Supporting Information

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1 Supporting Information Carboxyzincation Employing Carbon Dioxide and Zinc Powder: Cobalt-Catalyzed Multicomponent Coupling Reactions with Alkynes Keisuke Nogi, Tetsuaki Fujihara,* Jun Terao and Yasushi Tsuji* Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto , Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. tfuji@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp, ytsuji@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp Contents 1. Instrumentation and Chemicals S2 2. Preparation of Substrates S2 3. Experimental Procedures S3 4. X-ray Diffraction Study of 2c-D S15 5. NMR Charts S16 6. References S46 S1

2 1. Instrumentation and Chemicals THF and toluene were dried and purified by usual procedures. 1 CH 3CN and DMF were distilled with CaH 2 and stored over activated MS-4A. Zn powder was activated by washing with HCl aq. and stored under a nitrogen atmosphere. Unless otherwise noted, materials obtained from commercial suppliers were used without further purification. IR spectra were obtained on a SHIMADZU IRTracer-100 spectrometer. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were measured with a Bruker AVANCE-500 spectrometer. The 1 H NMR chemical shifts are reported relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS, 0.00 ppm). The 13 C NMR chemical shifts are reported relative to CDCl 3 (77.0 ppm). High-resolution mass spectra (ESI-HRMS) were obtained with Thermo Fisher Scientific Exactive LC-MS spectrometers. Column chromatography was carried out on silica gel (Kanto N60, spherical, neutral, m or m). Medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) was performed on a Biotage Isorera One with a silica-gel column (Biotage SNAP Ultra 10 g, HP-Sphere 25 μm). Preparative recycling gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was performed with a SHIMADZU LC-20AP system. TLC analyses were performed on commercial glass plates bearing a 0.25 mm layer of Merck Silica gel 60F254. Alkynes 1c, 2 1d, 3 1g, 4 1j, 5 and 1k 6 were prepared according to the literature procedure. CoI 2(dppe) and CoI 2(bpy) were prepared according to literature procedure. 7 CoBr 2(dppf) was prepared according to literature procedure. 8 CoI 2(dppf) was also prepared with the same procedure for the preparation of CoBr 2(dppf). 2. Preparation of Substrates 2.1. Preparation of 1f The reaction was performed under an argon atmosphere. A 100 ml roundbottled flask was charged with Pd(PPh 3) 4 (0.17 g, 0.15 mmol, 3.0 mol %), CuI (27 mg, 0.14 mmol, 2.8 mol %), and 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline (1.0 g, 5.0 mmol). To this flask, degassed piperidine (15 ml) and 1-hexyne (0.85 ml, 7.5 mmol) were added via syringe. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 C for 64 h. Then, the reaction was quenched by adding EtOAc (40 ml) and water (10 ml). The organic layer was subsequently washed with saturated NH 4Cl aq. and brine, and dried over MgSO 4. After removal of all volatiles, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. Because the desired product and remaining aryl bromide could not be separated by silica gel column chromatography, the mixture was again purified by preparative recycling gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Orange oil (0.36 g, 1.8 mmol, 36%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.27 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 2H), 6.61 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (s, 6H), 2.39 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J = 7.3 S2

