Lecture 13 Organic Chemistry 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lecture 13 Organic Chemistry 1"

Transcription

1 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Lecture 13 rganic hemistry 1 Professor Duncan Wardrop February 23,

2 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Spectroscopy & Spectrometry hapter 13 2

3 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Introduction to Analytical Methods Sections:

4 Spectroscopy vs. Spectrometry Spectroscopy study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter; typically involves the absorption of electromagnetic radiation Spectrometry evaluation of molecular identity and/or properties that does not involve interaction with electromagnetic radiation at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 4 4

5 Spectroscopic Methods Method Infrared Spectroscopy Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measurement/Application vibrational states: stretching and bending frequencies of covalent bonds that contain a dipole moment functional group determination electronic states: energy associated with promotion of an electron in a ground state to an exited state chromophore determination molecular weight: of parent molecule and fragments produced by bombardment with free electrons fragment and isotope determination nuclear spin states: energy associated with spin states of nuclei in the presence of a magnetic field determine structural groups and connectivity at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 5 5

6 Absorption/Transmission Spectroscopy: Simplified Principles sample absorbs different frequencies of light corresponding to molecular vibrations (IR) or electronic transitions (UV-vis) detector determines what frequencies of light passed through (transmittance) and what frequencies of light were absorbed (absorbance) at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 6 6

7 Electromagnetic Spectrum shorter wavelength (λ) higher frequency (ν) higher energy (E) longer wavelength (λ) lower frequency (ν) lower energy (E) Electromagnetic Radiation propagated at the speed of light (3 x10 8 m/s) has properties of particles and waves energy is directly proportional to frequency energy is indirectly proportional to wavelength E = hν c = νλ at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 7 7

8 Quantized Energy States Types of States Energy Range (λ) Spectroscopic Method Increasing Energy nuclear spin rotational vibrational radiofrequency 1-10 m microwave cm infrared μm NMR Microwave IR electronic ultraviolet nm UV-vis at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 8 8

9 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Infrared Spectroscopy Sections:

10 Principles of Infrared Spectroscopy IR: Measures the vibrational energy associated with stretching or bending bonds that contain a dipole moment (µ). Stretching δ + δ + δ + δ δ δ δ Bending δ δ δ + δ + δ + at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 10 10

11 Stretching & Bending Vibrations at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 11 11

12 Dipole Moment more electronegative atom covalent 2 electron bond dipole arrow less electronegative atom δ (partially negatively charged) δ (partially positively charged) In order to measure the stretching or bending frequency of a covalent bond, it must have a dipole moment (μ). at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 12 12

13 ooke s Law: Bonds are Like Springs Vibrational Energy Depends both on bond strength (spring force constant) and the mass of atoms (objects) attached ~ ν = k f * (m1 + m2) (m1 * m2) ~ ν = vibrational frequency in wavenumbers (cm -1 ) k = constant (1/2πc) f = force constant; strength of bond (spring) Trends: bond strength = frequency mass = frequency m 1, m 2 = masses (not molecular weights) of attached atoms at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 13 13

14 Spring Analogy smaller mass = higher frequency = higher energy stronger spring (bond) = higher frequency = higher energy at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 14 14

15 Wavenumber (ῡ) and Infrared Scale ῡ (cm -1 ) = 1 λ (cm) higher wavenumber (ῡ) = higher frequency (υ) = lower wavelength (λ) = higher energy (E) lower wavenumber (ῡ) = lower frequency (υ) = longer wavelength (λ) = lower energy (E) N- - (sp)- (sp2)- (sp3)- 2 (2380) N N fingerprint region wavenumber (cm -1 ) wavenumber = reciprocal of the wavelength measured in centimeters (cm); directly proportional to frequency at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 15 15

16 Infrared Spectrum % Transmission Transmittance: amount of light that passes through sample; not absorbed by molecular vibrations Frequency: typically measured in wavenumbers; higher wavenumber = higher frequency = higher energy vibration Bands: frequency of vibration absorbed by molecules; can be broad or narrow; number of bands does not equal number of bonds Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 16 16

17 haracteristic Stretches - Alkanes hexane = sp 3 - bond stretching motion; general absorb around cm = - rocking motion when atom is part of a methyl group (- 3 ); cm Wavenumbers = scissor motion of - 3 hydrogen atoms; cm cm -1 = fingerprint region for organic molecules; typically complex and unhelpful at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 17 17

