12.2 Fundamentals and general terms Accelerator mass spectrometry An ultra-sensitive technique using tandem accelerators employed mainly for the study of long-lived radioisotopes, and stable isotopes at

More information

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY

INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY Edited by AKBAR MONTASER George Washington University Washington, D.C. 20052, USA WILEY-VCH New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto CONTENTS

More information

Mass Analyzers. Principles of the three most common types magnetic sector, quadrupole and time of flight - will be discussed herein.

Mass Analyzers. Principles of the three most common types magnetic sector, quadrupole and time of flight - will be discussed herein. Mass Analyzers After the production of ions in ion sources, the next critical step in mass spectrometry is to separate these gas phase ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Ions are extracted

More information

Ion trap. 3D Quadrupole Trap. -Mass spectrometer -Ion trap (Quadrupol Ion Storage, Quistor) 18. April

Ion trap. 3D Quadrupole Trap. -Mass spectrometer -Ion trap (Quadrupol Ion Storage, Quistor) 18. April Ion trap 3D Quadrupole Trap -Mass spectrometer -Ion trap (Quadrupol Ion Storage, Quistor) 18. April 011 1 The trajectories of the ions can be given: They form Mathieu differential equations: with r + Ion

More information

Mass Analyzers. Ion Trap, FTICR, Orbitrap. CU- Boulder CHEM 5181: Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography. Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez

Mass Analyzers. Ion Trap, FTICR, Orbitrap. CU- Boulder CHEM 5181: Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography. Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez Mass Analyzers Ion Trap, FTICR, Orbitrap CU- Boulder CHEM 5181: Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography Prof. Jose-Luis Jimenez Last Update: Oct. 014 Some slides from Dr. Joel Kimmel (007) MS Interpretation

More information

Types of Analyzers: Quadrupole: mass filter -part1

Types of Analyzers: Quadrupole: mass filter -part1 16 Types of Analyzers: Sector or double focusing: magnetic and electric Time-of-flight (TOF) Quadrupole (mass filter) Linear ion trap Quadrupole Ion Trap (3D trap) FTICR fourier transform ion cyclotron

More information

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 21: MASS SPECTROMETRY CHAPTER 21: Opener 21.0 Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry provides information about 1) The elemental composition of

More information

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry \ ' PETER R. GRIFFITHS Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, California JAMES A. de HASETH Department of Chemistry University of Georgia Athens,

More information

Introduction to the Q Trap LC/MS/MS System

Introduction to the Q Trap LC/MS/MS System www.ietltd.com Proudly serving laboratories worldwide since 1979 CALL +1.847.913.0777 for Refurbished & Certified Lab Equipment ABI Q Trap LC/MS/MS Introduction to the Q Trap LC/MS/MS System The Q Trap

More information

MASS ANALYSER. Mass analysers - separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. sample. Vacuum pumps

MASS ANALYSER. Mass analysers - separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. sample. Vacuum pumps ION ANALYZERS MASS ANALYSER sample Vacuum pumps Mass analysers - separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio MASS ANALYSER Separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio in space

More information

MS/MS .LQGVRI0606([SHULPHQWV

MS/MS .LQGVRI0606([SHULPHQWV 0DVV6SHFWURPHWHUV Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) :KDWLV0606" Mass spectrometers are commonly combined with separation devices such as gas chromatographs (GC) and liquid chromatographs (LC). The GC or

More information

Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry. Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry. Learning Objective. Proteomics

Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry. Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry. Learning Objective. Proteomics Mass spectrometry (MS) is the technique for protein identification and analysis by production of charged molecular species in vacuum, and their separation by magnetic and electric fields based on mass

More information

TANDEM MASS SPECTROSCOPY

TANDEM MASS SPECTROSCOPY TANDEM MASS SPECTROSCOPY 1 MASS SPECTROMETER TYPES OF MASS SPECTROMETER PRINCIPLE TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETER INSTRUMENTATION QUADRAPOLE MASS ANALYZER TRIPLE QUADRAPOLE MASS ANALYZER TIME OF FLIGHT MASS ANALYSER