3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 149.7, 132.5, 112.0, 111.3, 87.7, 81.0, 40.3, 31.2, 22.0, 19.2, All the resonances in 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were consistent with reported values Preparation of -deuterated butyl acrylate (3a- -d) 3a- -d was prepared by similar procedure for the preparation of -deuterated ethyl acrylate. 10 Butyl acrylate (7.1 ml, 50 mmol) was added to a solution of DABCO (2.8 g, 25 mmol) in D 2O (5 ml), and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 3 h. Then, the organic phase was separated from D 2O, and added to other solution of DABCO (2.8 g, 25 mmol) in D 2O (5 ml), and the reaction mixture was again vigorously stirred for 3 h. The organic phase was separated, dried over MgSO 4. After the filtration, distillation of the residue in the presence of CaH 2 under reduced pressure (30 Torr, 60 C) gave -deuterated ethyl acrylate (3a- -d). Colorless oil (1.5 g, 12 mmol, 24%). The deuterium incorporation ratio (72%) was determined by 1 H NMR. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 1H), 6.12 (dd, J = 17.4, 10.4 Hz, 0.28H), (m, 1H), 4.16 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 166.3, 130.2, (t, J C D = 25.3 Hz), 64.38, 30.6, 19.1, 13.7 (the signals of butyl acrylate 3a were also resolved: 130.4, 128.6, 64.39). 3. Experimental Procedures General procedure for carboxyzincation of 1a (Table 1) A 20 ml Schlenk flask was charged with Zn powder (25 mg, 0.38 mmol) and dried with a heatinggun under vacuum. Then, the flask was charged with CoI 2(dppf) (22 mg, mmol), Et 4NI (6.4 mg, mmol) and Zn(OAc) 2 (4.6 mg, mmol). The flask was evacuated and refilled with CO 2. This sequence was repeated five times. Then, CH 3CN (0.50 ml), DMF (0.050 ml) and 1a (45 L, 0.25 mmol) were added via airtight syringes, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 40 C for 20 h. After the reaction, D 2O (50 L) was added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. Then, fluorene (17 mg, 0.10 mmol) as an internal standard, Et 2O (5.0 ml), and 1 M HCl aq. (3.0 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, and the resulting biphasic solution was stirred for further 10 min. A part of organic layer was separated and dried in vacuum. Then, the residue was dissolved in CDCl 3, and 1 H NMR spectrum of the resultant solution was measured to determine the yield of 2a. General procedure for carboxyzincation of alkynes (1) (Table 2) A 20 ml Schlenk flask was charged with Zn powder (25 mg, 0.38 mmol) and dried with a heating- S3

4 gun under vacuum. Then, the flask was charged with CoI 2(dppf) (22 mg, mmol), Et 4NI (6.4 mg, mmol) and Zn(OAc) 2 (4.6 mg, mmol). The flask was evacuated and refilled with CO 2. This sequence was repeated five times. Then, CH 3CN (0.5 ml), DMF (0.050 ml) and alkyne 1 (0.25 mmol) were added via airtight syringes, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 40 C for 20 h. After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the generated alkenykzinc species was trapped by electrophiles as follows. 2a-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, D 2O (50 L) was added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. Then, 1 M HCl aq. (3 ml) and Et 2O (5 ml) were added, and the mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 5). The collected organic layer was combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Pale yellow oil (0.50 mmol scale, 67 mg, 73%, 94%D incorporation determined by 1 H NMR measurement); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 2.28 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), (m, 8H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 173.9, (t, J C D = 23.4 Hz), 131.8, 31.5, 30.8, 28.3, 26.1, 22.7, 22.5, 13.93, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 11H 18DO 2, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , cm 1. 2b-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2a-D. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Pale yellow oil (0.50 mmol scale, 59 mg, 75%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 2.27 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), (m, 4H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 173.9, (t, J C D = 23.4 Hz), 131.7, 30.7, 28.3, 22.4, 22.0, 13.94, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 9H 14DO 2, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , 925.8, cm 1. 2b-I: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, I 2 (0.75 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting solution was stirred for 30 min. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Brown oil (0.50 mmol scale, 96 mg, 68%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 2.60 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.40 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.9, 140.1, 107.5, 43.3, 33.4, 22.6, 21.9, 13.7, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 9H 14IO 2, 2844; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , 912.3, cm 1. S4

