Chapter 13. Alcohols, Diols, and Ethers
|
|
- Joshua Richards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 hem 215 F07 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 1 of 5. Date: September 12, 2007 hapter 13. lcohols, Diols, and Ethers verview: hemistry and reactions of sp 3 oxygen groups, particularly oxidation of an alcohol, ether formation, and reactions of oxirane (epoxide) groups. I. What are alcohols, phenols, and ethers? lcohols (-) Primary alcohols (1 -alcohols) pka ~167 IUP names ommon names 3 methanol methyl alcohol 3 2 ethanol ethyl alcohol propanol n-propyl alcohol methyl-propanol isobutyl alcohol ,2-dimethyl-propanol neopentyl alcohol 3 3 Secondary alcohols (2 -alcohols) pka ~ propanol 2-butanol isopropyl alcohol sec-butyl alcohol Tertiary alcohols (3 -alcohols) pka ~ methyl-2-propanol tert-butyl alcohol Phenols (Ph-) pka ~102 Ethers (--) diethyl ether 3 Ph--= 2 phenyl vinyl ether -: alkoxy Ph-: aryloxy Ph methoxy ethoxy phenoxy II. xidation xidation historical use of the term: (1) oxide (oxyd/oxyde) the acid form of an element S air oxide of S (acid of sulfur) (2) oxidation or oxidize to make such an acid, to make the oxide (3) oxygen Lavoisier: substance in the air that makes acids the bringer of acids = oxygen (4) oxidation or oxidize to increase the % oxygen in a substance (reduction: to reduce the % oxygen) More modern definition: oxidation or oxidize loss of electrons (coupled with reduction as gain of electrons) ote: The loss of electron (oxidation) by one atom or compound must be matched by the gain of electrons (reduction) by another.
2 hem 215 F07 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 2 of 5. Date: September 12, 2007 III. xidation state (or number) counting (see Ege s, pp ) e ep "the contribution of an to the oxidation number of the is " "the contribution of a to the oxidation number of the is 1" Therefore, The oxidation number of this is ther examples of oxidation numbers: "reducing agent" "oxidizing agent" r r r r Zn r r r Zn r ydrocarbon oxidation-reduction spectrum: "reduction" (hydrogenation) methane methanol formaldehyde (methanal) formic acid (methanoic acid) carbonic acid 4 2 (oxygen insertion) (also: dehydrogenation) increasing %; decreasing % decreasing %; increasing % "reduction" note: used in biochem.: oxidase = dehydrogenase enzyme
3 hem 215 F07 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 3 of 5. Date: September 12, 2007 IV. xidation of alcohols 1 -alcohol 2 -alcohol - 2 aldehyde ketone 3 -alcohol " not easily oxidized xidation methods: There are hundreds that differ in experimental conditions, but these follow basically the process shown below. difficult to remove as LG X LG "E2 - type" reaction - - LG "converting this to a leaving group" LG: leaving group istorically, most common reagents involve high-valency metals. 1. r (VI)-based reagents - all r(vi) reagents have toxicity problems r 3 r chromium trioxide (chromic anhydride) "to be oxidized" alancing the oxidation-reduction reaction "to be reduced" 2 r 3 oxidizing agent r 3 3 x e ("two-electron" oxidation) 2 x r 3e r 3 verall, r r 3 "stoichiometry"
4 hem 215 F07 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 4 of 5. Date: September 12, a hromic acid [ r r 4 ] (hydrous conditions) r problems: 1. acidic conditions 2. can't stop at the stage of an aldehyde because of the presence of water Jones reagent: r 3 / 2 S 4 / 2 historically, one of the most commonly used chromium -based reagents for the oxidation of alcohols hromate: Dichromate: a 2 r 4 (sodium chromate)/ 2 S 4 / 2 a 2 r 2 7 (sodium dichromate)/ 2 S 4 / 2 a 2 r 2 7 a r r 1b. nhydrous r r 3 pyridine pyridinium chlorochromate (P): one of the most widely used oxidants! pyridinium dichromate (PD) [(py ) 2 r ] a r l pyridinium chlorochromate (P) prepared from pyridine, l, and r 3 xidation reactions of alcohols using these reagents are carried out in anhydrous organic solvents such as dichloromethane and, thus, the oxidation of a primary alcohol stops at the stage of an aldehyde. Mechanism for the oxidation with P: - more electrophilic than the r in r 3 because of l r l r r 4 (chromium is reduced!) oxidation step r 4 becomes r 3 through redox-disproportionation. : often referred to as "hromate" ester r still r r l l -l : extremely acidic! r still r l
5 hem 215 F07 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 5 of 5. Date: September 12, 2007 The oxidation of primary alcohols with Jones reagent: 1 -alcohol r 3, 2 S 4 2 acetone (solvent) more than 2 mol equiv. of the reagent needed aldehyde not isolable faster step ften, an ester -(=)- is a by-product. Mechanism: r - r 2 r r r "chromate ester" oxidation step aldehyde: doesn't stop here! r 4 r 3 r "chromate ester" r oxidation step! r r - 2 r 4 r 3
Chem HH W13-Notes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 1 of 13 Date: February 20, 2013