18 haracteristic Stretches - Alkenes hexene 5 5: notice sp 2 - (~3100 cm -1 ) at higher frequency than sp3 - (~2950 cm -1 ) more s-character = stronger bond = higher frequency 4: also, = bond at higher frequency than - bond; ~1600 cm Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 18 18

19 haracteristic Stretches - Alkynes hexyne 7: notice sp - (~3300 cm -1 ) at higher frequency than sp 2 - (~3100 cm -1 ), which was higher than sp 3 - (~2950 cm -1 ) 6: stretch is very weak because carbons have almost identical electronegativities = small dipole moment at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 19 19

20 haracteristic Stretches - Alcohols prop-2-en-1-ol (allyl alcohol) 5 9: hydroxyl groups (-) exhibit strong broad bands; ~3300 cm broad peak is a result of hydrogen bonding; width depends on solution concentration lower concentration = less hydrogen bonding = more narrow - band Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 20 20

21 haracteristic Stretches - NItriles N 8 3-hydroxy-propionitrile : nitriles ~2200 cm -1 nitriles ( N) absorb a greater magnitude of energy than alkynes ( ) because they have a larger dipole moment larger dipole moment = more intense peak Wavenumbers size of the dipole does NT affect frequency of vibration at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 21 21

22 Example: Ester, Amine, Benzene N amino-benzoic acid butyl ester 60 10: strong carbonyl (=) band ~1700 cm : amines; secondary amines (-N) give one band; primary amines (- N2) gives two bands 4: several alkene bands ~1600 cm -1 for benzene ring = double bonds Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 22 22

23 haracteristic Stretches - arboxylic Acids cyclohex-2-enecarboxylic acid 60 10: strong carbonyl (=) band ~1700 cm : hydroxyl band (-) can be less intense and sharper in carboxylic acids : weak alkene band (=) since small dipole moment Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 23 23

24 haracteristic Stretches - Aldehydes hept-2-enal : usually two bands for - of aldehydes; may overlap with sp 3 - bands Wavenumbers at hicago EM 232, Spring Slide 24 24

25 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 25 25

26 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 26 26

27 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 27 27

28 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 28 28

29 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 29 29

30 Self Test Questions Which molecule is represented by the IR below? cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. A. a B. b.c D.d at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 Slide 30 30

31 Example cyclobutanol 2-butanone ethyl vinyl ether 2-methyl-2-propen-1-ol 2-methylpropanal a. b. c. d. e. Greater s character = stronger, shorter bonds = higher frequency at hicago EM 232, Spring 2010 A. a B. b.c D.d Slide 31 31

32 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Section: This topic will be covered in hapter

33 EM 232 rganic hemistry I at hicago Next Lecture... hapter 13: Sections 13.23,13.24, Problem Set 1 has been posted Quiz This Week... hapter 5 & 6 33

CHM 223 Organic Chemistry I Prof. Chad Landrie. Lecture 10: September 20, 2018 Ch. 12: Spectroscopy mass spectrometry infrared spectroscopy

CHM 223 Organic Chemistry I Prof. Chad Landrie. Lecture 10: September 20, 2018 Ch. 12: Spectroscopy mass spectrometry infrared spectroscopy M 223 Organic hemistry I Prof. had Landrie Lecture 10: September 20, 2018 h. 12: Spectroscopy mass spectrometry infrared spectroscopy i>licker Question onsider a solution that contains 65g R enantiomer

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Introduction Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength

More information

Lecture 11. IR Theory. Next Class: Lecture Problem 4 due Thin-Layer Chromatography

Lecture 11. IR Theory. Next Class: Lecture Problem 4 due Thin-Layer Chromatography Lecture 11 IR Theory Next Class: Lecture Problem 4 due Thin-Layer Chromatography This Week In Lab: Ch 6: Procedures 2 & 3 Procedure 4 (outside of lab) Next Week in Lab: Ch 7: PreLab Due Quiz 4 Ch 5 Final

More information

Radiant energy is proportional to its frequency (cycles/s = Hz) as a wave (Amplitude is its height) Different types are classified by frequency or

Radiant energy is proportional to its frequency (cycles/s = Hz) as a wave (Amplitude is its height) Different types are classified by frequency or CHEM 241 UNIT 5: PART B INFRA-RED RED SPECTROSCOPY 1 Spectroscopy of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiant energy is proportional to its frequency (cycles/s = Hz) as a wave (Amplitude is its height) Different