5 2b-Se: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the solution of (PhSe) 2 (0.5 mmol, 2.0 equiv) in toluene (0.5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the resulting solution was stirred at 50 C for 20 h. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. White solid (60 mg, 77%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.68 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.56 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 173.6, 158.5, 137.4, 129.8, , , 125.2, 35.9, 32.4, 23.3, 23.0, 14.2, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 15H 21O 2Se, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 999.1, 852.5, 761.9, cm 1. 2b-Ar: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, ethyl 4-bromobenzoate (48 L, 0.30 mmol, 1.2 equiv) and the solution of Pd(PPh 3) 4 (5.8 mg, mmol, 2.0 mol %) in toluene (0.50 ml) were added to the reaction mixture via airtight syringe. Resulting mixture was stirred at 70 C for 20 h. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Brown oil (42 mg, 56%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.96 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.37 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), (m, 4H), (m, 2H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), (m, 2H), 0.97 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.86 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.6, 166.5, 148.2, 147.3, 131.2, 129.3, 129.1, 127.4, 60.9, 36.7, 31.9, 22.2, 20.8, 14.3, 13.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 18H 23O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 910.4, 858.3, 781.2, 733.0, cm 1. 2b-allyl: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, CuCN 2LiCl (50 L of 1.0 M THF solution, mmol, 20 mol %) was added to the reaction mixture via airtight syringe at 15 C and the resulting solution was stirred for 5 min. Then, ethyl 2- (bromomethyl)acrylate (70 L, 0.50 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 20 C for 1 h. Later, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 20 h additionally. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pink-colored oil (36 mg, 54%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 2.34 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 4H), 1.31 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 173.8, 167.8, 145.1, 137.8, 131.7, 126.6, 61.3, 36.0, 34.5, 31.9, 22.4, 21.6, 14.3, S5

6 14.1, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 15H 23O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 943.2, 817.8, cm 1. 2b-Bn: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the solution of 4-cyanobenzyl chloride (57 mg, 0.38 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and Pd(PPh 3) 4 (5.8 mg, mmol, 2.0 mol %) in THF (0.50 ml) was added to the reaction mixture via airtight syringe. Resulting mixture was stirred at 70 C for 20 h. Then, Et 2O (5.0 ml), and 1 M HCl aq. (3.0 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, and the resulting biphasic solution was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 5). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After filtration and removal of volatiles, the residue was passed pad of silica gel using hexane/etoac as an eluent. After removal of volatiles, EtOAc (20 ml) and sat. Na 2CO 3 aq. (10 ml) was added to the residue. Resulting biphasic layer was extracted with Na 2CO 3 aq. (10 ml 2). The combined aqueous layer was acidified with 6 M HCl aq., and extracted with CH 2Cl 2 (10 ml 5). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous MgSO 4 and removal of volatiles afforded the pure product. Pale yellow solid (38 mg, 57%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.56 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 175.1, 148.0, 145.3, 132.1, 130.7, 129.6, 119.0, 110.0, 39.5, 34.9, 31.6, 22.5, 21.5, 14.2, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 17H 21NO 2Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , , , 918.1, 850.6, 825.5, cm 1. 2c-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2a-D. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale yellow solid (0.50 mmol scale, 0.10 g, 82%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), (m, 3H), 7.42 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.80 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.1, (t, J C D = 21.9 Hz), 135.0, 133.4, 132.9, 131.5, 128.8, 128.5, 126.4, 126.2, 126.1, 125.1, 124.6, 31.6, 27.3, 22.7, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 17H 16DO 2, ; found, (exact same mass was found). IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , 916.2, 790.8, 775.4, 748.4, 729.1, cm 1. S6

7 2c-I: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2b-I. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Yellow oil (69 mg, 73%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.96 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.66 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.1, 144.4, 139.7, 133.7, 129.1, 128.8, 128.4, , , 125.3, 125.1, 124.7, 96.6, 32.6, 30.3, 22.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 17H 17IO 2Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), (brs), , , , , , 798.5, 775.4, cm 1. 2d-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2a-D. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale yellow solid (0.50 mmol scale, 79 mg, 75%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.50 (dd, J = 5.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J = 3.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 5.2, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 2.69 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), (m, 4H), 0.98 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.4, 138.3, (t, J C D = 23.8 Hz), 132.9, 129.7, 128.9, 127.3, 30.4, 27.7, 23.1, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 11H 12DO 2S, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 916.2, 858.3, cm 1. 2d-allyl: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2b-allyl. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pink-colored oil (38 mg, 48%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.29 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J = 5.2, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 4.22 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 2.41 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 5H), 0.86 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 172.7, 167.9, 140.7, , , 135.2, 128.4, 126.8, 126.7, 125.7, 61.5, 39.8, 31.9, 31.3, 22.5, 14.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 17H 121O 4S, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 943.2, 852.5, cm 1. 2e-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 2a-D. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale brown solid S7