hem 215-216 W13-otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 1 of 13 Date: February 20, 2013 hapter 13. Alcohols, Diols, and Ethers verview: hemistry and reactions of sp 3 oxygen groups, particularly oxidation of an
More informationCARBONYL COMPOUNDS: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION Introduction Several functional groups contain the carbonyl group Carbonyl groups can be converted into alcohols by various reactions Structure of the Carbonyl
More informationCarbon-heteroatom single bonds basic C N C X. X= F, Cl, Br, I Alkyl Halide C O. epoxide Chapter 14 H. alcohols acidic H C S C. thiols.
hapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols 13.1 Structure and Properties of Alcohols Alkanes arbon - arbon Multiple Bonds arbon-heteroatom single bonds basic Alkenes X X= F, l,, I Alkyl alide amines hapter 23 nitro
More informationChem 263 Nov 7, elimination reaction. There are many reagents that can be used for this reaction. Only three are given in this course:
hem 263 Nov 7, 2013 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes from Alcohols xidation of Alcohols [] must have at least 1 E elimination reaction [] = oxidation; removal of electrons [] = reduction; addition
More informationChapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds
Chapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds Introduction Several functional groups contain the carbonyl group Carbonyl groups can be converted into alcohols
More informationChapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols
hapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols sp 3 alcohol phenol (aromatic alcohol) pka~ 16-18 pka~ 10 Alcohols contain an group connected to a saturated carbon (sp 3 ) Phenols contain an group connected to a carbon
More informationIntroduction & Definitions Catalytic Hydrogenations Dissolving Metal Reduction Reduction by Addition of H- and H+ Oxidation of Alcohols Oxidation of
CEM 241- UNIT 4 xidation/reduction Reactions Redox chemistry 1 utline Introduction & Definitions Catalytic ydrogenations Dissolving Metal Reduction Reduction by Addition of - and + xidation of Alcohols
More informationChapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols. Types of Alcohol Reactions
hapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene (Discussed in hap 7) xidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation
More informationLecture 19. Carboxylic Acids O C OH O R C O - + H + O - Chemistry 328N
Lecture 19 arboxylic Acids R R - + + R - March 29, 2018 Review: Selectivity in Reduction LiAl 4 reduces any and all carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols NaB 4 only reduces aldehydes and ketone
More informationChapter 11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
hapter 11 Introduction to rganic hemistry Properties of arbon and its compounds 2 Properties of arbon and its compounds 3 Properties of arbon and its compounds 4 Properties of arbon and its compounds 5
More informationALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group connected to
More informationChapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols. Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition
Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 7 th edition Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp 3 ) They are important solvents and
More informationChemistry 110. Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell. Ninth Edition
Chemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, rganic and Biochemistry Chapter 14 Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols Alcohols have a ydroxyl Group, -, bonded to tetrahedral
More informationAlcohols and Phenols. Classification of Alcohols. Learning Check. Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols. Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols and Phenols An alcohol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached
More informationEthers & Epoxides. Chapter 5. Dr. Seham ALTERARY. Chem 340-2nd semester
Ethers & Epoxides Chapter 5 Dr. Seham ALTERARY Chapter s out line Ethers Definition; General formula; Classification and Types Nomenclature - Common Names. - IUPAC Naming. Physical Properties General methods
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols 45 -Alcohols have the general formula R-OH and are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group, -OH. -Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an
More informationQuímica Orgânica I. Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química AFB QO I 2007/08 1
Química rgânica I Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química AFB Q I 2007/08 1 alcohols Adaptado de rganic Chemistry, 6th Edition; Wade rganic Chemistry, 6 th Edition; McMurry AFB Q I 2007/08 2 Typical
More informationAn alcohol is a compound obtained by substituting a hydoxyl group ( OH) for an H atom on a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon group.
