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1 IES LAURETUM SCIENCE NAME. 1
2 CONTENTS 1. STATES 6F 0ATTER 2. STATES 6F 0ATTER AND THE5R *R6*ERT5ES 3. 25NET5C THE6RY 4. CHANGE 6F STATE 6F 0ATTER Break the code: Find the letter for each number * = 0 = 1 = 2 = 5 = 6 = ANSWER THE QUESTIONS 1. Why is it very difficult to compress solids and liquids? 2. Can water exist in more than one state? 3. Can all sustances be found in any of the three states of matter? 4. How do you change the shape of a liquid? Is it the same for a gas? 5. What about a solid? Can you change its shape or its volume? 2
3 1. STATES OF MATTER Fill in these tables according to the properties of each state: Shape (fixed/not fixed) Compression (yes/no) Flowing (yes/no) Volume (fixed/not fixed) Density (high/low) SOLID LIQUID GAS Arrangement of particles SOLID LIQUID GAS Forces between the particles Movement of the particles Distance between the particles 3
4 2. STATES OF MATTER AND THEIR PROPERTIES SOLIDS They have a constant shape. Solids have a fixed volume and can not flow. Usually they have a high density because there are many particles in a small volume. LIQUIDS Liquids have no fixed shape, they take the shape of the container. They have a fixed volume and can flow. Their densities are lower than solids, however they also have high densities. GASES Gases have no fixed shape, they take the shape of the container. Gases expand to occupy all available space. They can flow. They have low densities because there are few particles in a large volume. They can easily compress. ACTIVITIES 1.Draw the arrangement of particles in each state. 2. Copy the sentences below. Fill in the blanks, choosing words from those above. material gas particle liquid container solid volume a) In a, the particles are spaced out and move about at high speed. b) In a, the particles are close together and cannot change positions. c) In a, the particles are close together and can change positions. 4
5 3. KINETIC THEORY The states of matter according to the kinetic theory: Matter is made up of tiny particles. Between them are empty spaces. The particles within matter are in constant motion Temperature affects the speed of particles. There are forces which attract the particles. Particles in a solid are very close together, held by strong forces of attraction. They vibrate but do not change position. Particles in a liquid are close together, held by weak forces of attraction. They have some freedom of movement. They can flow and slide easily. Particles in a gas are quite far apart and move quickly in all direction. The particles have no force of attraction. They collide with each other. ACTIVITIES 1.In which of the states of matter are the particles closest together? 2. Why is it very difficult to compress solids or liquids? 3.Describe how the particles move in solids, liquids and gases. 4.Why do solids generally have a higher density than liquids, and liquids a higher density than gases? 5. Complete : is made up of tiny, surrounded by spaces There are which attract the The within matter are in constant 5
6 4. CHANGES OF STATES OF MATTER 1. Copy and complete the following sentences: a. The change from solid to liquid is called b. The change from gas to liquid is called.. c. The change from liquid to gas is called.. d. The change from liquid to solid is called 2. What is the melting point of a substance? 3. The boiling point of pure water is 100ºC and its melting point is 0ºC. How can you test tap water to see if it is pure? Fill in the blanks of the text on page 7 using the words from this list. WORD BANK Boil Change Condensation Energy Forces Fusion Gas Gas Gas Kinetic Liquid Liquid Liquid Melting Melting Melting Particles Point Point Point Point Process Pure Same Solid Solid Solid Solid Solidification State Sublimation Sublimation Substance Substance Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Vaporization 6
7 CHANGING STATES When a is heated it may reach a. at which it melts and turns into a liquid. According to the. Theory, the. in the solid get more energy as they are heated. Eventually they get enough energy to break free of the. that hold them in place in the solid. If you keep heating, the. will boil and turn into a. This is because the particles now have enough. to break free completely. The. point of a substance is the. at which it changes state from a. to a liquid The boiling. of a substance is the temperature at which it changes. from a. to a. A pure. will always melt and. at the same. Its. point and boiling. are fixed. If a substance is impure ( a mixture) its.. and boiling. change. We can test a. to see if it is., if we know what its melting and boiling points are. When a solid changes into a liquid the. is called melting or. The reverse process, when a liquid is cooled and changes to a. is called. The.of a substance at fusion and solidification is always the. When a liquid evaporates into a., the process is called. The reverse., when a gas changes into a liquid, is called. When a. changes into a gas without first becoming a., the process is called. The reverse process is called regressive. 7
8 Glossary English Spanish 8
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