8 (0.50 mmol scale, 59 mg, 52%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.31 (dd, J = 4.9, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J = 3.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 4.9, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 0.15 (s, 9H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.6, (t, J C D = 23.8 Hz), 138.4, 136.0, 128.3, (two peaks overlap, confirmed with the HMQC and HMBC spectra), 0.2. ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 10H 12DO 2SSi, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , 841.0, 788.9, 761.9, cm 1. 2f-D: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, D 2O (50 L) was added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. Then, 1 M HCl aq. (0.3 ml), water (2 ml), and Et 2O (5 ml) were added, and the mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 7). The collected organic layer was combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After removal of solvent under reduce pressure, the residue was treated with TMSCHN 2 (0.63 ml of 2.0 M Et 2O solution, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) in Et 2O/MeOH as a solvent. After 1 h, all volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Orange oil (45 mg, 69%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.35 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.70 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.99 (s, 6H), 2.58 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 169.7, 150.4, (t, J C D = 23.4 Hz), 131.3, 128.4, 123.4, 111.7, 51.6, 40.1, 31.2, 27.3, 22.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 16H 23DNO 2, ; found, IR (neat): , , , , , , , , , , 947.1, 910.4, 827.5, 798.5, cm 1. 2g-Ar: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, 4-iodophenyl acetate (57 L, 0.38 mmol, 1.5 equiv) and the suspension of PdCl 2(PPh 3) 2 (3.5 mg, mmol, 2.0 mol %) in toluene (0.50 ml) were added to the reaction mixture via airtight syringe. Resulting solution was stirred at 70 C for 20 h. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. White solid (49 mg, 53%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3): 7.15 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 2.38 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.87 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 175.6, 169.3, 159.2, 150.1, 146.3, 139.9, 133.1, 132.5, 130.5, 129.8, 121.0, 113.5, 55.2, 32.1, 31.1, 22.6, 21.1, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 22H 24O 5Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , , 910.4, 835.2, 815.9, cm 1. S8

9 2h-D: The reaction was performed on 0.50 mmol scale. After the Co-catalyzed reaction, D 2O (50 L) was added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 min. Then, fluorene (17 mg, 0.10 mmol) as an internal standard, Et 2O (5.0 ml), and 1 M HCl aq. (3.0 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, and the resulting biphasic solution was stirred for 10 min. A part of organic layer was separated and dried in vacuum. Then, the residue was dissolved in CDCl 3 and the total yield of products and the ratio of 2h-D and 2h -D were determined by 1 H NMR measurement (82% yield, 2h-D/2h -D = 84/16). Remaining reaction mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 5). The collected organic layer and the NMR sample were combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After removal of volatiles, the residue was purified by MPLC using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Isomeric purity of the 2h-D in the isolated product was higher than 98%. White solid (68 mg, 66%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 5H), 2.55 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.5, (t, J C D = 23.4 Hz), 135.5, 132.8, 129.5, 128.7, 128.5, 31.3, 27.0, 22.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 13H 14DO 2, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 914.3, 763.8, cm 1. General procedure for the four-component coupling reaction of alkyne (1), electrondeficient alkene (3), CO2 and Zn powder (Table 3) A 20 ml Schlenk flask was charged with Zn powder (25 mg, 0.38 mmol) and dried with a heatinggun under vacuum. Then, the flask was charged with CoI 2(dppf) (22 mg, mmol), Bu 4NI (19 mg, mmol), and Zn(OAc) 2 (9.2 mg, mmol). The flask was evacuated and refilled with CO 2. This sequence was repeated five times. Then, CH 3CN (0.50 ml), alkyne 1 (0.30 mmol), and acrylate 2 (0.25 mmol) were added via airtight syringes, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 25 C for 20 h. After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the generated organozinc species was trapped by electrophiles as follows. 4a-H: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, 1 M HCl aq. (3 ml) and Et 2O (5 ml) were added, and the mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 5). The collected organic layer was combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After removal of all volatiles, the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Yellow oil (75 mg, 85%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), (m, 2H), (m, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.46 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, S9