Derivatives of Hydrocarbons A functional group is a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions. All other organic compounds can be considered as derivatives of hydrocarbons (i.e.,
More informationacetaldehyde (ethanal)
hem 263 Nov 2, 2010 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes from Alkenes zonolysis 1. 3 2. Zn acetone 1. 3 2. Zn acetone acetaldehyde (ethanal) Mechanism: 3 3 3 + - oncerted reaction 3 3 3 + ozonide (explosive)
More informationLoudon Chapter 10 Review: Alcohols & Thiols Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 4/26/2016
Alcohols (R) and thiols (RS) have many reactions in common with alkyl halides, but they don t do everything exactly the same. The main difference between this and alkyl halide chemistry is that unlike
More information(Neither an oxidation or reduction: Addition or loss of H +, H 2 O, HX).
eactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. xidation is a
More informationHW #5: 16.20, 16.28, 16.30, 16.32, 16.40, 16.44, 16.46, 16.52, 16.60, 16.62, 16.64, 16.68
hemistry 131 Lecture 10: Aldehydes and Ketones: Structure, Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Reactivity hapter 16 in McMurry, Ballantine, et. al. 7 th edition W #5: 16.20, 16.28, 16.30, 16.32, 16.40,
More informationChapter 14 Aldehydes and Ketones: Addition Reactions at Electrophilic Carbons Overview of Chapter Structures of aldehydes and ketones
hem 215 F12 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 1 of 11. Date: September 19, 2012 hapter 14 Aldehydes and Ketones: Addition eactions at Electrophilic arbons verview of hapter 14 1. Structures of aldehydes and
More informationChem 263 Notes March 2, 2006
Chem 263 Notes March 2, 2006 Average for the midterm is 102.5 / 150 (approx. 68%). Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones There are several methods to prepare aldehydes and ketones. We will only deal with
More informationAcyl-Transfer Reactions
hem 215-216 W13 otes Dr. Masato Koreeda - Page 1 of 17. Date: March 18, 2013 hapter 15: arboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives and 21.3, /21.5 A Acyl-Transfer eactions I. Introduction Examples: note: could
More informationOH OH OH CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (a) CH 3 CHCH 2 CHCH(CH 3 ) 2. (b)
hem 226 Problem Set #8 Fundamentals of rganic hemistry, 4 th edition, John McMurry. hapter 8 1. Give IUPA names for the following alcohols. 2 2 ( 3 ) 2 3 2 ( 3 ) 2 Longest chain = 6 carbons:...hexanediol.
More informationChem 261 Dec 6, 2017
209 Chem 261 Dec 6, 2017 REVIEW: Example: K!! + 3 C + 3 C K tert-butoxide (an alkoxide) methanol tert-butanol pka = 16 pka = 19 methoxide stronger base stronger acid (lower pka, more acidic) weaker acid
More informationChapter 12. Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds Oxidation-Reduction & Organometallic Compounds. Structure
Chapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds xidation-eduction & rganometallic Compounds Created by Professor William Tam & Dr. Phillis Chang Structure ~ 120 o ~ 120 o C ~ 120 o Carbonyl carbon: sp 2 hybridized
More information1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group? A) ketone B) aldehyde C) amine D) ester E) carboxylic acid
1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group? ketone aldehyde amine ester carboxylic acid 2) Which functional group contains a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group bonded to the same carbon
More informationDAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 6 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts: CrO 4 2- reduced to Cr 2 O 3. KMnO 4 reduced to MnO 2. Oxidation: Gain of O,
More informationChemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2017 Dr. Rainer Glaser
Chemistry 2030 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Fall Semester 2017 Dr. Rainer Glaser Examination #3 Nucleophilic Substitutions & Eliminations, Alcohols, and Ethers Thursday, November 2, 2017, 8:25-9:15
More informationChapter 16. Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides. Class Notes. 2. Epoxides: cyclic ethers, 3-membered rings. 1. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical (mixed) ethers
Chapter 16 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides Chapter 16 suggested problems: 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33 Class Notes I. Nomenclature of ethers, epoxides, and sulfides A. General B. Ethers 1. Ethers: C-O-C 2. Epoxides:
More informationAlcohol, Phenols & Ethers
Alcohol, Phenols & Ethers 1) Conc. H 2 S 4 Heated with excess of C 2 H 5 at 140 o c to form CH 2 b) CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 d) CH 2 = CH 2 2) In the following series of chemical reactions identify Z C 3 H
More informationIsomerism CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12. Constitutional isomers...
