EIGHT BOTTLES. H H H O Na + O Cl O H H H. Hydrated sodium ion and chloride ion
|
|
- Audrey Sheryl Wilson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EIGHT BOTTLES 1 Chemists often do "detective work" in the lab. In order to figure out the answer to a question or to solve a mystery, chemists perform a variety of tests and analyses, then interpret the resulting data. Your goal in this lab is to do just such an analysis. You will identify the contents of eight different bottles. Each bottle contains one ionic compound (a salt), one acid or one base dissolved in water. Since ionic compounds and acids form ions when dissolved in water, each bottle contains freely floating ions in solution. For example, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl, contains Na + ions and Cl ions in solution. When dissolved in the water, the solid NaCl crystal lattice is broken apart, ion by ion. Each ion is then surrounded by a group of water molecules. The oxygen atoms of the water molecules tend to congregate near cations (positive ions), while the hydrogen atoms of the water tend to congregate near anions (negative ions). Ions surrounded by water molecules are said to be "hydrated ions." H H H O Na + O Cl O H H H Hydrated sodium ion and chloride ion When two aqueous solutions that contain ions are combined, the most likely event is a double displacement reaction. During such a reaction, there is an exchange of ions between the two compounds. Sometimes a solid, a liquid, and/or a gas is formed during this exchange. Sometimes nothing forms during the combination no solid, no liquid, no gas. For such a combination, we say no reaction has occurred. If a reaction does occur, the product can usually be determined by examining solubility rules. For example, in the case of combining AgNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq), a white solid is formed. The formulas of the products are determined by exchanging the Ag + and Na + ions with NO3 and Cl as follows: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(?) + NaNO3(?) [Eqn. 1] Which product is the observed solid? A table of water solubilities indicates that AgCl does NOT dissolve in water, but NaNO3 does dissolve in water. Therefore, the products should be labelled as AgCl(s) and NaNO3(aq).
2 2 A very useful form of Eqn. 1 is called the net ionic equation of the reaction. Such an equation shows the simplest summary of the reaction that occurred when the solutions were combined. The net ionic equation for Eqn. 1 is: Ag + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl(s) [Eqn. 2] This summary tells the reader that Ag + ions came from solution 1, Cl ions came from solution 2, and when combined, they formed the solid AgCl crystal lattice. The Na + ions and NO3 ions really did not do much of anything. They began as freely floating ions in their respective solutions, and they ended that way. That's not a change at all! Ions that begin and end in the same state are called spectator ions. Spectator ions are NOT included in a net ionic equation. Often when beginning to write a net ionic equation, all a student has are the formulas of the reactants. To complete a net ionic equation, follow these five steps. 1) Write the formulas of the products. 2) Balance the equation. 3) Assign correct state symbols (s, l, g, aq) to the reactants and products. To do so, you will need to consider solubility rules, and whether a substance is a strong or weak acid or base. 4) Rewrite the equation in ionic form. Show ions of aqueous strong electrolytes separately. For example: NaCl(aq) = Na + + Cl NaNO3(aq) = Na + + NO3 BaCl2(aq) = Ba Cl HCl(aq) = H + + Cl 2 NaCl(aq) = 2 Na Cl A weak electrolyte, such as acetic acid, HC2H3O2, does not ionize completely and is thus not written in ionic form. 5) Cross out spectator ions in the full ionic equation. What's left is the net ionic equation. When applied to the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl, the process looks like this: Steps 1-3 result in the... FULL EQUATION: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) Step 4 gives the... FULL IONIC EQUATION: Ag + + NO3 + Na + + Cl AgCl(s) + Na + + NO3 (all ions here are assumed to be aq) Step 5 concludes with the... NET IONIC EQUATION: Ag + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl(s)