More information

Lecture 14 Organic Chemistry 1

Lecture 14 Organic Chemistry 1 CHEM 232 Organic Chemistry I at Chicago Lecture 14 Organic Chemistry 1 Professor Duncan Wardrop February 25, 2010 1 CHEM 232 Organic Chemistry I at Chicago Mass Spectrometry Sections: 13.24-13.25 2 Spectroscopy

More information

Introduction. The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants

Introduction. The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants Introduction The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Unlike mass spectrometry,

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances

Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances Suppose a white powder is one of the four following molecules. How can they be differentiated? H N N H H H H Na H H H H H A technique that is

More information

Chapter 12 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy

Chapter 12 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry, 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 12 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District 2006, Prentice

More information

Symmetric Stretch: allows molecule to move through space

Symmetric Stretch: allows molecule to move through space BACKGROUND INFORMATION Infrared Spectroscopy Before introducing the subject of IR spectroscopy, we must first review some aspects of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed

More information

CHEM 3.2 (AS91388) 3 credits. Demonstrate understanding of spectroscopic data in chemistry

CHEM 3.2 (AS91388) 3 credits. Demonstrate understanding of spectroscopic data in chemistry CHEM 3.2 (AS91388) 3 credits Demonstrate understanding of spectroscopic data in chemistry Spectroscopic data is limited to mass, infrared (IR) and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Organic

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy An Instrumental Method for Detecting Functional Groups

Infrared Spectroscopy An Instrumental Method for Detecting Functional Groups Infrared Spectroscopy An Instrumental Method for Detecting Functional Groups 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared Spectroscopy I. Physics Review Frequency, υ (nu), is the number of wave cycles that

More information

Learning Guide for Chapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy

Learning Guide for Chapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy Learning Guide for hapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy I. Introduction to spectroscopy - p 1 II. Molecular vibrations - p 3 III. Identifying functional groups - p 6 IV. Interpreting an IR spectrum - p 12

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy (Chapter 12) 1 This reaction from Ochem 1 How do we know if it worked? The reactant is cyclohexene; the product is cyclohexanol. How can we tell the difference? Infrared Spectroscopy

More information

12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy

12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy 12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure

More information

Chapter 13 Spectroscopy

Chapter 13 Spectroscopy hapter 13 Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry 13.1 Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation

More information

E35 SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

E35 SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E35 SPECTRSCPIC TECNIQUES IN RGANIC CEMISTRY Introductory Comments. These notes are designed to introduce you to the basic spectroscopic techniques which are used for the determination of the structure

More information

Química Orgânica I. Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química. IR spectroscopy AFB QO I 2007/08 1 AFB QO I 2007/08 2

Química Orgânica I. Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química. IR spectroscopy AFB QO I 2007/08 1 AFB QO I 2007/08 2 Química Orgânica I Ciências Farmacêuticas Bioquímica Química AFB QO I 2007/08 1 IR spectroscopy AFB QO I 2007/08 2 1 Adaptado de: Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition; L. G. Wade, Jr. Organic Chemistry, William

More information

SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER

SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER c = c: speed of light 3.00 x 10 8 m/s (lamda): wavelength (m) (nu): frequency (Hz) Increasing E (J) Increasing (Hz) E = h h - Planck s constant

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules How IR spectroscopy works:

Infrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules How IR spectroscopy works: Infrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules It is the study of the interaction of infrared energy with organic molecules; the process analyzes

More information

Learning Guide for Chapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy

Learning Guide for Chapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy Learning Guide for hapter 3 - Infrared Spectroscopy I. Introduction to spectroscopy - p 1 II. Molecular vibrations - p 3 III. Identifying functional groups - p 6 IV. Interpreting an IR spectrum - p 12

More information

CH 3. mirror plane. CH c d

CH 3. mirror plane. CH c d CAPTER 20 Practice Exercises 20.1 The index of hydrogen deficiency is two. The structural possibilities include two double bonds, a double do 20.3 (a) As this is an alkane, it contains only C and and has

More information

13.24: Mass Spectrometry: molecular weight of the sample

13.24: Mass Spectrometry: molecular weight of the sample hapter 13: Spectroscopy Methods of structure determination Nuclear Magnetic Resonances (NMR) Spectroscopy (Sections 13.3-13.19) Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy (Sections 13.20-13.22) Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis)

More information

EXPT. 7 CHARACTERISATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY

EXPT. 7 CHARACTERISATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY EXPT. 7 CHARACTERISATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS USING IR SPECTROSCOPY Structure 7.1 Introduction Objectives 7.2 Principle 7.3 Requirements 7.4 Strategy for the Interpretation of IR Spectra 7.5 Practice Problems

More information

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY.