10 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.5, 168.9, 139.2, 138.2, 136.6, 129.2, 129.0, 128.8, 128.7, 127.8, 127.5, 126.6, 65.5, 50.4, 39.7, 30.4, 19.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 22H 23O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , (br), , 918.1, 777.3, cm 1. 4a-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, iodomethane (78 L, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) and DMF (0.50 ml) were added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Pale brown solid (81 mg, 88%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.13 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 1H), 3.28 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 3H), (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.3, 172.0, 139.5, 137.3, 136.7, 131.5, 129.3, 129.0, 128.2, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 65.4, 53.5, 45.4, 30.2, 20.4, 19.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M H] calcd for C 23H 25O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , 775.4, cm 1. 4a-allyl: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, allyl bromide (0.11 ml, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) and DMF (0.50 ml) were added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 h at room temperature. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale yellow oil (72 mg, 74%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (br s, 3H), 6.85 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 1H), (m, 1H), 3.27 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (dd, J = 13.6, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.59 (dd, J = 13.6, 7.8 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.1, 173.2, 139.3, 136.8, 136.5, 131.7, 131.6, 129.4, 129.1, 128.3, 127.8, 127.4, 126.6, 119.6, 65.8, 57.7, 44.3, 39.5, 30.1, 19.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 25H 29O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , 910.4, 773.5, 758.0, cm 1. 4b-H: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-H. Yellow oil (57 mg, 70%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.29 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.16 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, S10

11 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 4H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 174.8, 169.0, 138.7, 137.7, 128.6, 128.1, 127.6, 126.3, 65.6, 50.7, 35.9, 30.5, 30.3, 30.0, 22.7, 19.0, 13.8, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 20H 28O 4Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), (br), , (br), , , 918.1, 839.0, cm 1. 4b-Et: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, iodoethane (101 L, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) and DMF (0.50 ml) were added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 h at 40 C. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale yellow oil (49 mg, 55%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.29 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 4.25 (dt, J = 10.7, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (dt, J = 10.7, 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 1H), 2.72 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 1H), (m, 3H), (m, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 4H), (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.83 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 176.1, 174.1, 138.5, 137.6, 129.1, 128.6, 128.1, 126.4, 66.3, 58.3, 42.5, 30.6, 30.5, 30.4, 30.3, 22.5, 19.1, 13.8, 13.6, 9.4. ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 22H 32O 4Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , , 918.1, cm 1. 4c-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. Pale yellow solid (60 mg, 55%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.24 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 3H), (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 176.9, 172.1, 137.6, 136.9, 134.8, 133.5, 132.6, 131.0, 130.7, 130.3, 128.7, 128.2, 65.7, 53.4, 45.2, 30.3, 20.6, 19.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 23H 25Cl 2O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 887.3, 814.0, 763.8, cm 1. 4d-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. Yellow oil (71 mg, 57%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.51 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), (m, 3H), 7.27 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 3.76 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.32 (d, J = S11

12 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 5H), (m, 2H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 176.8, 171.8, 139.8, 138.0, 136.8, 132.8, 132.1, 131.4, (q, J = 32.4 Hz), (q, J = 32.4 Hz), 129.0, 128.5, (q, J = 3.5 Hz), (q, J = 3.8 Hz), (q, J = 3.8 Hz), (q, J = Hz), (q, J = Hz), (q, J = 3.8 Hz), 65.7, 53.4, 44.8, 30.2, 20.5, 18.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 25H 24F 6O 4Na, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , 910.4, 808.2, cm 1. 4e-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. Brown oil (44 mg, 50%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.21 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (t, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 4.17 (td, J = 6.6, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.77 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 9H), (m, 6H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.7, 172.7, 140.1, 137.2, 127.1, 126.6, 124.6, 122.9, 65.8, 53.9, 43.0, 32.2, 30.4, 30.0, 23.0, 20.6, 19.1, 13.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 19H 29O 4S, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , 910.4, cm 1. 4f-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. Yellow oil (56 mg, 65%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 5.63 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.89 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 1H), 2.75 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 11H), 0.93 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 176.9, 171.9, 166.2, 159.0, 118.9, 65.9, 53.4, 50.9, 42.5, 32.6, 31.9, 30.3, 28.3, 22.4, 20.3, 19.0, 13.9, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 18H 31O 6, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , 918.1, 877.6, 835.2, cm 1. 4g-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. White solid (38 mg, 47%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.30 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.1, 172.4, 139.4, 137.1, 136.6, 131.7, 129.3, 129.1, 128.2, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 53.3, 52.4, 45.5, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 20H 21O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , S12

