SG 4 Elements and Chemical Bonds 5 States of Matter

Transcription

1 Name Date Period SG 4 Elements and Chemical Bonds 5 States of Matter 4.1 Electrons and Energy Levels Directions: On the line before each definition, write the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 166 points total Directions: Use your textbook to answer each question. Use the underlined words to write complete sentences. (4 points each sentence 36 points total) 1. How are elements organized on the periodic table? Energy levels Helium Low-energy electrons Periodic table Neon Group Valence electrons Atomic number Chemical bonds Hydrogen 1. organized layout of elements 2. elements with similar properties 2. What are the three main classifications of the elements? 3. What is a chemical bond? 4. What determines an element s atomic number? 3. number of protons 4. locations of electrons 5. Which electrons in an atom have the most energy, and which ones have the least? 5. innermost electrons 6. unpaired dots in electron dot diagram 7. force holding atoms together in compounds 8. the smallest atom 6. Which electrons in an atom take part in chemical bonding, and what are they called? 7. What kind of diagram is used to show how many of these electrons an atom has? 8. What name is given to elements with eight outer electrons? 9. stable with two electrons 9. Which element is a nobel gas, although it has only two electrons? 10. stable with ten electrons Page 1 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.

2 Name Date Period Lesson 4.2 Compounds, Chemical Formulas, and Covalent Bonds Directions: On the line before each statement, write correct if the statement is correct or not correct if the statement is not correct. If the statement is not correct, change the underlined word(s) to make it correct. (25 points this page) Directions: On each line, write the term that correctly completes each sentence. 1. is the chemical formula of carbon dioxide. 1. A compound is a substance that is composed of two or more different kinds of molecules. 2. Compounds are held together by chemical bonds. 3. CO 2 is the structural formula of carbon dioxide. 4. When nonmetals combine with other nonmetals, they usually form covalent bonds. 5. A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. 6. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit. 7. Compounds formed with covalent bonds usually have high melting and boiling points. 8. Compounds formed with covalent bonds are good conductors of electricity. 9. A polar molecule has a slight positive end and a slight negative end because of the unequal sharing of electrons. 10. Water is an example of a polar molecule. 2. One carbon dioxide molecule consists of carbon atom(s) and oxygen atom(s). 3. When nonmetals form compounds by joining with other nonmetals, they tend to establish bonds. 4. A(n) is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonding that acts as an independent unit. 5. These compounds are usually or at room temperature. 6. These compounds usually have low and points. 7. In addition, they are poor conductors of. 8. A molecule that has a slight positive end and a slight negative end is called a(n) molecule. 11. Carbon dioxide is an example of a polar molecule. 12. Atoms combine with chemical bonds to make molecules. Page 2 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.

3 Name Date Period Lesson 4-3 Ionic and Metallic Bonds Ionic and Metallic Bonds 26 points this page Key Concept What is an ionic compound? Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term is used only once. atoms elements ionic ions metals negative nonmetals positive sharing table salt transfer 1. The bonding of and involve the does not of electrons. 2. Instead, this type of bonding is characterized by the of electrons. 3. When join in this way, their become. 4. The loss of one or more electrons results in a(n) charge; the gain of one or more electrons results in a(n) charge. 5. One common compound is NaCL, also known as. Key Concept How do metallic bonds differ from covalent and ionic bonds? Directions: On the line before each description, write C if it represents covalent bonding, I if it represents ionic bonding, and M if it represents metallic bonding. 1. pooled electrons 2. shared electron pairs 3. transferred electrons 4. between metal atoms 5. between metals and nonmetals 6. between nonmetals 7. forms molecules 8. electrons moving freely among atoms 9. electrically charged but stable atoms 10. single, double, or triple bonds 11. a sea of electrons 12. table salt sodium chloride 13. water 14. carbon dioxide 15. brass bell Page 3 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.

4 Name Date Period Fill in the missing information on the data table below: (24 points) Lesson 5-1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Directions: Write the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once high-energy matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. 2. the amount of matter in an object 3. the amount of space that a sample of matter occupies 4. mass per unit volume 5. ways in which atoms, ions, or molecules move 6. movement in all directions and at different speeds 7. the way freely-moving particles move 8. the positively charged parts of atoms 9. the negatively charged parts of atoms 10. oppositely charged particles attract each other 11. The particle speed is slowest and the attractive forces between particles is strongest. 12. The particle speed is slower than in a gas and faster than in a solid. attractive forces between particles is the weakest density electrons gas liquid mass particle forces particle motion plasma protons random motion solid straight lines volume The particle speed is the fastest and the 37 points this page State of Matter Size (Volume) Shape Strength of Attractive Forces Between Particles Arrangement of Particles Speed of Particle Movement Examples Page 4 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.

5 Name Date Period 16 points Lesson 5-2 Changes in State Directions: Each of the sentences below is false. Make the sentence true by replacing the underlined word(s) with a term from the list below. Write your changes on the lines provided. condensation deposition evaporation kinetic energy sublimation temperature thermal energy vaporization 1. The process of thermal energy is the opposite of the process of evaporation. 2. The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is measured by the substance s condensation. 3. It rained yesterday; however, due to vaporization, the puddles are all gone today. Key Concept What happens to thermal energy when matter changes from one state to another? Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Use the diagram to answer each question (and study). condensation freezing melting vaporization 4. The gaseous state of a given substance has greater deposition than the liquid or solid states because the particles of the substance are moving more in the gaseous state than in the other states. 5. The process of thermal energy is the opposite of the process of deposition. 6. Kinetic energy is different from temperature because it includes the total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object. 7. Temperature results in matter changing from a gas directly to a solid, without going through the liquid state. 1. If thermal energy is added to a liquid, the following change occurs: 2. If thermal energy is added to a solid, the following change occurs: 3. If thermal energy is removed from a liquid, the following change occurs:. 4. If thermal energy is removed from a gas, the following change occurs: 5. One of the pictures shows the balloon before it has been heated and the other picture shows the balloon after it has been heated. Label each and describe what happened to the molecules. (6 points total) 8. Evaporation and boiling result in sublimation of a liquid Page 5 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.

6 Name Date Period Across 4. center of the atom discovered by Rutherford, contains protons and neutrons 5. small particle that is the building block of matter 6. amount of space taken up by matter, measured in ml or cm3 8. representation or working version created to understand something that is too big, too small, or too complicated to understand otherwise 9. matter that has an indefinite shape and a definite volume 13. theory idea that all matter is made of discrete units called atoms 14. a measure of how tightly packed molecules are; mass per unit volume of a substance 15. matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape 16. measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material 16 points Down 1. movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration 2. thermal energy that is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object 3. small fragment of matter 7. two or more atoms that are held by a covalent bonds and act as a unit 10. anything that has mass and takes up space 11. amount of matter in an object, measured in grams 12. matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume Page 6 Utah Core Curriculum Standard I Atoms Objective 1 Describe the structure of matter in terms of atoms and molecules.