More information

Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS)

Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) The first steps along the way to FT- ICR-MS date back to the 1930s, when Ernest Lawrence, at the University of California - Berkeley,

More information

MS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications

MS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications MS Goals and Applications 3 Several variations on a theme, three common steps Form gas-phase ions choice of ionization method depends on sample identity and information required Separate ions on basis

More information

Week 5: Fourier Tranform-based Mass Analyzers: FT-ICR and Orbitrap

Week 5: Fourier Tranform-based Mass Analyzers: FT-ICR and Orbitrap Week 5: Fourier Tranform-based Mass Analyzers: FT-ICR and Orbitrap 1 Last Time Mass Analyzers; CAD and TOF mass analyzers: 2 Fourier Transforms A transform is when you change your analytical space without

More information

(Refer Slide Time 00:09) (Refer Slide Time 00:13)

(Refer Slide Time 00:09) (Refer Slide Time 00:13) (Refer Slide Time 00:09) Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomics Professor Sanjeeva Srivastava Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mod 02 Lecture Number 09 (Refer

More information

Accelerator Physics. Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE. Second Edition. S. Y.

Accelerator Physics. Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE. Second Edition. S. Y. Accelerator Physics Second Edition S. Y. Lee Department of Physics, Indiana University Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE Contents Preface Preface

More information

PROTEIN SEQUENCING AND IDENTIFICATION USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

PROTEIN SEQUENCING AND IDENTIFICATION USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY PROTEIN SEQUENCING AND IDENTIFICATION USING TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY Michael Kinter Department of Cell Biology Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Nicholas E. Sherman Department of Microbiology

More information

RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT

RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT RADIATION DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT SECOND EDITION GLENN F. KNOLL Professor of Nuclear Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan WILEY JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto

More information

Mass Spectrometry in MCAL

Mass Spectrometry in MCAL Mass Spectrometry in MCAL Two systems: GC-MS, LC-MS GC seperates small, volatile, non-polar material MS is detection devise (Agilent 320-MS TQ Mass Spectrometer) Full scan monitoring SIM single ion monitoring

More information

PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS

PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS JOHN E. MAHAN Colorado State University A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto CONTENTS

More information

Introduction to GC/MS

Introduction to GC/MS Why Mass Spectrometry? Introduction to GC/MS A powerful analytical technique used to: 1.Identify unknown compounds 2. Quantify known materials down to trace levels 3. Elucidate the structure of molecules

More information

The Aerosol Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (AIMS): Instrument development and first experimental results

The Aerosol Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (AIMS): Instrument development and first experimental results The Aerosol Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (AIMS): Instrument development and first experimental results A. Kürten 1, J. Curtius 1 and S. Borrmann 1,2 1 Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany 2 Max Planck

More information

Chemistry 311: Topic 3 - Mass Spectrometry

Chemistry 311: Topic 3 - Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectroscopy: A technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules and atoms. Often characteristic ions produced by an induced unimolecular dissociation of a molecule are measured. These

More information

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits L. A. COLDREN S. W. CORZINE University of California Santa Barbara, California A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER

More information

Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry

Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry intensity Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry Relative abundance m/z 1 Ethylbenzene experiment CH 2 CH 3 + m/z = 106 CH 2 + m/z = 91 C 8 H 10 MW = 106 CH + m/z = 77 + 2 2 What information can we get from MS spectrum?

More information

GRADUATE COURSE IN MASS SPECTROMETRY: LECTURE 2

GRADUATE COURSE IN MASS SPECTROMETRY: LECTURE 2 DEPARTMENTS OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY GRADUATE COURSE IN MASS SPECTROMETRY: LECTURE 2 Mass Analysers Shabaz Mohammed October 20, 2015 High Vacuum System Turbo pumps Diffusion pumps Rough pumps Rotary

More information

Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry

Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry intensity Lecture 8: Mass Spectrometry Relative abundance m/z 1 Ethylbenzene CH 2 CH 3 + m/z = 106 CH 2 + m/z = 91 C 8 H 10 MW = 106 CH + m/z = 77 + 2 2 What information can be obtained from a MS spectrum?