13 1404.2, , , , , , , 918.1, 771.5, 756.1, cm 1. 4h-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. Pale yellow solid (52 mg, 62%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.13 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.29 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.1, 172.1, 139.5, 137.3, 136.7, 131.6, 129.3, 129.0, 128.2, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 61.6, 53.4, 45.4, 20.5, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 21H 23O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , 773.5, cm 1. 4i-Me: After the Co-catalyzed reaction, the reaction mixture was treated with the method similar to that used for 4a-Me. White solid (68 mg, 74%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 7.22 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.22 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, 1H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.34 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.5, 171.4, 140.1, 137.7, 136.8, 131.1, 129.2, 129.0, 128.3, 127.8, 127.3, 126.5, 82.4, 54.3, 45.2, 27.7, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 23H 27O 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 783.1, cm 1. 4j-H: N,N-Dimethylacrylamide (3e, 26 L, 0.25 mmol) was used instead of acrylate. After the Co-catalyzed reaction, 1 M HCl aq. (1 ml) and Et 2O (5 ml) was added, and the mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 7). The collected organic layer was combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After removal of solvent under reduce pressure, the residue was treated with TMSCHN 2 (0.63 ml of 2.0 M Et 2O solution, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) in Et 2O/MeOH as a solvent. After 1 h, all volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent. Yellow oil (53 mg, 63%); 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.63 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (dd, J = 14.3, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (dd, J = 14.3, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.78 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 169.9, 167.9, 139.7, 138.7, 136.8, (two peaks overlap, confirmed with the HMQC and HMBC spectra), 128.8, 128.7, 127.8, 127.3, 126.4, 52.3, 47.0, 39.8, 37.3, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 21H 24NO 3, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , 918.1, 760.0, cm 1. S13

14 4a-Me- -d: -Deuterated butyl acrylate was used instead of butyl acrylate 2. After the Co-catalyzed reaction, iodomethane (78 L, 1.3 mmol, 5.0 equiv) and DMF (0.50 ml) were added via airtight syringe and the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/acetone as an eluent. Pale yellow solid (64 mg, 70%); The deuterium incorporation ratio (70%) was determined by 1 H NMR. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) (m, 3H), 7.13 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.4 Hz, 2H), (m, 3H), (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 0.30H), (m, 2H), 3.28 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.14 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 3H), (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). All 1 H NMR resonances except alkenyl region were in good agreement with 4a-Me. 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 177.2, 172.1, 139.5, 137.2, 136.6, (t, J C D = 21.9 Hz), 129.3, 129.0, 128.2, 127.8, 127.3, 126.6, 65.5, 53.5, 45.4, 30.2, 20.4, 19.0, 13.6 (the signals of 4a-Me were also resolved: 137.3, 136.7, 131.5). ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+H] + calcd for C 23H 26DO 4, ; found, IR (neat): (br), , , , , , , , , , , 918.1, cm 1. A procedure for the intramolecular cyclization of 4a-Me (Scheme 3) Under Ar atmosphere, 4a-Me (24 mg, mmol) was dissolved in CH 2Cl 2 (0.50 ml) and DMF (5 L). To the solution was added oxalyl chloride (17 L, 0.20 mmol), and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. After removal of all volatiles under reduced pressure (<1 Torr), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP, 0.20 ml) was added to the residue. The resulting pale yellow solution was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. After the reaction, H 2O (5 ml) and Et 2O (5 ml) were added, and the mixture was extracted with Et 2O (5 ml 5). The collected organic layer was combined and dried over anhydrous MgSO 4. After filtration and removal of all volatiles, purification of the residue by silica gel column chromatography using hexane/etoac as an eluent gave 6 (20 mg, mmol, 87%) as a pale yellow oil. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3) 8.10 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), (m, 7H), 6.71 (s, 1H), (m, 2H), 3.20 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 1.57 (s, 3H), (m, 2H), (m, 2H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3): 196.1, 172.7, 139.8, 136.8, 132.4, 131.8, 131.4, 129.3, 128.9, , , 128.3, 128.1, 127.4, 65.3, 56.3, 47.1, 30.5, 20.3, 19.0, ESI-HRMS (m/z): [M+Na] + calcd for C 23H 24O 3Na, ; found, IR (neat): , , , S14