Isomerism 4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 onstitutional isomers... 3 8 Positional isomers... Functional isomers... ow many constitutional isomers are there for the formula 4 8? arbon atoms are often classified as
More information3) Oxidation of tertiary alcohol yields A) Aldehyde B) No reaction C) Ketone D) Carboxylic acid
ALKYL HALIDES 18- The reaction of Propyl bromide with Na is A) Nucleophilic addition. B) Nucleophilic substitution. C) Electrophilic substitution. D) Electrophilic addition. 25) Which of the following
More informationChapter 08 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols Chapter 08 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols CEM 240: Fall 2016 Prof. Greg Cook 2 Alcohol Nomenclature - common imple alcohols are often named using common naming (functional class)
More informationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic hydrocarbons contain six-membered rings of carbon atoms with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds. The ring is sometimes shown with a circle in the center instead
More informationNomenclature of Organic Compounds Identification of Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons Nomenclature of Organic ompounds Identification of Functional Groups Alkanes - also known as saturated hydrocarbons or the paraffin series because all bond sites between carbon atoms and between
More information10) The common name of CH 3CH2OH is A) wood alcohol. B) grain alcohol. C) antifreeze. D) rubbing alcohol. E) glycerol.
1) Compounds with the -OH group attached to a saturated alkane-like carbon are known as A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) ethers. D) alkyl halides. E) hydroxyls. ) Compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to two
More informationChemistry 283g- Experiment 3
EXPERIMENT 3: xidation of Alcohols: Solid-Supported xidation and Qualitative Tests Relevant sections in the text: Fox & Whitesell, 3 rd Ed. pg. 448-452. A portion of this experiment is based on a paper
More informationChapter 16 Alcohol, Diols, Thiols
Chapter 16 Alcohol, Diols, Thiols Alcohols are a very important functional group, which we have already seen in previous chapters. In this chapter we will review previous material and see some new ways
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch16_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which type of compound does not contain a carbonyl group? ketone B) aldehyde C) amine D)
More informationAlcohols. Contents. Structure. structure
Page 1 of 9 Alcohols Contents structure Physical Properties Classification of Alcohols Nomenclature of Alcohols Preparation of Alcohols Oxidation of Alcohols oxidation of aldehydes Structure Alcohols can
More informationCHEM 242 ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS CHAP 15 ASSIGN. , would be? CH 3 CHOCH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH A B C D E
HEM 242 RGNMETLLI MPUNDS HP 15 SSIGN 1. The final product, D, in the following reaction sequence, H 2 H 2 HH P 3 Mg ether B H 3 D, would be? HH 2 H 2 H HH 2 H 2 HH 2 H 2 H HH 2 HH 2 B D E 2. What is the
More informationChapter 14 Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen, Halogen, or Sulfur
Chapter 14 Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen, Halogen, or Sulfur Based on Material Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission
More informationLearning Guide for Chapter 14 - Alcohols (I)
Learning Guide for Chapter 14 - Alcohols (I) I. Introduction to Alcohols and Thiols II. Acid/base Behavior of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols III. Nomenclature of Alcohols IV. Synthesis of Alcohols Previous
More informationALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS; ETHERS AND EPOXIDES; THIOLS AND SULFIDES
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS; ETHERS AND EPOXIDES; THIOLS AND SULFIDES A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Give the IUPAC name when given the structure, and draw the structure given the name of open-chain and monocyclic
More informationClass: 12 Subject: chemistry Topic: Organic Chemistry of O compounds No. of Questions: 20 Duration: 60 Min Maximum Marks: 60
Class: 12 Subject: chemistry Topic: Organic Chemistry of O compounds No. of Questions: 20 Duration: 60 Min Maximum Marks: 60 1. Ethylene is passed through conc. H 2 SO 4 and the product obtained is diluted
More informationCYCLOALKANES, POLYMERS, ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS Home Assignment
CYCLOALKANES, POLYMERS, ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS Home Assignment 1. The tendency of cylopropane (I), Cyclobutane (II), cyclopentane (III) to form addition compounds is in the order : a) I > II > III b) I =
More information1. True or false: In a molecule, carbon always forms bonds with four other elements. 5. An unsaturated hydrocarbon must contain a or bond.