More information

Huashun Zhang. Ion Sources. With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS. Springer

Huashun Zhang. Ion Sources. With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS. Springer Huashun Zhang Ion Sources With 187 Figures and 26 Tables Э SCIENCE PRESS Springer XI Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Major Applications and Requirements 1 1.2 Performances and Research Subjects 1 1.3 Historical

More information

X-Rays From Laser Plasmas

X-Rays From Laser Plasmas X-Rays From Laser Plasmas Generation and Applications I. C. E. TURCU CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK and J. B. DANCE JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto Contents

More information

MS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications

MS Goals and Applications. MS Goals and Applications MS Goals and Applications 1 Several variations on a theme, three common steps Form gas-phase ions choice of ionization method depends on sample identity and information required Separate ions on basis

More information

Answers to questions on exam in laser-based combustion diagnostics on March 10, 2006

Answers to questions on exam in laser-based combustion diagnostics on March 10, 2006 Answers to questions on exam in laser-based combustion diagnostics on March 10, 2006 1. Examples of advantages and disadvantages with laser-based combustion diagnostic techniques: + Nonintrusive + High

More information

CEE 772 Lecture #27 12/10/2014. CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis

CEE 772 Lecture #27 12/10/2014. CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #21 Mass Spectrometry: Mass Filters & Spectrometers (Skoog, Chapt. 20, pp.511 524) (Harris, Chapt.

More information

Ion traps. Quadrupole (3D) traps. Linear traps

Ion traps. Quadrupole (3D) traps. Linear traps Ion traps Quadrupole (3D) traps Linear traps 3D-Ion traps A 3D-ion trap can be considered the tridimensional analogue of the linear quadrupole mass analyzer: B A C D The central ring electrode of the 3D-ion

More information

CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis

CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Updated: 10 December 2014 Print version CEE 772: Instrumental Methods in Environmental Analysis Lecture #21 Mass Spectrometry: Mass Filters & Spectrometers (Skoog, Chapt. 20, pp.511-524) (Harris, Chapt.

More information

WADA Technical Document TD2003IDCR

WADA Technical Document TD2003IDCR IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA FOR QUALITATIVE ASSAYS INCORPORATING CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY The appropriate analytical characteristics must be documented for a particular assay. The Laboratory must

More information

Mass Spectrometry. What is Mass Spectrometry?

Mass Spectrometry. What is Mass Spectrometry? Mass Spectrometry What is Mass Spectrometry? Mass Spectrometry (MS): The generation of gaseous ions from a sample, separation of these ions by mass-to-charge ratio, and measurement of relative abundance

More information

PRINCIPLES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING

PRINCIPLES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING PRINCIPLES OF PLASMA DISCHARGES AND MATERIALS PROCESSING Second Edition MICHAEL A. LIEBERMAN ALLAN J, LICHTENBERG WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC PUBLICATION CONTENTS PREFACE xrrii PREFACE

More information

Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE)

Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE) Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE) Edited by SVEN A. E. JOHANSSON Department of Nuclear Physics Lund Institute of Technology Lund, Sweden JOHN L. CAMPBELL Department of Physics University

More information

Practical Quadrupole Theory: Peak Shapes at Various Ion Energies

Practical Quadrupole Theory: Peak Shapes at Various Ion Energies Practical Quadrupole Theory: Peak Shapes at Various Ion Energies Randall E. Pedder ABB Inc., Analytical-QMS Extrel Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry, 575 Epsilon Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 (Poster presented

More information

for the Novice Mass Spectrometry (^>, John Greaves and John Roboz yc**' CRC Press J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York

for the Novice Mass Spectrometry (^>, John Greaves and John Roboz yc**' CRC Press J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York Mass Spectrometry for the Novice John Greaves and John Roboz (^>, yc**' CRC Press J Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business

More information

Instrumental Analysis. Mass Spectrometry. Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai

Instrumental Analysis. Mass Spectrometry. Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai 303351 Instrumental Analysis Mass Spectrometry Lecturer:! Somsak Sirichai Mass Spectrometry What is Mass spectrometry (MS)? An analytic method that employs ionization and mass analysis of compounds in