3 Similarly, for the reaction between KOH and HCN, the process looks like this: 3 Steps 1-3 result in the... FULL EQUATION: KOH(aq) + HCN(aq) KCN(aq) + H2O(l) Step 4 gives the... FULL IONIC EQUATION: K + + OH + HCN(aq) K + + CN + H2O(l) (remember, HCN is a weak electrolyte) Step 5 concludes with the... NET IONIC EQUATION: OH - (aq) + HCN(aq) CN + H2O(l) Some combinations of ions form products which immediately decompose. Often this decomposition is accompanied by the formation of a gas. Some of the gases have recognizable odors which can aid in identification of the unknown solutions. Five compounds that decompose when they are produced during a double displacement reaction are ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulfurous acid (H2SO3), thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3) and nitrous acid (HNO2): NH4OH H2CO3 H2SO3 HNO2 NH3(g) + H2O(l) CO2(g) + H2O(l) SO2(g) + H2O(l) NO(g) + H2O(l) + HNO3(aq) The first four equations are balanced as shown. The last decomposition, for nitrous acid, must be balanced this way: 3 HNO2 2 NO(g) + H2O(l) + HNO3(aq). When a reaction includes a product that decomposes, follow the same 5-step procedure to write its net ionic equation. However, after step 2 (balancing the equation) replace the decomposed compound with the new compounds that it forms. Then proceed as usual. For example, consider the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). FULL EQUATION: 2 HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + H2CO3(aq) decomposes 2 HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) 2 NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) new compounds made
4 4 FULL IONIC EQUATION: NET IONIC EQUATION: 2 H Cl + 2 Na + + CO3 2 2 Na Cl + CO2(g) + H2O(l) (all ions here are assumed to be aq) 2 H + (aq) + CO3 2 (aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) Some double displacement reactions do not form a precipitate or a gas. In a neutralization reaction an acid and a base react to form water and a salt that is water soluble. Although no change is observed, a reaction has occurred. For example HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
5 PROCEDURE 5 SAFETY NOTE Handle all solutions with care. Avoid skin and eye contact. Some solutions are harmless, but some contain potentially toxic or damaging compounds: AgNO3, H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH and BaCl2. To be safe, treat each unknown as if it were harmful. If a solution does spill on you, wash the affected area with copious amounts of water and notify your instructor of the solution number. Part I - Known Solutions That Form Precipitates Or Gases The purpose of this procedure is to become acquainted with the appearance of precipitates that form when small amounts of solutions are combined. 1. Combine the following solutions by placing 5-10 drops of each on a watch glass. In each case, a precipitate should form. Identify the precipitate that formed. Record detailed observations (color, appearance, etc.) on the data sheet. NOTE: As you work, make sure you avoid contaminating solutions. A. silver nitrate (AgNO3) and barium chloride (BaCl2) B. silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium iodide (KI) C. silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) D. barium chloride (BaCl2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) HOW TO AVOID CONTAMINATION The dropper bottle tip should NEVER touch the watch glass, or a solution which is on the watch glass. dropper tip watchglass solution
6 6 2. Combine the following solutions by placing 5-10 drops of each on a watch glass. In each case, a gas should form. Carefully smell immediately after mixing. Record your observations (odor, etc.) on the data sheet. NOTE: As you work, make sure you avoid contaminating solutions. Part II - Unknown Sets A. sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) B. sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) C. sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) The purpose of this part of the lab is to identify the contents of the given bottles. You will work with four bottles at a time. Make every possible combination and record your observations. Then, use solubility rules and other information discussed in this experiment to determine which compound is in which bottle. After the first set of four bottles, check your identification with your instructor before going on to the next set of four bottles. 1. BOTTLES 1, 2, 3 AND 4 In these four bottles are the following compounds, listed here alphabetically: barium chloride (BaCl 2 ) potassium iodide (KI) silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) Combine the solutions two at a time by placing 5-10 drops of each on a watch glass. First bottles 1 and 2, then 1 and 3, then 1 and 4. Next 2 and 3, 2 and 4 and finally 3 and 4. Look for signs of precipitate formation or gas formation. Record your observations on the data sheet. Then figure out the contents of each bottle. 2. BOTTLES 5, 6, 7 AND 8 In these four bottles are the following compounds, listed here alphabetically: ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) nitric acid (HNO 3 ) silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Combine the solutions two at a time by placing 5-10 drops of each on a watch glass. First bottles 5 and 6, then 5 and 7, then 5 and 8. Next 6 and 7, 6 and 8 and finally 7 and 8. Look for signs of precipitate formation or gas formation. Record your observations on the data sheet. Then figure out the contents of each bottle.