APTER 20 Organic hemistry 1. True or false: In a molecule, carbon always forms bonds with four other elements. False 2. A triple bond involves sharing electrons. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6 e. 6 3. ydrocarbons
More informationCHE 325 ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS CHAP 15 ASSIGN. , would be? CH 3 CHOCH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 2 OH A B C D E
HE 325 RGNMETLLI MPUNDS HP 15 SSIGN 1. The final product, D, in the following reaction sequence, H 2 H 2 HH P 3 Mg ether B H 3 D, would be? HH 2 H 2 H HH 2 H 2 HH 2 H 2 H HH 2 HH 2 B D E 2. What is the
More informationCHEM 203. Final Exam December 15, 2010 ANSWERS. This a closed-notes, closed-book exam. You may use your set of molecular models
CEM 203 Final Exam December 15, 2010 Your name: ANSWERS This a closed-notes, closed-book exam You may use your set of molecular models This test contains 15 pages Time: 2h 30 min 1. / 16 2. / 15 3. / 24
More informationAlcohols, Ethers and Epoxides. Chapter Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry
Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides Chapter 17-18 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry 1 Introduction Structure and Bonding Alcohols contain a hydroxy group (OH) bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon. 2
More informationO C. Aldehyde: O C H 3 CH 2 C H propanal propionaldehyde. O C H 3 CH 2 C CH 2 CH 3 3-pentanone diethylketone
Aldehydes and Ketones Both contain the functional group Aldehyde: R Ketone R R' Aldehydes omenclature. IUPA: drop the 'e' from the name of the alkane and add 'al'. There are also common names which are
More informationCHEMISTRY Topic #8: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Fall 2018 Dr. Susan Findlay
CEMISTRY 2600 Topic #8: xidation and Reduction Reactions Fall 2018 Dr. Susan Findlay xidation States of Carbon Carbon can have any oxidation state from -4 (C 4 ) to +4 (C 2 ). As a general rule, increasing
More informationBasic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B
Basic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B I have gone ahead and compiled all of the basic naming rules that we will be dealing with into one worksheet. I hope this will be helpful to you as you work
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY II 3. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS PREVIOUS EAMCET BITS.
1 RGANIC EMISTRY II. CARBNYL CMPUNDS PREVIUS EAMCET BITS Cl Cl 1. What are the X and Y in the following reaction sequence : X Y (009 E) 1) 5, ), ), CCl 4) 5Cl, CCl Reaction. Cl HCl X Cl CCl. HCl Y. The
More informationDAMIETTA UNIVERSITY. Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 5 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction The vertical axis in this graph represents the potential energy. The transition
More informationBut in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation
More informationChapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds. Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons
Chapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons Reactions of Alkanes Single bonds (C-C) are strong and very hard to break, therefore these compounds are relatively unreactive
More informationName Date Class FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. SECTION 23.1 INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (pages )
Name Date lass 23 FUNTINAL GRUPS SETIN 23.1 INTRDUTIN T FUNTINAL GRUPS (pages 725 729 This section defines a functional group and gives several examples. It also describes halocarbons and the substitution
More informationREASONING QUESTIONS FROM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CH. 1 & 2)
REASONING QUESTIONS FROM ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (CH. 1 & 2) 1.) Why do haloalkenes under go nucleophillic substitution whereas haloarenes under go electophillic substitution. Ans. Due to more electro negative
More informationTopic 3 Alcohols and Ethers
3-1 Topic 3 Alcohols and Ethers 11.1 3-2 Alcohols and Ethers alcohol Examples: ' ether 3C C3 ( )-Menthol Vanillin Anethole (from peppermint) (from vanilla beans) (from fennel) n Poly(phenyl ether) (PPE)
More informationChapter 9. Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 9 Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds. Of tens of millions of known chemical compounds,
More informationExperiment 6 Alcohols and Phenols
Experiment 6 Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols are organic molecules that contain a hydroxyl (-) group. Phenols are molecules that contain an group that is directly attached to a benzene ring. Alcohols can
More informationElectronegativity Scale F > O > Cl, N > Br > C, H
Organic Chem Chapter 12 Alkanes Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon has several properties that are worth discussing: Tetravalent Always forms 4 bonds Can form multiple bonds (double
More informationwater methanol dimethyl ether Ether can only act as a hydrogen bond acceptor H-bond acceptor O R
Chapter 14: Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides 14.1 Introduction to Ethers An ether group is an oxygen atom that is bonded to two carbons. The ether carbons can be part of alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups.