15 1454.3, , , , , , 943.2, 802.4, 775.4, cm X-ray Diffraction Studies of 2c-D Data were collected on a Rigaku/Saturn70 CCD diffractometer using graphite-monochromated Mo K radiation ( = Å) at 153 K, and processed using CrystalClear (Rigaku). The structure was solved by direct methods (SIR97) and refined by full-matrix least-square refinement on F 2. The non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. All hydrogen atoms were located on the calculated positions and not refined. All calculations were performed using the CrystalStructure crystallographic software package. Crystal data for 2c-D: C 17H 17DO 2, M = , triclinic, space group = P-1 (#2), a = 8.587(3) Å, b = (4) Å, c = (6) Å, = (5), = (5), = (5), V = (9) Å 3, Z = 4, density (calc.) = 1.227, unique reflections = 5994 (R int = ), GOF = The final R1 factor was (I>2 (I)) (wr2 = , all data). Figure S1. ORTEP drawing of 2c-D S15

16 5. NMR Charts NMR spectra of 2a-D S16

17 NMR spectra of 2b-D S17

18 NMR spectra of 2b-I S18

19 NMR spectra of 2b-Se S19

20 NMR spectra of 2b-Ar S20

21 NMR spectra of 2b-allyl S21

22 NMR spectra of 2b-Bn S22

23 NMR spectra of 2c-D S23

24 NMR spectra of 2c-I S24

25 NMR spectra of 2d-D S25

26 NMR spectra of 2d-allyl S26

27 NMR spectra of 2e-D S27

28 NMR spectra of 2f-D S28

29 NMR spectra of 2g-Ar S29

30 NMR spectra of 2h-D S30

31 NMR spectra of 4a-H S31

32 NMR spectra of 4a-Me S32

33 NMR spectra of 4a-allyl S33

34 NMR spectra of 4b-H S34

35 NMR spectra of 4b-Et S35

36 NMR spectra of 4c-Me S36

37 NMR spectra of 4d-Me S37

38 NMR spectra of 4e-Me S38

39 NMR spectra of 4f-Me S39

40 NMR spectra of 4g-Me S40

41 NMR spectra of 4h-Me S41

42 NMR spectra of 4i-Me S42

43 NMR spectra of 4j-H S43

44 NMR spectra of 4a-Me- -d S44

45 NMR spectra of S45

46 6. References (1) Armarego, W. L. F.; Chai, C. L. L. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals, 5th ed.; Burrerworth- Heinemann: Oxford, U. K., (2) Xue, F.; Zhao, J.; Andy Hor, T. S. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, (3) Semba, K.; Fujihara, T.; Terao, J.; Tsuji, Y. Chem. Eur. J. 2012, 18, (4) Zhan, J.; Yu, Y.; Ma, S. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, (5) Mio, M. J.; Kopel, L. C.; Braun, J. B.; Gadzikwa, T. L.; Hull, K. L.; Brisbois, R. G.; Markworth, C. J.; Grieco, P. A. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, (6) Fujihara, T.; Xu, T.; Semba, K.; Terao, J.; Tsuji, Y. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, (7) Nogi, K.; Fujihara, T.; Terao, J.; Tsuji, Y. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, (8) Konarev, D. V.; Khasanov, S. S.; Troyanov, S. I.; Nakano, Y.; Ustimenko, K. A.; Otsuka, A.; Yamochi, H.; Saito, G.; Lyubovskaya, R. N. Inorg. Chem. 2013, 52, (9) Kivala, M.; Boudon, C.; Gisselbrecht, J.-P.; Seiler, P.; Gross, M.; Diederich, F. Chem. Commun. 2007, (10) Aggarwal, V. K.; Fulford, S. Y.; Lloyd-Jones, G. C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, S46