7 7 SOLUBILITY RULES Cl Br I OH NO2 NO3 SO3 2 SO4 2 S2O3 2 Na + Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl K + Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl H + Sbl Sbl Sbl H2O! Dec Sbl Dec Sbl Dec NH4 + Sbl Sbl Sbl Dec Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Ag + Ins Ins Ins Ins s sbl Sbl Ins s sbl Ins Ba 2+ Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl Sbl s sbl Ins s sbl Ca 2+ Sbl Sbl Sbl Ins Sbl Sbl Ins s sbl s sbl Sbl = soluble in water Ins = insoluble in water s sbl = slightly soluble (depending on amounts used, may or may not see precipitate) Dec = decomposes in water Trends Worth Noting 1. All compounds containing Na +, K + or NH4 + as the cation are soluble in water. 2. All compounds containing NO3 - as the anion are soluble in water. 3. Most compounds containing Cl -, Br - and I - as anions are soluble in water (exceptions are compounds with Ag +, Pb +2, or Hg2 +2 as the cation). 4. Most compounds containing SO4 2- as the anion are soluble in water (exceptions are compounds with Pb +2, Hg2 +2, Sr +2, or Ba +2 as the cation). Colors of Solids Many ionic solids are white. Some (especially those containing a transition metal as the cation) have a color besides white. Here are some colors of interest: AgBr = pale yellow (may appear as cloudy white when using small amounts) AgI = pale yellow AgCl = bright white (turns gray-lavender on exposure to light for a few minutes) AgOH = brown (forms as AgOH but decomposes in solution to Ag2O) AgNO2 = white Ag2S2O3 = brown BaSO4 = white BaSO3 = white
8 8 This page left blank intentionally
9 9 EIGHT BOTTLES Data Sheet Name Partner Part I OBSERVATIONS 1. A. B. C. D. 2. A. B. C. Part II OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS BOTTLE DISSOLVED COMPOUND
10 BOTTLE DISSOLVED COMPOUND
11 11 EIGHT BOTTLES Post-lab Assignment On a separate sheet of paper, write the net ionic equation for each of the reactions you carried out in Part II of this lab. Label the reactions by number combination (for example, 1+2, 1+3, etc.). Follow the 5-step procedure outlined in the handout. For each, write (1) the full equation, (2) the full ionic equation and finally (3) the net ionic equation. If no reaction occurred, simply write NR (no equations required). Your paper should look like this: Bottle Combination 1+2 Full Eqn: Full Ionic Eqn: Net Ionic Eqn: 1+3 Full Eqn: Full Ionic Eqn: Net Ionic Eqn: 1+4 Full Eqn: Full Ionic Eqn: Net Ionic Eqn: Etc.
12 12 This page left blank intentionally
13 EIGHT BOTTLES Pre-lab Questions 13 Name Section 1. Four bottles are numbered 1-4, with no other labels on them. One bottle contains BaCl2(aq), another one contains KI(aq), a third one contains AgNO3(aq), and the final bottle contains H2SO4(aq). However, there is no indication which bottle contains which solution. You do the following experiments: Mixing bottle 2 and 3 gives a yellow precipitate. Mixing bottle 2 and 4 gives a white precipitate that turns lavender. Indicate which solution is in each of bottles 1,2,3, and Use the 5-step procedure described in this experiment to write full, full ionic and net ionic equations for the following reactions. Use the solubility rules to determine the states of the products. If no reaction occurs, write NR (for "no reaction.") A. AgNO3(aq) + CaBr2(aq) FULL EQUATION: FULL IONIC EQUATION: NET IONIC EQUATION: B. H2SO4(aq) + KCN(aq) FULL EQUATION: FULL IONIC EQUATION: NET IONIC EQUATION: C. HC2H3O2 (aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) Last revised 9/28/2016 DN FULL EQUATION: FULL IONIC EQUATION: NET IONIC EQUATION:
Qualitative Analysis II - Anions
1 Qualitative Analysis II - Anions Purpose: To study the chemistry of a number of anions and identify an anion in an unknown salt sample Introduction In this lab experiment you will learn how to identify
More informationCHM 130LL: Double Replacement Reactions
CHM 130LL: Double Replacement Reactions One of the main purposes of chemistry is to transform one set of chemicals (the reactants) into another set of chemicals (the products) via a chemical reaction:
More informationEXPERIMENT A5: TYPES OF REACTIONS. Learning Outcomes. Introduction. Upon completion of this lab, the student will be able to:
1 Learning Outcomes EXPERIMENT A5: TYPES OF REACTIONS Upon completion of this lab, the student will be able to: 1) Examine different types of chemical reactions. 2) Express chemical equations in molecular,
More informationExperiment Six Precipitation Reactions
Experiment Six Precipitation Reactions Objective Identify the ions present in various aqueous solutions. Systematically combine solutions and identify the reactions that form precipitates and gases. Write
More informationPrecipitation Reactions