More information

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester

SOLID STATE PHYSICS. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. J. R. Hook H. E. Hall. Department of Physics, University of Manchester SOLID STATE PHYSICS Second Edition J. R. Hook H. E. Hall Department of Physics, University of Manchester John Wiley & Sons CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE Contents Flow diagram Inside front

More information

Three dimensional Paul traps may benefit from. Linear Quadrupoles with Added Hexapole Fields

Three dimensional Paul traps may benefit from. Linear Quadrupoles with Added Hexapole Fields Linear Quadrupoles with Added Hexapole Fields Nikolai Konenkov Department of General Physics, Ryazan State Pedagogical University, Ryazan, Russia Frank Londry Pan Galactic Scientific, Omemee, Ontario,

More information

Extrel Application Note

Extrel Application Note Extrel Application Note Real-Time Plasma Monitoring and Detection of Trace H 2 O and HF Species in an Argon Based Plasma Jian Wei, 575 Epsilon Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15238. (Presented at the 191st Electrochemical

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 35. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 35. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 35 Principle components: Inlet Ion source Mass analyzer Ion transducer Pumps Signal processor Mass analyzers Quadrupole Time of Flight Double Focusing Ion

More information

Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated formic. acid and acetic acid clusters

Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated formic. acid and acetic acid clusters Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of protonated formic acid and acetic acid clusters Yoshiya Inokuchi and Nobuyuki Nishi * Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Abstract

More information

Abstract... I. Acknowledgements... III. Table of Content... V. List of Tables... VIII. List of Figures... IX

Abstract... I. Acknowledgements... III. Table of Content... V. List of Tables... VIII. List of Figures... IX Abstract... I Acknowledgements... III Table of Content... V List of Tables... VIII List of Figures... IX Chapter One IR-VUV Photoionization Spectroscopy 1.1 Introduction... 1 1.2 Vacuum-Ultraviolet-Ionization

More information

Design considerations for linear Paul trap mass spectrometer under development

Design considerations for linear Paul trap mass spectrometer under development Design considerations for linear Paul trap mass spectrometer under development S.Sevugarajan and A.G.Menon Department of Instrumentation, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 561, India. Abstract This

More information

Laser Ionization Mass Analysis

Laser Ionization Mass Analysis Laser Ionization Mass Analysis Edited by AKOS VERTES George Washington University Washington, D.C. RENAAT GIJBELS FRED ADAMS University of Antwerp (UIA) Antwerp, Belgium A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION

More information

O WILEY- MODERN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. WALTER D. LOVELAND Oregon State University. DAVID J. MORRISSEY Michigan State University

O WILEY- MODERN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. WALTER D. LOVELAND Oregon State University. DAVID J. MORRISSEY Michigan State University MODERN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY WALTER D. LOVELAND Oregon State University DAVID J. MORRISSEY Michigan State University GLENN T. SEABORG University of California, Berkeley O WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY &

More information

Molecular Mass Spectrometry

Molecular Mass Spectrometry Molecular Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry: capable of providing information about (1) Elemental composition of samples of matter: atomic mass (2) Structures of inorganic, organic, and biological molecules

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Hyphenated Techniques GC-MS LC-MS and MS-MS

Mass Spectrometry. Hyphenated Techniques GC-MS LC-MS and MS-MS Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated Techniques GC-MS LC-MS and MS-MS Reasons for Using Chromatography with MS Mixture analysis by MS alone is difficult Fragmentation from ionization (EI or CI) Fragments from

More information

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecules on Surfaces Edited by John T. Yates, Jr. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Theodore E. Madey National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY INTRODUCTION TO MODERN VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY MAX DIEM Department of Chemistry City University of New York Hunter College A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane

More information

Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements

Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements Third Edition Richard S. Figliola Clemson University Donald E. Beasley Clemson University John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York / Chichester / Weinheim / Brisbane

More information

Technical Note # TN-24 Extending the Capacity in Modern Spherical High Capacity Ion Traps (HCT)

