Acids and Bases. Oil of vitrol, battery acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Acetic acid Sodium hydroxide

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1 Acids and Bases 4.1. Arrhenius Theory of A&B ACID(A): a substance BASE(B): a substance which releases in water SALT: the product of a rxn ionic substance that is neither or Acid + Base + HCl + NaOH H 2 O + NaCl Acids: Ionic and begins with H Bases: Ionic and ends in OH Salt: Ionic, but neither A or B HCl / HNO 3 / H 2 SO 4 NaOH / KOH / Ca(OH) 2 KBr / FePO 4 / Li 2 CO 3 Presence of H + causes ACIDS to Presence of OH - causes BASES to React with React with Be Be React with some to form H 2 Feel Turn litmius paper Turn litmus paper Taste Taste RE ACI D B LUE ASE 4.2.Some Common Acids and Bases A trick to remember how the color of litmus paper is affected by acids and bases CHEMICAL NAME FORMULA COMMERCIAL NAMEs Oil of vitrol, battery acid NaOH Acids You may eat a dilute version of this acid. Used in making fertilizers and explosives. Cleans metal products by removing metal oxides Helps in digesting proteins in our stomach Making plastics Turns proteins and your skin yellow Used in car batteries 1

2 Bases Used in making fertilizers and explosives Used to make liquid soap Involved in the production of glass and paper Used for making soaps and oven cleaner Found in alkaline batteries Helps to keep your milk cold 4.3 The Hydronium Ion and Water Recall from chem. 11 water is Due to uneven sharing of Therefore 1 side is slightly (has 2 lone pair of electrons) the other side is slightly These electrons are to attack by H + Why the Hydronium Ion Forms p. 115 H + is a very highly positive charge Therefore H+ is strongly to any negative charge H + ions themselves to water molecules So if water is present all H + forms ALSO H + is called the H 3 O + is called the o or the Example: HCl gas being added to water. Dissociation equation: Rewritten as: Hebden #

3 Acids and Bases 4.1. Arrhenius Theory of A&B ACID(A): a substance which releases H+ in water BASE(B): a substance which releases OH- in water SALT: the product of a neutralization rxn ionic substance that is neither acid or base A + B Water + Salt HCl + NaOH H 2 O + NaCl Acids: Ionic and begins with H Bases: Ionic and ends in OH Salt:Ionic, but neither A or B HCl / HNO 3 / H 2 SO 4 NaOH / KOH / Ca(OH) 2 KBr / FePO 4 / Li 2 CO 3 Presence of H + causes ACIDS to Presence of OH - causes BASES to React with bases React with acids Be electrolytes Be electrolytes React with some metals to form H 2 Feel slippery Turn litmius paper RED Turn litmus paper BLUE Taste sour Taste bitter RE ACI D B LUE ASE 4.2.Some Common Acids and Bases A trick to remember how the color of litmus paper is affected by acids and bases CHEMICAL NAME FORMULA COMMERCIAL NAMEs Oil of vitrol, battery acid NaOH Acids You may eat a dilute version of this acid. Used in making fertilizers and explosives. Cleans metal products by removing metal oxides Helps in digesting proteins in our stomach Making plastics Turns proteins and your skin yellow Used in car batteries 3

4 Bases Used in making fertilizers and explosives Used to make liquid soap Involved in the production of glass and paper Used for making soaps and oven cleaner Found in alkaline batteries Helps to keep your milk cold 4.3 The Hydronium Ion and Water Recall from chem. 11 water is polar Due to uneven sharing of electrons Therefore 1 side is slightly negative (has 2 lone pair of electrons) the other side is slightly positive These electrons are vulnerable to attack by H + Why the Hydronium Ion Forms p. 115 H + is a very highly concentrated positive charge Therefore H+ is strongly attracted to any negative charge H + ions attach themselves to available water molecules So if water is present all H + forms H 3 O + ALSO H + is called the proton H 3 O + is called the hydronium ion o or the hydrated proton Example: HCl gas being added to water. Dissociation equation: HCl H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Rewritten as: H 2 O + HCl H 3 O + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Hebden #

5 Possible Exam Type Questions?? Describe 3 uses of acids in industry. Describe 3 uses of bases in industry. Describe 3 uses of acids in the home. Describe 3 uses of bases in the home. 5