2nd Quarter Lab Assessment Review Packet

Transcription

1 Name Date Period Labs to be Assessed: 2nd Quarter Lab Assessment Review Packet Lab #8 - Using Measuring Tools Lab #9 - Introduction to the Compound Microscope Lab #10 - Using The Compound Microscope Lab #11 - Introduction to Chromatography Lab #12 - Chromatography Lab #13 - Chemical Indicators Lab #14 - Using Litmus and ph Paper Lab #15 - Testing for Monosaccharides using the Benedict s Test Lab #16 - Observing Cork & Onion Cells Lab #17 - How Plant and Animal Cells Differ Lab #18 - Cells of Your Body MEASURING TOOLS Graduated Cylinders are used to measure the of liquids in. To read a graduated cylinder look at level at the BOTTOM of the curve of the liquid known as the. The volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder to the left is ml. The volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder to the left is ml. An electronic balance measures in. Temperature is measured in degrees. Human body temperature is ⁰C.

2 A metric ruler is used to measure in centimeters. There are millimeters in 1 centimeter. 1cm = mm 4.2 cm = mm 41 cm = mm Record the length of the wasp s WING in cm mm THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE & CELLS Ocular - is also called the Arm Base Body Tube Stage Stage Clips Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Lamp/Illuminator Diaphragm Spotting lens Low Power Objective High Power Objective Nosepiece How would you correctly carry a microscope? What part controls the amount of light reaching the specimen? How would you switch between different objective lenses?

3 Describe how the FIELD OF VIEW changes when switching from LOW power to HIGH power. List TWO things a microscope does to the image of the specimen. Explain why the coarse adjustment knob should never be used when focusing on high power. How is the TOTAL MAGNIFICATION of a microscope calculated? Explain the steps you would take to make a WET-MOUNT slide to view a slice of onion skin with a compound microscope: How would you add stain to the specimen without removing the coverslip? Label the part of each cell listed below. Identify which cell is a PLANT CELL and which is an ANIMAL CELL. What is the structure found inside the NUCLEUS called? CELL MEMBRANE VACUOLE CELL WALL!! CYTOPLASM CHLOROPLAST NUCLEUS NAME 3 ways to tell the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell:

4 CHROMATOGRAPHY Background Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components. All forms of chromatography work on the same principle. They all have a stationary phase (a solid, or a liquid supported on a solid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas). The mobile phase flows through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture with it. Different components travel at different rates. Rf values Some compounds in a mixture travel almost as far as the solvent does; some stay much closer to the base line. The distance travelled relative to the solvent is a constant for a particular compound as long as you keep everything else constant - the type of paper and the exact composition of the solvent, for example. The Rf value measures the Rate of Flow of each pigment. The larger the Rf value, the father the pigment travels. The distance travelled relative to the solvent is called the Rf value. For each compound it can be worked out using the formula: Calculate the Rf value if one component of a mixture travelled 9.6 cm from the base line while the solvent had travelled 12.0 cm. ROUND TO THE HUNDRETH. SHOW WORK:!! DEFINE: Explain how the Chromatography Paper would look AFTER the SOLVENT passed through the pigment. Solvent- Solute- Soluble-

5 ph Scale/ Litmus Paper/pH Paper Acids have a ph than 7. Bases have a ph than 7. Another name for a BASIC substance is. The strongest ACID has a ph of. The strongest alkaline (basic) substance has a ph of. Neutral on the ph scale is. Pure water is, while lemon juice is an, and detergent is. Litmus paper comes in two colors: and. ph paper starts off orange, but can turn. Each color corresponds to a specific ph. If Red litmus turns BLUE, the substance is a(n) and has a ph greater than. If Blue litmus turns RED, the substance is a(n) and has a ph than 7. However, litmus paper will NOT tell you how an acid or base is. To get an exact value, you must use. If red litmus stays red and blue litmus stays blue, the substance is most like close to being, having a ph of. Base your answers to the following on the ph scale pictured on the left. WEAKEST Acid - STRONGEST Base - According to the scale pictured, blood is a with a ph of about.

6 CHEMICAL INDICATORS A chemical indicator is used to detect the presence of a specific substance by adding it to a solution and looking for a change in. Some common indicators are listed below. Phenolphthalein is colorless but will turn bright red/magenta in a(n). Bromothymol Blue will turn in the presence of carbon dioxide. Lugol s Iodine is usually yellow-red, or AMBER colored, but will turn in the presence of. Benedict s Solution will turn,,, or in the presence of a monosaccharide which is a sugar like. If a simple sugar is NOT present, Benedict s will remain. Explain why placing the test tube in a hot water bath is the safest way to heat the chemical mixture. Why should you NOT place a cork in the test tube while heating it? Explain why GLUCOSE would test POSITIVE with the Benedict s test, but STARCH would test negative. Why can a MONOSACCHARIDE be used to supply the body with QUICK energy. Why must STARCHY FOODS, such as oats or rice, be broken down (digested) before they can be used to supply energy? Would STARCHY FOODS such as rice and oats test positive or negative for monosaccharides using the BENEDICT S TEST? What indicator would be best to test for the presence of STARCH?