ORGANIC - BROWN 8E CH INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: PURPOSE OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Classical Methods (Wet Chemistry): Chemists needed to run dozens of chemical reactions to determine the type of molecules in a compound.

More information

Chapter 14 Spectroscopy

Chapter 14 Spectroscopy hapter 14 Spectroscopy There are four major analytical techniques used for identifying the structure of organic molecules 1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance or NMR is the single most important technique for

More information

i e l d f Energy (E) = Direction visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma infrared

i e l d f Energy (E) = Direction visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma infrared rganic Structure Determination Analytical hemistry Instrument-based methods for determination of structure of organic molecules 1) Infrared Spectroscopy - yields functional groups 2) M Spectroscopy - very

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy: How to use the 5 zone approach to identify functional groups

Infrared Spectroscopy: How to use the 5 zone approach to identify functional groups Infrared Spectroscopy: How to use the 5 zone approach to identify functional groups Definition: Infrared Spectroscopy is the study of the Infrared Spectrum. An Infrared Spectrum is the plot of photon energy

More information

ORGANIC - BRUICE 8E CH MASS SPECT AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

ORGANIC - BRUICE 8E CH MASS SPECT AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: PURPOSE OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Classical Methods (Wet Chemistry): Chemists needed to run dozens of chemical reactions to determine the type of molecules in a compound.

More information

Chapter 13. R.F.----µ-wave----I.R. (Heat)------Visible------U.V X-Ray------γ-Ray SPECTROSCOPY. Definition: Types to Be Covered:

Chapter 13. R.F.----µ-wave----I.R. (Heat)------Visible------U.V X-Ray------γ-Ray SPECTROSCOPY. Definition: Types to Be Covered: hamras Glendale ommunity ollege rganic hemistry 105 Exam 4 Materials hapter 13 SPETRSPY Definition: Types to Be overed: A) Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) B) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) )

More information

Structure Determination. How to determine what compound that you have? One way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis

Structure Determination. How to determine what compound that you have? One way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis Structure Determination How to determine what compound that you have? ne way to determine compound is to get an elemental analysis -basically burn the compound to determine %C, %H, %, etc. from these percentages

More information

7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text , , 12.10)

7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text , , 12.10) 2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 7a.1 7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text 11.1 11.5, 12.1 12.5, 12.10) A. Electromagnetic Radiation Energy is

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types

More information

Welcome to Organic Chemistry II

Welcome to Organic Chemistry II Welcome to Organic Chemistry II Erika Bryant, Ph.D. erika.bryant@hccs.edu Class Syllabus 3 CHAPTER 12: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION 4 What is this solution Soda Tea Coffee??? 5 What is this solution Soda Tea

More information

CHE 325 SPECTROSCOPY (A) CHAP 13A ASSIGN CH 2 CH CH 2 CH CHCH 3

CHE 325 SPECTROSCOPY (A) CHAP 13A ASSIGN CH 2 CH CH 2 CH CHCH 3 CE 325 SPECTRSCPY (A) CAP 13A ASSIGN 1. Which compound would have a UV absorption band at longest wavelength? A. I B. II C. III D. IV E. V C CC 3 CC C 2 C CC 3 I II III C 2 C C 2 C CC 3 IV V 2. Select

More information

(2) Read each statement carefully and pick the one that is incorrect in its information.

(2) Read each statement carefully and pick the one that is incorrect in its information. Organic Chemistry - Problem Drill 17: IR and Mass Spectra No. 1 of 10 1. Which statement about infrared spectroscopy is incorrect? (A) IR spectroscopy is a method of structure determination based on the

More information

ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: IR, NMR, MASS SPECT

ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: IR, NMR, MASS SPECT !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: PURPOSE OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Classical Methods (Wet Chemistry): Chemists needed to run dozens of chemical reactions to determine the type of molecules in a compound.

More information

ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: IR, NMR, MASS SPECT

ORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: IR, NMR, MASS SPECT !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: PURPOSE OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES Classical Methods (Wet Chemistry): Chemists needed to run dozens of chemical reactions to determine the type of molecules in a compound.