Technical Note # TN-24 Extending the Capacity in Modern Spherical High Capacity Ion Traps (HCT) Bruker Daltonics Technical Note # TN-24 Extending the Capacity in Modern Spherical High Capacity Ion Traps (HCT) During the last decade, RF ion traps have become a workhorse of the analytical laboratory

More information

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques

Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques Surface Analysis - The Principal Techniques Edited by John C. Vickerman Surface Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry UMIST, Manchester, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane

More information

FOCUS: VAN BERKEL, 2005 BIEMANN MEDAL AWARDEE Determination of Cooling Rates in a Quadrupole Ion Trap

FOCUS: VAN BERKEL, 2005 BIEMANN MEDAL AWARDEE Determination of Cooling Rates in a Quadrupole Ion Trap FOCUS: VAN BERKEL, 2005 BIEMANN MEDAL AWARDEE Determination of Cooling Rates in a Quadrupole Ion Trap David M. Black, Anne H. Payne, and Gary L. Glish Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina

More information

Wolfgang Demtroder. Molecular Physics. Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

Wolfgang Demtroder. Molecular Physics. Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. Wolfgang Demtroder Molecular Physics Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA v Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Short Historical Overview 2 1.2 Molecular

More information

Calibration of Particle Instruments in Space Physics

Calibration of Particle Instruments in Space Physics SR-007 September 2007 Calibration of Particle Instruments in Space Physics Editors Martin Wüest INFICON Ltd, Balzers, Principality of Liechtenstein David S. Evans Space Environment Center, NOAA, Boulder

More information

Ionization Techniques Part IV

Ionization Techniques Part IV Ionization Techniques Part IV CU- Boulder CHEM 5181 Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography Presented by Prof. Jose L. Jimenez High Vacuum MS Interpretation Lectures Sample Inlet Ion Source Mass Analyzer Detector

More information

Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Richard Miles and Arthur Dogariu Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA Workshop on Oxygen Plasma Kinetics Sept 20, 2016 Financial support: ONR and MetroLaser

More information

THEORY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE

THEORY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE THEORY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE Second Edition Charles P. Poole, Jr., and Horacio A. Farach Department of Physics University of South Carolina, Columbia A Wiley-lnterscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS

More information

Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy FEMTOSECOND TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON-PNICTIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS AND NANOSYSTEMS A Thesis Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy IN THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE

More information

INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS ASHOK DAS THOMAS FERBEL University of Rochester JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK CHICHESTER BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE CONTENTS Preface and Introduction Apologies

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Electron Ionization and Chemical Ionization

Mass Spectrometry. Electron Ionization and Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Electron Ionization and Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer All Instruments Have: 1. Sample Inlet 2. Ion Source 3. Mass Analyzer 4. Detector 5. Data System http://www.asms.org Ionization

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT

FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT A STATISTICAL OPTICS APPROACH Christian Brosseau University of Brest, France A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York - Chichester. Weinheim. Brisbane

More information

FOCUS: QUADRUPOLE ION TRAPS ACCOUNT AND PERSPECTIVE

FOCUS: QUADRUPOLE ION TRAPS ACCOUNT AND PERSPECTIVE Matrix Methods for the Calculation of Stability Diagrams in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry FOCUS: QUADRUPOLE ION TRAPS ACCOUNT AND PERSPECTIVE N. V. Konenkov and M. Sudakov* Department of General Physics,

More information

Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics - Lecture 2 - Matthias Trost Newcastle University

Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics - Lecture 2 - Matthias Trost Newcastle University Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics - Lecture 2 - Matthias Trost Newcastle University matthias.trost@ncl.ac.uk Previously: Resolution and other basics MALDI Electrospray 40 Lecture 2 Mass analysers Detectors

More information

Application Note GA-301E. MBMS for Preformed Ions. Extrel CMS, 575 Epsilon Drive, Pittsburgh, PA I. SAMPLING A CHEMICAL SOUP

Application Note GA-301E. MBMS for Preformed Ions. Extrel CMS, 575 Epsilon Drive, Pittsburgh, PA I. SAMPLING A CHEMICAL SOUP Application Note MBMS for Preformed Ions, 575 Epsilon Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 (Poster Presented at 45th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry, June 1-5, 1997) In order to accurately characterize a plasma

More information

Mass Spectroscopy. Base peak. Molecular Ion peak. The positively charged fragments produced are separated, based on their mass/charge (m/z) ratio. M+.

