11/10/2017. All compounds can be represented with formulas. 1) Rb 2 S 2) Ga 2 Se 3 3) NaOH. 4) Fe(NO 3 ) 3. No subscript implies 1 atom.
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1 1.What type of elements make an ionic bond? 2. What type of bond is created when electrons are shared unequally? 3. Ionic or Covalent? a. MgBr 2 b. AlF 3 4. Come up with an analogy to explain Ionic vs. Covalent vs. Metallic bonds to a second grader what s your cartoon look like? Objectives I will be able to correctly balance ionic compound formulas. I will be able to name ionic compounds. Agenda 1. What s a formula? 2. Lewis Dot Structures, pt.1 3. Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds Transition metals- what s different? 4. Naming Compounds Polyatomic ions Puzzle! 5. Ionic Naming Challenge Notice the agenda is FULL! Need your focused attention today, each topic builds on the one before it- No time to space out! Like Dalton said, 2 or more atoms bonded together creates COMPOUNDS. What is a compound? A compound is a pure substance, 2 or more different elements chemically bonded together All compounds can be represented with formulas. A formula is the simplest ratio of elements in a compound General form: X A Y B where X, Y are elements and A, B are subscript numbers- belong to the element to the left, tell the # of atoms bonded. Ex: GaCl 3-1 gallium ionically bonded to 3 chlorines. 1) Rb 2 S 2) Ga 2 Se 3 3) NaOH *Remember, each capital letter symbolizes a new element. N 2 O - 2 nitrogens covalently bonded to 1 oxygen. No subscript implies 1 atom. 4) Fe(NO 3 ) 3 No subscript implies a 1 Parentheses multiply by the # outside 1
2 1. Compounds are made when atoms make. 2. In order to bond, atoms have to get close to one another. Protons?/Electrons? are the particles that touch. 3. Specifically it s the electrons that do all the work, being on the outside. 4. is the stable number of valence electrons! Lewis Dot Structures (LDS) are helpful to represent bonding atoms; LDS only show valence electrons. 4 sides act like equal Energy orbitals, still follow the octet rule and Hund s Rule (all singles before any doubles) Boron, Bohr model to LDS: It does not matter on which side you start. * Title your notes like this: Draw Lewis Dot Structures (LDS) for these atoms: We get binary compounds when 2 elements react. All of these make binary IONIC compounds: Compounds: Li Cl Li Cl Sr O Sr O B N B N The nonmetal completely takes the electronsnow we have ions. What is the overall charge? Okay- what about Ca + Cl? Ca Cl Cl Now we have CaCl 2 need 2 chlorine Can get this by just knowing the charges Ex. K + S: K S *Find the ion charges on your Periodic Table! Put this subtitle in your notes: Examples: Ba +2 Cl -1 1) List ionic charges 2) Criss-cross the numbers to be subscripts (not the + or -) 3) Reduce when you can Al +3 Br -1 Fe +2 N -3 Sn +4 S -2 Mg +2 Se -2 2
3 Put this subtitle in your notes: *Notice- the charges all add up to zero *BIG DEAL*- Compounds have an OVERALL neutral charge. Formula = the simplest ratio of elements in a compound. (that s why we reduce.) Objective: Students will be able to balance binary ionic compounds. How are ionic compounds formed? By transfering electrons from metals to nonmetals A binary compound has how many elements? 2 What is the overall charge of a compound? Neutral, zero What do you need to know about the elements to balance an ionic compound? The ionic charges 1. What s a formula? 2. Lewis Dot Structures, pt.1 3. Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds Transition metals- what s different? 4. Naming Compounds Polyatomic ions Puzzle! 5. Ionic Naming Challenge Write the ionic charges & the binary compound made: When you write a correct ionic formula, we say that you have balanced the charges, so you ve written a balanced formula a. d. k. b. e. L. c f. n. d. g. o. h. p. Write the binary ionic compound formula for when these elements combine: 1. calcium and phosphorus 2. aluminum and chlorine 3. magnesium and sulfur 4. nickel and bromine 3
4 can have different positive charges a.k.a. oxidation states charges can be found on Table of Common Ions (keep this handout!) Most common: Often produce bright colored compounds *Notice, silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) are missing. They always make the same charge: Ag +1 Cd +2 Zn +2 Balancing Formulas : Write balanced formulas for letters i and j. Since these are transition metals, write a formula for each possible charge. i. Fe N Fe N j. Sn Br Fancy name for naming compounds! Sn Br If you know the name of the elements in the compound, naming is really simple! Turn to the back side and follow along. (Rules #1, #2) Go back and NAME compounds a-e a. Li 2 O b. BeF 2 c. KI d. K 2 Se e. CaS 4
5 Look at #4 on the Nomenclature side. Roman numerals tell the charge on the metal ion. I - II - III - IV - V VI - VII - VIII - IX - X Go back and NAME the compounds for letters i & j: i. Fe 3 N 2 FeN j. SnBr 2 SnBr 4 If you have more than 2 elements in a compound, you most likely have a polyatomic ion. Polyatomic Ion= a group of atoms with a charge that act as 1 unit. Example: NO 3-1 Nitrate [ ] -1 What do a lot of these ions have in common? To write a formula - still criss-cross the charges, IF more than 1 PAI is needed, MUST have parentheses! with the subscript outside- shows that it acts as 1 unit. Ex. Mg +2 and NO 3-1 Polyatomic Ion= a group of atoms with a charge that act as 1 unit Mg(NO 3 ) 2 Naming with PAI is super easy use the specific name of the PAI. Example above is magnesium nitrate. aa. Sr C 2 H 3 O 2 bb. Ba CO 3 gg. NH 4 PO 4 cc. Hg PO 4 Problems aa-ll: Balance AND name the compounds. Look at #6 on Chemistry Nomenclature. Acids always start with Hydrogen. Acids can be named and balanced ionically, but they are given special names. You need to MEMORIZE these 5 acid names. Fix this typo on your sheet: Look at #7- Bases always end with OH -1. Bases are balanced and named the same as the previous rules. Ex. Be(OH) 2 is beryllium hydroxide 5
6 1. Which types of compounds have the -ide ending? Binary compounds, only 2 elements 2. When do you need Roman numerals in the name? What does the numeral stand for? When the metal can have more than one charge, the numeral is the CHARGE on the ion Homework due next class: Completed Balancing Formulas worksheet. Lab next class! For each chemical combo that yields a reaction, what s the formula and name of the product?? 6
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