More information

Organic Compound Identification Using Infrared Spectroscopy. Description

Organic Compound Identification Using Infrared Spectroscopy. Description Return to paper Organic Compound Identification Using Infrared Spectroscopy Dr. Walt Volland, Bellevue Community College All rights reserved 1999, Bellevue, Washington Description This exercise is intended

More information

Unit 2 Organic Chemistry. 2.3 Structural Analysis Part 2:

Unit 2 Organic Chemistry. 2.3 Structural Analysis Part 2: CFE ADVANCED HIGHER Unit 2 Organic Chemistry 2.3 Structural Analysis Part 2: Mass Spectroscopy Infra-red Spectroscopy NMR Proton Spectroscopy Answers to Questions in Notes Learning Outcomes Exam Questions

More information

Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis

Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis Lecture 2 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis IR spectroscopy Dr. Baraa Ramzi Infrared Spectroscopy It is a powerful tool for identifying pure organic and inorganic compounds. Every molecular compound has

More information

Increasing energy. ( 10 4 cm -1 ) ( 10 2 cm -1 )

Increasing energy. ( 10 4 cm -1 ) ( 10 2 cm -1 ) The branch of science which deals with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter is called spectroscopy The energy absorbed or emitted in each transition corresponds to a definite frequency

More information

1.1. IR is part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave

1.1. IR is part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave CH2SWK 44/6416 IR Spectroscopy 2013Feb5 1 1. Theory and properties 1.1. IR is part of electromagnetic spectrum between visible and microwave 1.2. 4000 to 400 cm -1 (wave numbers) most interesting to organic

More information

2FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS:

2FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS: P1: PBU/VY P2: PBU/VY Q: PBU/VY T1: PBU Printer: Bind Rite JWL338-02 JWL338-Solomons-v1 April 23, 2010 21:49 2AMILIES ARB MPUDS: UTIAL GRUPS, ITERMLEULAR RES, AD IRARED (IR) SPETRSPY SLUTIS T PRBLEMS 2.1

More information

Unit 3 Organic Chemistry. 3.3 Structural Analysis Part 2:

Unit 3 Organic Chemistry. 3.3 Structural Analysis Part 2: Unit 3 Organic Chemistry 3.3 Structural Analysis Part 2: Mass Spectroscopy Infra-red Spectroscopy NMR Proton Spectroscopy Answers to Questions in Notes Learning Outcomes Exam Questions & Answers MODIFIED

More information

Topic 2.11 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Infra-red Spectroscopy

Topic 2.11 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Infra-red Spectroscopy Topic 2.11 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Infra-red Spectroscopy HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY The technique of mass spectrometry was used in Unit 1 to: a) determine the relative

More information

William H. Brown & Christopher S. Foote

William H. Brown & Christopher S. Foote Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to:permissions Department, Harcourt Brace & Company, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 William H. Brown

More information

More information can be found in Chapter 12 in your textbook for CHEM 3750/ 3770 and on pages in your laboratory manual.

More information can be found in Chapter 12 in your textbook for CHEM 3750/ 3770 and on pages in your laboratory manual. CHEM 3780 rganic Chemistry II Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Review More information can be found in Chapter 12 in your textbook for CHEM 3750/ 3770 and on pages 13-28 in your laboratory manual.

More information

How to Interpret an Infrared (IR) Spectrum

How to Interpret an Infrared (IR) Spectrum How to Interpret an Infrared (IR) Spectrum Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy allows the identification of particular bonds present within molecules. In this class we have simplified IR analysis by only focusing

More information

Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation and Molecular structure. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation and Molecular structure. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy: Electromagnetic Radiation and Molecular structure Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) !E = h" Electromagnetic radiation is absorbed when the energy of photon corresponds

More information

1 Which of the following cannot be used to detect alcohol in a breathalyser test? Fractional distillation. Fuel cell. Infrared spectroscopy

1 Which of the following cannot be used to detect alcohol in a breathalyser test? Fractional distillation. Fuel cell. Infrared spectroscopy 1 Which of the following cannot be used to detect alcohol in a breathalyser test? Fractional distillation Fuel cell Infrared spectroscopy Reduction of dichromate(vi) ions 2 Propanal, H 3 H 2 HO, and propanone,

More information

Organic Chemistry: CHEM2322

Organic Chemistry: CHEM2322 Etiquette & Course Overview Organic Chemistry: Structure Determination MS & IR Dr. Christopher J. O Brien 203 CRB, cobrien@uta.edu Classroom etiquette Arrive on time if you are late you must quietly take