Mass Spectroscopy. Base peak. Molecular Ion peak. The positively charged fragments produced are separated, based on their mass/charge (m/z) ratio. M+. Mass spectrometry is the study of systems causing the formation of gaseous ions, with or without fragmentation, which are then characteried by their mass to charge ratios (m/) and relative abundances.

More information

Table of Contents... XI

Table of Contents... XI Table of Contents Table of Contents... XI 1 Introduction...1 Learning Objectives...1 1.1 Aims and Scope...3 1.1.1 Filling the Black Box...5 1.2 What Is Mass Spectrometry?...5 1.2.1 Mass Spectrometry...6

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 34 From molecular to elemental analysis there are three major techniques used for elemental analysis: Optical spectrometry Mass spectrometry X-ray spectrometry

More information

THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES

THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES DAVID F. GRAY University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the

More information

Contents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition

Contents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Notes xiii xv xvii 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The Origins of Nuclear Physics 1 1.1.2 The Emergence of Particle Physics: the

More information

NOVEL INSTRUMENTATION AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR A QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER. G. Asher Newsome

NOVEL INSTRUMENTATION AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR A QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER. G. Asher Newsome NOVEL INSTRUMENTATION AND METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR A QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETER G. Asher Newsome A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial

More information

Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA; 2 Kelleher Lab, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; 3

Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA; 2 Kelleher Lab, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; 3 Second-Generation Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) on the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometer with Improved Functionality, Increased Speed, Christopher Mullen, 1 Lee Earley, 1 Jean-Jacques

More information

Introduction to Elemental Analysis

Introduction to Elemental Analysis Introduction to Elemental Analysis A dust storm charges across the Sahara desert, whipping up sand and blowing it west, towards the ocean. Meanwhile, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, a team of scientist

More information

FAIMS Technology at a Glance

FAIMS Technology at a Glance FAIMS Technology at a Glance Field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), also known as differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), is a gas detection technology that separates and identifies chemical

More information

NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION

NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATION Second Edition JOEL H. FERZIGER A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York / Chichester / Weinheim / Brisbane / Singapore / Toronto

More information

Tendenze nell innovazione della strumentazione in spettrometria di massa:

Tendenze nell innovazione della strumentazione in spettrometria di massa: Tendenze nell innovazione della strumentazione in spettrometria di massa: Trappola lineare, orbitrap, ion mobility e nuova strumentazione René Magritte La Condition Humaine 1 Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

More information

EXPLORING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY WITH MATHEMATICA

EXPLORING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY WITH MATHEMATICA EXPLORING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY WITH MATHEMATICA Dror Sarid University of Arizona A WILEY-1NTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto CONTENTS

More information

Induced Decomposition and

Induced Decomposition and Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 36, pp. 33-38, 198 Studies of Negative Ions by Collision- Induced Decomposition and Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Techniques by Donald F. Hunt,* Satinder K. Sethi,*

More information

LECTURE-11. Hybrid MS Configurations HANDOUT. As discussed in our previous lecture, mass spectrometry is by far the most versatile

LECTURE-11. Hybrid MS Configurations HANDOUT. As discussed in our previous lecture, mass spectrometry is by far the most versatile LECTURE-11 Hybrid MS Configurations HANDOUT PREAMBLE As discussed in our previous lecture, mass spectrometry is by far the most versatile technique used in proteomics. We had also discussed some of the

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Ionizer Mass Analyzer Detector

Mass Spectrometry. Ionizer Mass Analyzer Detector GCMS Gas Chromatography Used to separate components of a mixture Mixture is injected, vaporized and carried by an inert gas Compounds separate when they interact with the column at different times Retention