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols Nomenclature of Alcohols In the IUPAC system, the hydroxyl group in alcohols is indicated by the ending ol. In common names, the separate word alcohol is placed
More informationCh08. Carbonyls. The carbonyl functional group. Exploring ketones, aldehydes and their reactions. version 1.0
Ch08 Carbonyls The carbonyl functional group. Exploring ketones, aldehydes and their reactions. version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Important Dates This Wednesday: - Lab Checkout (you must check out
More informationChapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols
Chapter 13: Alcohols and Phenols [ Chapter 9 Sections: 9.10; Chapter 13 Sections: 13.1-13.3, 13.9-13.10] 1. Nomenclature of Alcohols simple alcohols C3 C3C2 Eddie Sachs 1927-1964 larger alcohols find the
More informationUNIT (8) OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
UNIT (8) OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 8.1 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers An alcohol is an organic compound that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkyl group. They are essentially
More informationI. Write Structures for the compounds named below: (12 points) H 2 N NH 2. Acetone Hydrazine Cyclohexane carbaldehyde H 3 C
I. Write Structures for the compounds named below: (12 points) 3 2 N N 2 Acetone ydrazine yclohexane carbaldehyde N P( 6 5 ) 3 3 An ethyl ylide of Any imine 3-xo-6-phenylhexanal triphenylphosphine II.
More informationLearning Guide for Chapter 15 - Alcohols (II)
Learning Guide for Chapter 15 - Alcohols (II) I. Introduction to alcohol reactivity II. Reactions of alcohols with acids III. Reactions of alcohols with electrophiles alogenated phosphorus and sulfur compounds
More informationElectrophile = electron loving = any general electron pair acceptor = Lewis acid, (often an acidic proton)
314 Arrow Pushing practice/eauchamp 1 Electrophile = electron loving = any general electron pair acceptor = Lewis acid, (often an acidic proton) ucleophile = nucleus/positive loving = any general electron
More informationAlcohols and Phenols
Chapter 17- Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols and Phenols Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp 3 ) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group
More informationAlthough we won t go into this, the reactions can be regioselective if non-symmetrical alkenes are used.
2.1 rganic ynthesis A. Armstrong - 2004-2005 Functional Group Interconversions - Lecture 5 ection 5: xidation of C- bonds bearing no heteroatom 5.1 xidation of allylic positions Many reagents will do this
More informationACETONE. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO EINECS NO MOL WT H.S. CODE Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg
ACETONE www.pawarchemicals.com PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO 67-64-1 EINECS NO. 200-662-2 FORMULA (CH3)2C=O MOL WT. 58.08 H.S. CODE 2914.11 TOXICITY SYNONYMS Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg Dimethyl ketone;
More informationCarbonyl Compounds. Contain C=O double bond. Include many classes of compounds: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides.
PowerPoint to accompany hapter 25 Aldehydes, Ketones and arbohydrates arbonyl ompounds ontain = double bond. Include many classes of compounds: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides. ' '
More informationChem 315/316 Reactions. Bromo organic compounds C1 & C2 carbon skeletons C3 carbon skeletons C4 carbon skeletons. Alcohols. Chem 316 / Beauchamp 1
hem 316 / Beauchamp 1 hem 315/316 eactions Name available sources of carbon 4 3 NaN methyl 3 2 ethyl 3 2 2 n-propyl 3 3 isopropyl 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 n-butyl sec butyl t-butyl phenyl available until topic
More informationAssignment - 3. Organic Chemistry
Assignment - 3 Organic hemistry 85 ORGANI EMISTRY Assignment Sheet 1. (a) For each of the compounds : (i) Ethane (ii) Vinegar, (iii) Marsh gas, draw the relevant structural formula. (b) (i) What words
More informationR or S? 2) oxidation numbers of the designated carbon atoms: note: An oxidation number must have a sign. F 3 C OCH 3 oxidation #: OH.