Precipitation Reactions Precipitation Reactions Precipitation reactions are reactions in which a solid forms when we mix two solutions. 1) reactions between aqueous solutions of ionic compounds 2) produce
More informationEXPERIMENT #7 Double Replacement Reactions
OBJECTIVES: EXPERIMENT #7 Double Replacement Reactions To determine if a chemical reaction occurs when pairs of reactants are mixed To recognize electrolytes, non-electrolytes, strong and weak acids, and
More informationD O UBLE DISPL Ac EMENT REACTIONS
Experiment 8 Name: D O UBLE DISPL Ac EMENT REACTIONS In this experiment, you will observe double displacement reactions and write the corresponding balanced chemical equation and ionic equations. Double
More informationAqueous Chemical Reactions
Aqueous Chemical Reactions Introduction Many chemical reactions occur in water and therefore they are considered aqueous chemical reactions. The reagents are typically dissolved or diluted in water and
More informationAqueous Chemical Reactions
Aqueous Chemical Reactions Introduction Many chemical reactions occur in water and therefore they are considered aqueous chemical reactions. The reagents are typically dissolved or diluted in water and
More informationAqueous Chemical Reactions
Aqueous Chemical Reactions Introduction Many chemical reactions occur in water and therefore they are considered aqueous chemical reactions. The reagents are typically dissolved or diluted in water and
More informationChapter 7 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 7 Chemical Reactions Evidence of Chemical Change Release or Absorption of Heat Color Change Emission of Light Formation of a Gas Formation of Solid Precipitate Tro's "Introductory 2 How Do We Represent
More informationReactions in aqueous solutions Precipitation Reactions
Reactions in aqueous solutions Precipitation Reactions Aqueous solutions Chemical reactions that occur in water are responsible for creation of cenotes. When carbon dioxide, CO2, dissolves in water, the
More informationChapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions Classifying Chemical Reactions by What Atoms Do Classification of Reactions + Synthesis reaction + Decomposition reaction + + Single displacement reaction + + Double
More informationEXPERIMENT 10: Precipitation Reactions
EXPERIMENT 10: Precipitation Reactions Metathesis Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (Double Displacement Reactions) Purpose a) Identify the ions present in various aqueous solutions. b) Systematically combine
More informationCHAPTER 8 SALTS. NaCl. A salt is an ionic substance produced when the hydrogen ion of the acid is replaced by metal ion or an ammonium ion.
CHAPTER 8 SALTS A salt is an ionic substance produced when the hydrogen ion of the acid is replaced by metal ion or an ammonium ion. The salt consists of two parts, cation from base and anion from acid.
More informationCHEM 200/202. Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210. All s are to be sent to:
CHEM 200/202 Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210 All emails are to be sent to: chem200@mail.sdsu.edu My office hours will be held in GMCS-212 on Monday from 9 am to 11 am or by appointment. ANNOUNCEMENTS
More informationExperiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions
Experiment 8 - Double Displacement Reactions A double displacement reaction involves two ionic compounds that are dissolved in water. In a double displacement reaction, it appears as though the ions are
More informationNET IONIC REACTIONS in AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AB + CD AD + CB
NET IONIC REACTIONS in AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Double replacements are among the most common of the simple chemical reactions. Consider the hypothetical reaction: AB + CD AD + CB where AB exists as A + and B
More informationChapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations A chemical equation represents or symbolizes a chemical reaction. o Substances are represents by their chemical
More informationWhat Do You Think? Investigate GOALS
Cool Chemistry Show Activity 4 Chemical Equations GOALS In this activity you will: Represent chemical changes using word equations and chemical equations. Distinguish between different classes of chemical
More informationNet Ionic Equations. Making Sense of Chemical Reactions
Making Sense of Chemical Reactions Now that you have mastered writing balanced chemical equations it is time to take a deeper look at what is really taking place chemically in each reaction. There are
More informationChapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions What is a solution? How do you identify the following two? Solvent. Solute(s). Dissociation. What is it?