More information

Table 8.2 Detailed Table of Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies

Table 8.2 Detailed Table of Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies Table 8.2 Detailed Table of Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies The hydrogen stretch region (3600 2500 cm 1 ). Absorption in this region is associated with the stretching vibration of hydrogen

More information

Chem HH W11 Notes - Dr. Masato Koreeda Date: January 5, 2011 Topic: _IR Spectroscopy_ page 1 of 3. fingerprint region

Chem HH W11 Notes - Dr. Masato Koreeda Date: January 5, 2011 Topic: _IR Spectroscopy_ page 1 of 3. fingerprint region hem 215-216 W11 Notes - Dr. Masato Koreeda Date: January 5, 2011 Topic: _I Spectroscopy_ page 1 of 3. Infra-red (I) Spectroscopy (Ege s book: Section 12.2; hapter 3 of the textbook arwood/laridge) Uses

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy x-rays ultraviolet (UV) visible Infrared (I) microwaves radiowaves near I middle I far I λ (cm) 8 x 10-5 2.5 x 10-4 2.5 x 10-3 2.5 x 10-2 µ 0.8 2.5 25 250 ν (cm -1 ) 13,000 4,000 400 40 ν (cm -1 1 ) =

More information

MASS and INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPY

MASS and INFRA RED SPECTROSCOPY MASS and INFRA RED SPECTRSCPY Mass Spectroscopy The mass spectrometer was looked at in Unit 1. It was noted there that compounds produce fragmentation patterns when passes through a mass spectrometer.

More information

MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY MOLEULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPETROSOPY A STUDENT SOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Given a Lewis (dash or dot), condensed, bond-line, or wedge formula of a compound draw the other representations. 2. Give

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy. Provides information about the vibraions of functional groups in a molecule

Infrared Spectroscopy. Provides information about the vibraions of functional groups in a molecule Infrared Spectroscopy Provides information about the vibraions of functional groups in a molecule Therefore, the functional groups present in a molecule can be deduced from an IR spectrum Two important

More information

Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace, the laboratory manual. Infrared Spectroscopy History and Application: Infrared (IR) radiation is simply one segment of the electromagnetic spectrum

More information

Organic Chemistry II (CHE ) Examination I February 11, Name (Print legibly): Key. Student ID#:

Organic Chemistry II (CHE ) Examination I February 11, Name (Print legibly): Key. Student ID#: rganic hemistry II (HE 232-001) Examination I February 11, 2009 Name (Print legibly): Key (last) (first) Student ID#: PLEASE observe the following: You are allowed to have scratch paper (provided by me),

More information

OAT Organic Chemistry - Problem Drill 19: NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry

OAT Organic Chemistry - Problem Drill 19: NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry OAT Organic Chemistry - Problem Drill 19: NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. Which statement concerning NMR spectroscopy is incorrect? Question #01 (A) Only nuclei

More information

IR absorption spectroscopy

IR absorption spectroscopy IR absorption spectroscopy IR spectroscopy - an analytical technique which helps determine molecules structure When a molecule absorbs IR radiation, the vibrational energy of the molecule increase! The

More information

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy

Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy 3 IR regions Structure and Functional Group Absorption IR Reflection IR Photoacoustic IR IR Emission Micro 10-1 Mid-IR Mid-IR absorption Samples Placed in cell (salt)

More information

Chemistry 343- Spring 2008

Chemistry 343- Spring 2008 Chemistry 343- Spring 2008 27 Chapter 2- Representative Carbon Compounds: Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces and IR Spectroscopy A. ydrocarbons: Compounds composed of only C and Four Basic Types:

More information

Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound

Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound Chapter 12- Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Ashley Piekarski, Ph.D. Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound The analysis of the outcome of a reac=on requires

More information

General Infrared Absorption Ranges of Various Functional Groups

General Infrared Absorption Ranges of Various Functional Groups General Infrared Absorption Ranges of Various Functional Groups Frequency Range Bond Type of Compound cm -1 Intensity C Alkanes 2850-2970 Strong 1340-1470 Strong C Alkenes 3010-3095 Medium 675-995 Strong

More information

PAPER No.12 :Organic Spectroscopy MODULE No.30: Combined problem on UV, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass - Part II

PAPER No.12 :Organic Spectroscopy MODULE No.30: Combined problem on UV, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass - Part II Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 12 : rganic Spectroscopy 30: Combined problem on UV, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass Part-II CHE_P12_M30 TABLE F CNTENTS 1. Learning utcomes

