Report on 7th US-Japan Joint Seminar on Nanoscale Transport Phenomena Science and Engineering

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1 Report on 7th US-Japan Joint Seminar on Nanoscale Transport Phenomena Science and Engineering December 11-14, 2011, Shima, Japan co-chairs: Shigeo Maruyama, Kazuyoshi Fushinobu, Jennifer Lukes, Li Shi Sponsors: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science National Science Foundation, U.S.A. Office of Naval Research, U.S.A.

2 Participants 35 Japanese participants 31 US participants (including 5 assistant professors, 2 post-docs, and 3 grad students)

3 Technical Sections Interfacial Thermal Transport Thermophysical Measurements of Nanostructures Optical Characterization of Transport Processes Molecular Dynamics Simulation Phonon Transport Modeling Energy Conversion and Storage Novel Thermoelectric and Thermal Management Materials Nanocarbon Materials and Devices Nanoscale Fluidic and Phase Change Phenomena Transport in Biological and Organic Systems Opening Plenary Expert Panel Posters Culture Excursion Closing Summary

4 Focused Topics on Fundamental Phonon Transport Thermal Transport Across Interfaces Phonon-Interface Scattering in Nanostructures Heat Conduction Outside Nanostructures Coupled Electron and Phonon Transport in Devices Phonon Recycling Thermal Transport in Soft Matters

5 Haber Bosch Science Systems Society Whatever you do, ask yourself: How is this going to make a positive impact on the world? Arun Majumdar: Opening Plenary-Global Energy Challenge and Oportunities

6 Thermal Transport at Solid-Solid Interfaces < 50 nm < 500 μm < 100 mm < 5 cm As device features approach the mean-free-path of pertinent energy carriers (~ nm at room temperature), scattering at interfaces is the dominant factor limiting conductance A typical resistance of m 2 K/W is equivalent to ~ mm Si G. Chen. Nanoscale Energy Transport and Conversion, Oxford Press, 2005 Pamela M. Norris U. Va. Nanoscale Energy Transport Lab December 13, 2011 Experimental, Computational, and Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Boundary Conductance 6

7 h BD at various interfaces Highest known conductance is at good metal interfaces (Al/Cu) where electrons dominate transport Lowest is between materials with highly mismatched phonon modes and Debye temperatures (such as Bi/H-diamond) h BD between ~ MW/m 2 K at room temperature Progress & Achievement We now have powerful tools (experiment and computation). Pop, Nano Res, 3, , 2010

8 Boundary Conductance, G [W/m 2 -K] Effect of Phonon Focusing on Thermal Transport 1.E graphite Al Increase v ab reduce transport in c. Anisotropic DMM agrees much better with experiments. (No free parameters in either model.) E+09 Traditional: Isotropic DMM v iso Iso-DMM v iso E+08 New: Anisotropic DMM Experiments [Schmidt et al., JAP (2010)] E Chris Dames 10 Temperature, T [K] Aniso- DMM v c v ab

9 Interfacial Thermal Transport Issues: Inelastic Scattering Processes Role of Optical Phonons Role of Electrons Physical Aspects of the Interface Bonding Effects at the Interface Pamela M. Norris U. Va. Nanoscale Energy Transport Lab December 13, 2011 Experimental, Computational, and Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Boundary Conductance 9

10 Interfacial Thermal Transport Nanoscale Thermal Transport by Cahill, Ford, Goodson, Mahan, Majumdar, Maris, Merlin, and Phillpot, Journal of Applied Physics, 93, , the interactions of phonons with a single interface still offers significant challenges to both experiments and theory/simulation spectral methods, involving phonons of well-defined frequencies and wave vectors, offer the promise of providing insignts into thermal transport not accessible by more traditional experiments a need for simulations of the interaction of individual phonons with interfaces Future Directions Pamela M. Norris U. Va. Nanoscale Energy Transport Lab December 13, 2011 Experimental, Computational, and Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Boundary Conductance 10

11 Interface Scattering of Phonons in Graphene and Nanotubes Ong, Shiomi, Phys. Rev. B 84, (2011) Seol,, Shi, Science 328, 313 (2010) Relevance: nanotubes and graphene are supported on a substrate or embedded in a medium in most foreseeable applications. Issues: Roughness scattering or phonon leakage? Directions: Engineer interface interaction to enhance thermal transport in nanostructures?

12 Enhanced and Switchable Nanoscale Thermal Conduction Due to van der Waals Interfaces J. Yang,, D. Li, Nature Nanotech 7,91 (2012) The thermal conductivity of double ribbons could be 45-75% higher than that of single ribbons and tuned by wetting the interface between two ribbons with different solutions. Potential approach to engineering thermal transport in nanostructure assembly

13 Surface Scattering of Phonons in Nanowires and Casimir s Limit Symbols: D. Li, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2934 (2003). A. I. Hochbaum, et al., Nature 451,163 (2008). A. I. Boukai, et al., Nature 451, 168 (2008). K. Hippalgaonkar, et al., Nano Letters 10, 4341 (2010). Lines: Casimir s limit of diffuse boundary scattering. Relevant to heat dissipation in nanoelectronic devices

14 Issues and Directions: Surface roughness scattering or bulk defects? Multiscale simulation of larger structures?

15 Issue: Ballistic effects

16 Quantitative Nanoscale Imaging of Temperature Fields Line Scan Direction Measured and Modeled Temperature Profiles of a 200 nm Wide Line Pramod Reddy Topographical Image of Temperature Profiles

17 Phonon Recycling Phonon recycling as a possible path to enhanced efficiency of lasers and photovoltaic devices Massoud Kaviany

18 Tahu Ohara: Closing Summary- The Middle Way: Thermal Transport in Soft Matter

19 Direction: Tahu Ohara: Closing Summary- The Middle Way: Thermal Transport in Soft Matter

20 Gang Chen: Closing Summary-Two Decades of Micro/Nanoscale Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

21 Gang Chen: Closing Summary-Two Decades of Micro/Nanoscale Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

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