More informationD O UBLE DISPL Ac EMENT REACTIONS
Experiment 8 Name: D O UBLE DISPL Ac EMENT REACTIONS In this experiment, you will observe double displacement reactions and write the corresponding balanced chemical equation and ionic equations. Double
More informationA reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate
Chapter 7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Section 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Four Driving Forces Favor Chemical Change 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS. The process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances
CHEMICAL REACTIONS The process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances Equations Reactions are represented by a chemical equation Reactants Products Must have
More informationAqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined).
Aqueous Reactions Defining Aqueous Reactions Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are
More informationElectrolytes do conduct electricity, in proportion to the concentrations of their ions in solution.
Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions This chapter deals with reactions that occur in aqueous solution these solutions all use water as the solvent. We will look
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8: 1 7, 9 18, 20, 21, 24 26, 29 31, 46, 55, 69 Practice Problems 1. Write a skeleton equation for each chemical reaction. Include the appropriate
More informationAnnouncements. There are 3-classes of chemical reactions that occur in aqueous solution.
Announcements Exam 1 Results: Mean: 71% Range: 39.5%-93.5% Median: 72% Other Bio-LS Class Mean 72% Please read Chapter 4 and complete problems. Please see me for help. There are 3-classes of chemical reactions
More informationThe solvent is the dissolving agent -- i.e., the most abundant component of the solution
SOLUTIONS Definitions A solution is a system in which one or more substances are homogeneously mixed or dissolved in another substance homogeneous mixture -- uniform appearance -- similar properties throughout
More informationChapter 3 & 4: Reactions Part 1
Chapter 3 & 4: Reactions Part 1 Read: BLB 3.1 3.2; 4.2 4.4 HW: BLB 3:1, 11a, b, e, 13 4:19, 24, 39, 49a, c, e, f, 51b, d Supplemental: Rxns:1, 2, 6 11 Know: Chapter 3 Reactions Combustion Decomposition
More informationDOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS. Double your pleasure, double your fun
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS Double your pleasure, double your fun Industrial processes produce unwanted by-products. Dissolved toxic metal ions-copper, mercury, and cadmium-are common leftovers in the
More informationSolubility Rules and Net Ionic Equations
Solubility Rules and Net Ionic Equations Why? Solubility of a salt depends upon the type of ions in the salt. Some salts are soluble in water and others are not. When two soluble salts are mixed together
More informationReaction Types and Chemical Equations
Cool Chemistry Show Section 4 Reaction Types and Chemical Equations What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section you will Represent chemical changes using word equations and chemical equations. Distinguish
More informationDouble Displacement (Exchange or Metathesis) Reactions Practicum
Double Displacement (Exchange or Metathesis) Reactions Practicum Part I: Instructions: Write the molecular, complete ionic and net ionic equations for every one of the following reactions. If a reaction
More informationExperiment 5E BOTTLES WITHOUT LABELS: STUDIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Experiment 5E BOTTLES WITHOUT LABELS: STUDIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS FV 1-21-16 MATERIALS: Eight 50 ml beakers, distilled water bottle, two 250 ml beakers, conductivity meter, ph paper (A/B/N), stirring
More informationAcid Base Review. Page 1
1. Which substance, when dissolved in water, forms a solution that conducts an electric current? A) C2H5OH B) C6H12O6 C) C12H22O11 D) CH3COOH 2. A substance is classified as an electrolyte because A) it
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions
More informationCHEM 200/202. Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210. All s are to be sent to:
CHEM 200/202 Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210 All emails are to be sent to: chem200@mail.sdsu.edu My office hours will be held in GMCS-212 on Monday from 9 am to 11 am or by appointment. ANNOUNCEMENTS
More informationThe Copper Cycle. HCl(aq) H + (aq) + Cl (aq) HCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl (aq)
The Copper Cycle Introduction Many aspects of our lives involve chemical reactions from the batteries that power our cars and cell phones to the thousands of processes occurring within our bodies. We cannot
More informationChemical Change. Section 9.1. Chapter 9. Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity. Goal 1. Electrical Conductivity
Chapter 9 Chemical Change Section 9.1 Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity Goal 1 Electrical Conductivity Distinguish among strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Strong Electrolyte:
More information2/24/2010. Mr. Puccetti Spring What toxins have you encountered in your life? 2. How can toxins enter the body? 3. How can toxins harm you?