More information

Structure Determination

Structure Determination There are more than 5 million organic compounds, the great majority of which are colourless liquids or white solids. Identifying or at least characterising determining some of its properties and features

More information

Chapter 12 Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy

Chapter 12 Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 12 Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Figure 12.1 - The electron-ionization, magneticsector mass spectrometer Representing the Mass Spectrum Base Peak Parent

More information

Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy. What is the size and formula? Infrared spectroscopy

Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy. What is the size and formula? Infrared spectroscopy Revs checked MR Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy 12 12-1 Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules: MagneticSector Instruments 12-2 Interpreting Mass Spectra 12-3 Mass Spectrometry

More information

ORGANIC - EGE 5E CH UV AND INFRARED MASS SPECTROMETRY

ORGANIC - EGE 5E CH UV AND INFRARED MASS SPECTROMETRY !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: IR SPECTROSCOPY- FREQUENCIES There are specific absorption frequencies in the functional group region that we should be familiar with EXAMPLE: What are the major IR absorptions

More information

Calculate a rate given a species concentration change.

Calculate a rate given a species concentration change. Kinetics Define a rate for a given process. Change in concentration of a reagent with time. A rate is always positive, and is usually referred to with only magnitude (i.e. no sign) Reaction rates can be

More information

ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY NOTES

ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY NOTES - 1 - ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY NOTES Basics of Spectroscopy UV/vis, IR and NMR are all types of Absorption Spectroscopy, where EM radiation corresponding to exactly the energy of specific excitations in molecules

More information

February 8, 2018 Chemistry 328N

February 8, 2018 Chemistry 328N Lecture 7 UV-Vis spectroscopy February 8, 2018 First Midterm Exam When: Wednesday, 2/14 When: 7-9 PM (please do not be late) Where: WEL 2.122 This room!!! What: Covers material through today s lecture

More information

22 and Applications of 13 C NMR

22 and Applications of 13 C NMR Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 12 and rganic Spectroscopy 22 and Applications of 13 C NMR CHE_P12_M22 TABLE F CNTENTS 1. Learning utcomes 2. Introduction 3. Structural

More information

Effect of mass attached to the spring: 1. Replace the small stopper with the large stopper. Repeat steps 3-9 for each spring set.

Effect of mass attached to the spring: 1. Replace the small stopper with the large stopper. Repeat steps 3-9 for each spring set. EXERCISE 1: Representing molecular vibrations with spring oscillations A spring is a common model for covalent chemical bonds. One of the interesting interpretations of quantum mechanics is that bonds

More information

Organic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy H. D. Roth. THEORY and INTERPRETATION of ORGANIC SPECTRA H. D. Roth. Infra Red Spectroscopy

Organic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy H. D. Roth. THEORY and INTERPRETATION of ORGANIC SPECTRA H. D. Roth. Infra Red Spectroscopy rganic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy. D. Roth TERY and INTERPRETATIN of RGANI SPETRA. D. Roth Infra Red Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is an analytical technique concerned with molecular vibrations

More information

Types of Molecular Vibrations

Types of Molecular Vibrations Important concepts in IR spectroscopy Vibrations that result in change of dipole moment give rise to IR absorptions. The oscillating electric field of the radiation couples with the molecular vibration

More information

Experiment 11: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Experiment 11: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Experiment 11: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Purpose: This is an exercise to introduce the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy, to determine

More information

i e l d f Energy (E) = Direction visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma infrared

i e l d f Energy (E) = Direction visible ultraviolet X-ray gamma infrared rganic Structure Determination Analytical hemistry Instrument-based methods for determination of structure of organic molecules 1) Infrared Spectroscopy - yields functional groups 2) NMR Spectroscopy -

More information

FAMILIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

FAMILIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 1 SCH4U October 2016 Organic Chemistry Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO 3 - ) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen, a halogen

More information

Classes of Organic Compounds

Classes of Organic Compounds Unit 1 Functional Groups Depicting Structures of rganic ompounds Lewis Structures ondensed structural formulas Line angle drawings 3-dimensional structures Resonance Structures Acid-Base Reactions urved

More information

William H. Brown & Christopher S. Foote

William H. Brown & Christopher S. Foote Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to:permissions Department, Harcourt Brace & Company, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 William H. Brown

More information

Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory

Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory Infrared spectroscopy Basic theory Dr. Davide Ferri Paul Scherrer Institut 056 310 27 81 davide.ferri@psi.ch Importance of IR spectroscopy in catalysis IR Raman NMR XAFS UV-Vis EPR 0 200 400 600 800 1000

More information

C h a p t e r S i x t e e n: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. An 1 H NMR FID of ethanol

C h a p t e r S i x t e e n: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. An 1 H NMR FID of ethanol 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 C h a p t e r S i x t e e n: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy An 1 NMR FID of ethanol Note: Problems with italicized numbers

More information

Objective 4. Determine (characterize) the structure of a compound using IR, NMR, MS.