ame 5 F0-Exam o. Page I. ( points) The following compounds are those used in our study on the mechanism of the chemical carcinogenesis of benzo[a]pyrene. ) Designate in each of the boxes below the stereochemistry
More informationThe Chemistry of Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Sulfides
The Chemistry of Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Sulfides The chemistry of ethers is closely intertwined with the chemistry of alkyl halides, alcohols, and alkenes. Ethers, however, are considerably less
More information2.222 Introductory Organic Chemistry II Midterm Exam
NAME: STUDENT NUMBE: Page 1 of 7 University of Manitoba Department of hemistry 2.222 Introductory rganic hemistry II Midterm Exam Wednesday February 20, 2002 Put all answers in the spaces provided. If
More informationORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ALCOHOLS AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: INTRO TO REDOX Oxidation reactions involve an increase in the content of a molecule Reduction reactions involve an increase in the content of a molecule EXAMPLE: Label the
More informationFundamentals. Chapter 2: Properties and Fundamentals. Formation of ozone and photochemical
hapter Properties and Fundamentals Importance of rganic ompounds Volatile compounds contribute to the formation of ozone and photochemical oxidants ompounds can have toxic effects on plants and animals
More informationBIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activities for session 9
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activities for session 9 General topics for week 5 Session 9 Physical properties and chemical reactions of organic compounds (functional groups: alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes,
More informationH H O C C O H Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives C CH 2 C. N Goalby chemrevise.org. Strength of carboxylic acids.
19 arboxylic Acids and Derivatives Naming arboxylic acids These have the ending -oic acid but no number is necessary for the acid group as it must always be at the end of the chain. The numbering always
More information14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes A carbonyl group and
More informationChapter 8: Ethers and Epoxides. Diethyl ether in starting fluid
Chapter 8: Ethers and Epoxides Diethyl ether in starting fluid 8.1 Nomenclature of Ethers Ethers are usually named by giving the name of each alkyl or aryl group, in alphabetical order, followed by the
More informationLesmahagow High School
Lesmahagow High School Chemistry Advanced Higher Unit 1 Physical Chemistry TUTORIAL EXERCISES 1. Consider the equilibrium below: Unit 1 Physical Chemistry Tutorial 1.1 The Equilibrium Constant The equilibrium
More informationAlcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
7 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols hapter Summary The functional group of alcohols and phenols is the hydroxyl group. In alcohols, this group is connected to an aliphatic carbon, whereas in phenols, it is
More informationEthers. Synthesis of Ethers. Chemical Properties of Ethers
Page 1 of 6 like alcohols are organic derivatives of water, but lack the labile -OH group. As a result, ethers, except for epoxides, are usually not very reactive and are often used as solvents for organic
More informationCHEM 263 Oct 11, Lecture Outline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes. Ethanol
CEM 263 ct 11, 2016 Lecture utline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohols are compounds that have a hydroxyl group (-) bonded to a carbon atom (but
More informationCommon Elements in Organic Compounds
Organic hemistry ommon Elements in Organic ompounds lassification of ydrocarbons Alkanes Alkanes have the general formula n 2n+2 where n = 1,2,3, only single covalent bonds saturated hydrocarbons because
More informationAll Classes of Organic Compounds
Amines All Classes of Organic Compounds ydrocarbons Functionalized ydrocarbons F,Cl,Br O,S, Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics alides -O- -S- -- Alcohols Phenols Ethers Thiols Dissulfides Amines O C O C
More informationHomework problems Chapters 6 and Give the curved-arrow formalism for the following reaction: CH 3 OH + H 2 C CH +
omework problems hapters 6 and 7 1. Give the curved-arrow formalism for the following reaction: : 3 - : 2 : 3 2-3 3 2. In each of the following sets, arrange the compounds in order of decreasing pka and
More informationOrganic Chemistry 1 CHM 2210 Exam 4 (December 10, 2001)
Exam 4 (December 10, 2001) Name (print): Signature: Student ID Number: There are 12 multiple choice problems (4 points each) on this exam. Record the answers to the multiple choice questions on THIS PAGE.
More informationChemistry 2321 OLD TEST QUESTIONS CH 3
Test No. 2 hemistry 2321 LD TEST QUESTNS Professor M. Pomerantz 1. n the following reaction the electrophile is: 3 3 + the group none of these 2. Given the reaction shown and the bond dissociation energies
More informationPartial Periodic Table
CEM 3311, Fall 2011 Professor Walba Third our Exam November 17, 2011 scores: 1) 20 2) 20 3) 20 4) 20 5) 20 100 CU onor Code Pledge: n my honor, as a University of Colorado at Boulder tudent, I have neither
More information