Mr. Puccetti Spring 2010 how toxins are defined how chemists determine toxicity the mechanisms by which toxic substances act in our bodies and what this has to do with chemical reactions 1. What toxins
More informationChapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS. There are three ways we write chemical equations. 1. Molecular Equations 2. Full Ionic Equations 3. Net Ionic Equations
CHEMICAL REACTIONS Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: Zn I 2 Unit 2 Chemical Reactions The unit 2 exam will cover material from multiple chapters. You are responsible for the following from your text on exam
More informationChapter 7: Chemical Reactions
C h a p t e r 7, C h a p t e r 1 6 ( 2-5 ) : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s P a g e 1 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions Read Chapter 7 and Check MasteringChemistry due dates. Evidence of Chemical Reactions:
More informationCh 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON
Ch 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /80 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. Correct the False statments by changing the
More informationReaction Classes. Precipitation Reactions
Reaction Classes Precipitation: synthesis of an ionic solid a solid precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of certain ions are mixed AcidBase: proton transfer reactions acid donates a proton to a base,
More informationCSUS Department of Chemistry Experiment 3 Chem.1A
Experiment 3: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Pre lab Name: 10 points Due at the beginning of lab. Section: 1. Precipitation Reactions a. On the reverse side of this page or on a separate piece of paper,
More informationCHM-201 General Chemistry and Laboratory I Laboratory 4. Introduction to Chemical Reactions (based in part on Small Scale Chemistry methodology as
CHM-201 General Chemistry and Laboratory I Laboratory 4. Introduction to Chemical Reactions (based in part on Small Scale Chemistry methodology as described in Chemtrek by Stephen Thompson at Colorado
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions
More informationChapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution I) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Homogeneous mixture on a molecular level - prop. same throughout - separable by physical means - variable composition
More informationTYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EXPERIMENT 11 (2 Weeks) Chemistry 110 Laboratory TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is perform, balance and classify chemical reactions based on observations. Students
More informationChapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Water, the Common Solvent One of the most important substances on Earth. Can dissolve many different substances. A polar molecule because
More information9/24/09 Chem 111 Experiment #7 Solutions and Reactions Brown, LeMay, and Bursten Chapter
Chem 111 Experiment #7 Solutions and Reactions Brown, LeMay, and Bursten Chapter 4.1-4.4 KEY VOCABULARY: 1. Ionic compound a compound composed of cations (+) and anions (-). Many ionic compounds dissociate
More informationAcid, Bases and Salts (IGCSE Chemistry Syllabus )
Acid, Bases and Salts (IGCSE Chemistry Syllabus 2016-2018) Acid o A compound when dissolved in water produces hydrogen ions (H + ) ; proton (H + ) donor o It turns blue damp litmus paper to red o ph 1
More informationCHEMISTRY 130 General Chemistry I. Five White Powders & Chemical Reactivity
CHEMISTRY 130 General Chemistry I Five White Powders & Chemical Reactivity Many substances can be described as a white, powdery solid. Often, their chemical properties can be used to distinguish them.
More informationChemical Reactions: Introduction to Reaction Types
Chemical Reactions: Introduction to Reaction Types **Lab Notebook** Record observations for all of the chemical reactions carried out during the lab in your lab book. These observations should include:
More informationSolubility & Net Ionic review
Solubility & Net Ionic review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. All ionic compounds
More informationPart 01 - Notes: Reactions & Classification
Objectives: Identify, define, and explain: combination reaction, synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, combustion reaction, rapid oxidation,
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Reactions. Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide.