Objective 4. Determine (characterize) the structure of a compound using IR, NMR, MS. Objective 4. Determine (characterize) the structure of a compound using IR, NMR, MS. Skills: Draw structure IR: match bond type to IR peak NMR: ID number of non-equivalent H s, relate peak splitting to

More information

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Vibrational Spectroscopy Vibrational Spectroscopy In this part of the course we will look at the kind of spectroscopy which uses light to excite the motion of atoms. The forces required to move atoms are smaller than those required

More information

1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) NH 2 B) NH 2

1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) NH 2 B) NH 2 MULTIPLE CICE QUESTINS Topic: Intermolecular forces 1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) N 2 B) N 2 C) N D) E) N Ans: : N 2 D Topic: Molecular geometry, dipole moment

More information

Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy

Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy Chemistry 213 Practical Spectroscopy Dave Berg djberg@uvic.ca Elliott 314 A course in determining structure by spectroscopic methods Different types of spectroscopy afford different information about molecules

More information

Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy

Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy Lecture 2 nmr Spectroscopy Pages 427 430 and Chapter 13 Molecular Spectroscopy Molecular spectroscopy: the study of the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that are absorbed or emitted by substances

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 3 Quantum Transitions The energy of a photon can also be transferred to an elementary particle by adsorption if the energy of the photon exactly matches the

More information

Look for absorption bands in decreasing order of importance:

Look for absorption bands in decreasing order of importance: 1. Match the following to their IR spectra (30 points) Look for absorption bands in decreasing order of importance: a e a 2941 1716 d f b 3333 c b 1466 1.the - absorption(s) between 3100 and 2850 cm-1.

More information

Spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy Learning objectives Learning outcomes After completing this course, the student will be able to: Recognize the concept and principle of FT-IR Spectroscopy

More information

Chem 14C Lecture 1 Spring 2016 Exam 2 Solutions Page 1

Chem 14C Lecture 1 Spring 2016 Exam 2 Solutions Page 1 Chem 14C Lecture 1 Spring 2016 Exam 2 Solutions Page 1 Statistics: High score, average, and low score will be posted on the course web site after exam grading is complete. Some questions have more than

More information

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTROMETRY

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTROMETRY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTROMETRY A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Identify and explain the processes involved in proton ( 1 H) and carbon-13 ( 13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance

More information

Chapter 13: Molecular Spectroscopy

Chapter 13: Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 13: Molecular Spectroscopy Electromagnetic Radiation E = hν h = Planck s Constant (6.63 x 10-34 J. s) ν = frequency (s -1 ) c = νλ λ = wavelength (nm) Energy is proportional to frequency Spectrum

More information

C h a p t e r F o u r t e e n: Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy

C h a p t e r F o u r t e e n: Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy C h a p t e r F o u r t e e n: Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Cl OH Cl An electron ionization mass spectrum of 2,5-dichlorophenol CHM 323: Summary of Important Concepts

More information

CHEM311 FALL 2005 Practice Exam #3

CHEM311 FALL 2005 Practice Exam #3 EM311 FALL 2005 Practice Exam #3 Instructions: This is a multiple choice / short answer practice exam. For the multiple-choice questions, there may be more than one correct answer. If so, then circle as

More information

Isomerism CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12. Constitutional isomers...

Isomerism CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12. Constitutional isomers... Isomerism 4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 onstitutional isomers... 3 8 Positional isomers... Functional isomers... ow many constitutional isomers are there for the formula 4 8? arbon atoms are often classified as

More information

Unit 11 Instrumentation. Mass, Infrared and NMR Spectroscopy

Unit 11 Instrumentation. Mass, Infrared and NMR Spectroscopy Unit 11 Instrumentation Mass, Infrared and NMR Spectroscopy Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds Qualitative analysis: presence but not quantity (i.e. PEDs) Quantitative analysis: quantity

More information