More information

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA DISCHARGES

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA DISCHARGES MODELING AND SIMULATION OF LOW TEMPERATURE PLASMA DISCHARGES Michael A. Lieberman University of California, Berkeley lieber@eecs.berkeley.edu DOE Center on Annual Meeting May 2015 Download this talk: http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~lieber

More information

History of Mass spectroscopy. Mass Spectroscopy. Introduction... Uses of Mass Spec. Where are Mass Spectrometers Used? Mass Spectroscopy Units

History of Mass spectroscopy. Mass Spectroscopy. Introduction... Uses of Mass Spec. Where are Mass Spectrometers Used? Mass Spectroscopy Units History of Mass spectroscopy Mass Spectroscopy CHEM 466 Upali Siriwardane Marilyn Cox Jim Plamer http://www.chemistry.ohiostate.edu/~allen/587%20w04/587%20w0 4%20130-136%20std.pdf http://www.cem.msu.edu/~cem333/week1

More information

Analysis of Opioids Using Isotope Dilution with GCMS-TQ8030 GC/MS/MS. No. GCMS No. SSI-GCMS-1401

Analysis of Opioids Using Isotope Dilution with GCMS-TQ8030 GC/MS/MS. No. GCMS No. SSI-GCMS-1401 Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer No. GCMS-1401 Analysis of Opioids Using Isotope Dilution with GCMS-TQ8030 GC/MS/MS Introduction Development of methods for analysis of drugs of abuse has become a high

More information

Wolfgang Demtroder. Laser Spectroscopy. Basic Concepts and Instrumentation. Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems.

Wolfgang Demtroder. Laser Spectroscopy. Basic Concepts and Instrumentation. Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems. Wolfgang Demtroder Laser Spectroscopy Basic Concepts and Instrumentation Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Absorption and Emission of Light

More information

Physics of and in Ion Traps

Physics of and in Ion Traps Physics of and in Ion Traps Proposed Topics: TRIUMF, Vancouver June 01 Basics of Paul- and Penning-traps (equ. of motion, trap geometries, influence of trap imperfections,) Ion detection and cooling (Buffer

More information

Autoresonant Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer The RGA Alternative

Autoresonant Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer The RGA Alternative Autoresonant Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer The GA Alternative 1 What is a Mass Spectrometer? Ionizer Mass Spectrometer Mass Separator Magnetic Sector, Quadrupole or Ion Trap Detector Partial Pressure Measurement

More information

PROTEIN NMR SPECTROSCOPY

PROTEIN NMR SPECTROSCOPY List of Figures List of Tables xvii xxvi 1. NMR SPECTROSCOPY 1 1.1 Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy 2 1.2 One Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 3 1.2.1 Classical Description of NMR Spectroscopy 3 1.2.2 Nuclear

More information

Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis

Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis Radiochemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis WILLIAM D. EHMANN Professor, Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky DIANE E. VANCE Staff Development Scientist Analytical Services

More information

2101 Atomic Spectroscopy

2101 Atomic Spectroscopy 2101 Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic identification Atomic spectroscopy refers to the absorption and emission of ultraviolet to visible light by atoms and monoatomic ions. It is best used to analyze metals.

More information

The development of algebraic methods to compute

The development of algebraic methods to compute Ion Energy in Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry Vladimir Baranov MDS SCIEX, Concord, Ontario, Canada Application of an analytical solution of the Mathieu equation in conjunction with algebraic presentation

More information

Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems

Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems Physical Sciences Inc. VG11-010 Small Signal Gain in DPAL Systems Kristin L. Galbally-Kinney, Daniel L. Maser, William J. Kessler, Wilson T. Rawlins, and Steven J. Davis 20 New England Business Center

More information

Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis

Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis A schematic representation of a single-focusing mass spectrometer with an electron-impact (EI) ionization source. M: + e _ M +. + 2e _ Ionization and fragmentation

More information

Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap Velos Hybrid FT Mass Spectrometer

Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap Velos Hybrid FT Mass Spectrometer IET International Equipment Trading Ltd. www.ietltd.com Proudly serving laboratories worldwide since 1979 CALL +847.913.0777 for Refurbished & Certified Lab Equipment Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap Velos

More information