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide. Evidence of Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Reactants Products Reactant(s): Substance(s) present before the
More informationName HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions
Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are
More informationChapter 4. Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Lecture Presentation Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions Reaction Stoichiometry: How Much Carbon Dioxide? The balanced chemical equations for fossilfuel combustion reactions provide the
More informationSI session Grue 207A
Chem 105 Wednesday 21 Sept 2011 1. Precipitation and Solubility 2. Solubility Rules 3. Precipitation reaction equations 4. Net ionic equations 5. OWL 6. Acids and bases SI session Grue 207A TR, 12:001:30
More informationChapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. - As words: hydrogen plus oxygen combine to form water - As a chemical
More informationChemistry 141 Samuel A. Abrash Chemical Reactions Lab Lecture 9/5/2011
Chemistry 141 Samuel A. Abrash Chemical Reactions Lab Lecture 9/5/2011 Q: Before we start discussing this week s lab, can we talk about our lab notebooks? Sure. Q: What makes a lab notebook a good notebook?
More informationChapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 6 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Table of Contents (6.1) (6.2) (6.3) (6.4) (6.5) (6.6) (6.7) (6.8) Water, the common solvent The nature of aqueous solutions: Strong
More informationName of Anion. (aq) NaCl NaNO 3 NaOH Na 2 SO 4 Na2CO3. MgSO4. AgNO 3. Ba(NO 3 ) 2. Pb(NO 3 ) 2. CuSO (1) AgNO 3 ( ) + NaCl( )
Name of Compound Prelab #1 Formula Cation (Metal) Name of Cation silver nitrate Ag Ag + silver magnesium sulfate barium nitrate lead nitrate copper sulfate Cation = (+)positive ion Anion = ()negative ion
More informationCHEM134- Fall 2018 Dr. Al-Qaisi Chapter 4b: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Rxns So far we ve used grams (mass), In lab: What about using volume in lab? Solution Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry
More informationName Date Class CHEMICAL REACTIONS. SECTION 11.1 DESCRIBING CHEMICAL REACTIONS (pages )
Name Date Class 11 CHEMICAL REACTIONS SECTION 11.1 DESCRIBING CHEMICAL REACTIONS (pages 321 329) This section explains how to write equations describing chemical reactions using appropriate symbols. It
More informationChapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties
+4.1 - General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent = substance present in greatest quantity Solute = the other substance(s) present in a solution
More informationLesson (1) Mole and chemical equation
Lesson (1) Mole and chemical equation 1 When oxygen gas reacts with magnesium, magnesium oxide is formed. Such Reactions are described by balanced equations known as "chemical equations" Δ 2Mg(s) + O2(g)
More informationLast Lecture. K 2 SO 4 (aq) + Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) AgNO 3 (aq) + KCl(aq) NaNO 3 (aq) + KCl(aq) What will happen when these are mixed together?
Announcements Precipitation lab write-up due tomorrow at the start of discussion Text HW due tomorrow in discussion Lon-capa HW #4 Type 1 due Monday, Oct 15 th at 7:00pm Lon-capa HW #4 Type 2 due Wednesday,
More informationChemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical Reactions and Equations 5-1 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a chemical change. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances is converted into one or more new
More informationAP Chemistry. Chapter 4
AP Chemistry Chapter 4 1 Properties of Aqueous Solution Solutions Definition: Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) EVENLY distributed throughout another substance. Solutions have 2 parts: 1) Solvent the
More informationPrecipitation Reactions
Precipitation Reactions Precipitation reactions are reactions in which a solid forms when we mix two solutions reactions between aqueous solutions of ionic compounds produce an ionic compound that is insoluble
More informationChapter 5. Chemical reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical equations CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) + CO(g) Chemical equation - representation of a chemical reaction; uses the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds
More informationIndicators of chemical reactions
Indicators of chemical reactions Emission of light or heat Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor All chemical reactions: have two parts Reactants - the substances
More informationCh. 8 Chemical Reactions
Ch. 8 Chemical Reactions Intro to Reactions I II III IV V Signs of a Chemical Reaction Evolution of heat and light Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Law of Conservation of Mass
More informationThe Use of Dilute Nitric Acid in the Qualitative Analysis of Anions
The Use of Dilute Nitric Acid in the Qualitative Analysis of Anions Background Information Aqueous barium nitrate is primarily used in qualitative analysis to test for the presence of sulfate ions. If
More informationChapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Table of Contents 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition
More informationNihal İKİZOĞLU 1. TYPE of CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Balance the following chemical equations. 1. Fe + H 2 SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2
TYPE of CHEMICAL REACTIONS Balance the following chemical equations. 1. Fe + H 2 SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + H 2 2. C 2 H 6 + O 2 H 2 O + CO 2 3. KOH + H 3 PO 4 K 3 PO 4 + H 2 O 4. SnO 2 + H 2 Sn + H 2 O 5.
More informationChemical Reactions: An Introduction
Chemical Reactions: An Introduction Ions in Aqueous Solution Ionic Theory of Solutions Many ionic compounds dissociate into independent ions when dissolved in water H 2O NaCl(s) Na Cl These compounds that
More informationChapter 3 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Chemical Reactions Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2 Chemical Reactions Evidence of a chemical reaction: Gas Evolution
More informationSolutions & Solubility: Net Ionic Equations (9.1 in MHR Chemistry 11)
Solutions & Solubility: Net Ionic Equations (9.1 in MHR Chemistry 11) 1 Solubility vs. Temperature 2 Solubility Table Anions SOLUBILITY Table 8.3 page 363 in MHR Cl Br I S OH SO CO 3 PO 3 SO 3 C 2 H 3
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
1 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 For test 3: Sections 3.7 and 4.1 to 4.5 Copyright The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 A solution is a homogenous
More informationChapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined.
Molarity Chapter 4 Concentration of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Given the molarity and the moles
More informationWhat Do You Think? Investigate GOALS. Part A: Precipitate Reactions
Artist as Chemist Activity 6 Paints GOALS In this activity you will: Identify and predict properties of double-replacement reactions. Observe reactions that produce precipitates. Understand how insoluble
More information11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions 11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions 11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution 1 CHEMISTRY & YOU How did soda straws get into limestone caves? These
More informationName CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions
Name CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are two
More informationVarious Types of Reactions
Various Types of Reactions Matthew Park Outline: 1. Synthesis / Replacement / Decomposition Reactions 2. Precipitation Reactions 3. Acid-Base Reactions 4. Summary: Metathesis Reactions NOTE: Not all of
More informationFe(s) + O2(g) Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations. Fe + O2. January 26, What is a chemical reaction?
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions What is a chemical reaction? Chemical Reaction: process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Indications of a chemical reaction
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 THE N-BOTTLE PROBLEM
EXPERIMENT 4 THE N-BOTTLE PROBLEM INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment is to use your knowledge about acid-base and precipitation reactions that occur in aqueous solutions to identify the ionic
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance (the solute) is
More informationChemical Reactions CHAPTER Reactions and Equations
CHAPTER 9 Chemical Reactions 9.1 Reactions and Equations The process by which atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances is called a chemical reaction. There are a number
More information11-1 Notes. Chemical Reactions
11-1 Notes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction 1 or more substances (the reactants) change into 1 or more new substances (the products). Reactants are always written on the left
More informationSCHOOL YEAR CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A
SCHOOL YEAR 2017-18 NAME: CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question. 1. A solute
More informationBeaker A Beaker B Beaker C Beaker D NaCl (aq) AgNO 3(aq) NaCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq) AgCl (s) + Na 1+ 1
CH 11 T49 MIXING SOLUTIONS 1 You have mastered this topic when you can: 1) define the terms precipitate, spectator ion, suspension, mechanical mixture, solution. 2) write formula equations, complete/total
More informationChem. 1A Final. Name. Student Number
Chem. 1A Final Name Student Number All work must be shown on the exam for partial credit. Points will be taken off for incorrect or no units. Calculators are allowed. Cell phones may not be used for calculators.
More information