Deactivation Pathways in Transition Metal Catalysis
|
|
- Wendy Lindsey
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Why Study Catalyst Decomposition? decomposition active for catalysis inactive for catalysis "One of the reasons for [the] limited understanding [of catalyst deactivation] is that academic groups usually focus on the more rewarding improvement of activity and/or selectivity of a catalyst, since more or less rational strategies can be followed, rather than investing resources to follow catalyst deactivation along unexplored pathways." Poater, A.; Cavallo,. Theor. Chem. Acc. 2012, 131, 1155.
2 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Why Study Catalyst Decomposition? Deactivation is much more studied in industrial settings where low catalyst loadings are critical. What happens if you lose 10% of your catalyst each cycle? 5%? 2%? % Catalyst umber of Cycles Even a modest improvement can have a large effect on TO!
3 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Why Study Catalyst Decomposition? decomposition But first, some definitions: Irreversible processes that involves extensive breakup of bonds in a chemical structure: n Degredation: deletirious ligand functionalization or bond rupture n Decomposition: collapse of the metal complex as a whole n Deactivation: permanent loss in catalytic activity n Inhibition: reversible process that leads to loss in activity Crabtree, R.. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 127.
4 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis A Scarce Topic in the iterature igand loss or deleterious functionalization M M Multimetallic processes, cluster formation n Pd(0) Catalyst poisons C CO thiols O 2 Substrate or product inhibition O Br Crabtree, R.. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 127.
5 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Outline ydrogenation Cross tathesis otoredox 2+ 2 Ir Cy 3 P 2 Ir Ir 2 2+ Ir III
6 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst + Crabtree's Catalyst Ir n discovered in 1977 n reactivity for tetrasubstituted olefins TOF (mol substrate per mol cat. per hour) catalyst Rh(P 3 ) 3 [Rh(cod)(P 3 ) 2 ]PF 6 [Ir(cod) (py)]pf Xu, Y.; Mingos, M. P.; Brown, J. M. Chem. Commun. 2008, 199.
7 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst + Ir A B A B C D 2, C 2 2 C D O O CO 2 CO 2 20 mol% cat, 99:1 dr 2 mol% cat, 89:11 dr Brown, J. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1987, 26, 190.
8 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst 2 3 C C 3 py S Ir S S 3 C C 3 py S Ir 2 S py Ir S Ir I /Ir III py Ir S py Ir Ir III /Ir V py Ir reductive elimination py Ir S migratory insertion reductive elimination py Ir migratory insertion Verendel, J. J.; Pàmies, O.; Diéguez, M.; Andersson, P. G. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 2130.
9 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst 2 3 C C 3 py S Ir S S 3 C C 3 py S Ir 2 S py Ir S Ir I /Ir III py Ir S py Ir Ir III /Ir V py Ir reductive elimination py Ir S migratory insertion reductive elimination py Ir migratory insertion Verendel, J. J.; Pàmies, O.; Diéguez, M.; Andersson, P. G. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 2130.
10 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst + K 2 Pt 4 2+ Ir 2, C 2 2 low [alkene] 2 Ir Cy 3 P 2 Ir Ir 2 n bulkier ligands can prevent trimerisation through steric hindrance n low catalyst concentration can prevent trimerisation n complexes with BAr F counterion rather than PF 6 are less moisture sensitive Xu, Y.; Mingos, M. P.; Brown, J. M. Chem. Commun. 2008, 199.
11 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Crabtree's Catalyst + X O o-tol o-tol P Ir O tbu O 2, C 2 2 X mol% cat. conditions conversion % PF 6 4% 57% PF 6 4% rigorously dry 99% BAr F 0.3% 99% n complexes with BAr F counterion rather than PF 6 are less moisture sensitive ightfoot, A.; Schnider, P.; Pfaltz, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 2897.
12 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Outline ydrogenation Cross tathesis otoredox 2+ 2 Ir Cy 3 P 2 Ir Ir 2 2+ Ir III
13 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts EtO 2 C CO 2 Et metathesis cat. EtO 2 C CO 2 Et Schrock Chauvin Grubbs
14 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts unstable to: n coordinating solvents (C, DMSO, etc.) n lewis basic functionality Grubbs generation I n amines in particular 2 10 minutes 2 [] unidentified, inactive byproducts Moore, J. S. et. al. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1817.
15 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts 2 10 minutes 2 [] unidentified, inactive byproducts Bimolecular Catalyst Decomposition R R R R products Moore, J. S. et. al. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1817.
16 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts P O P O ipr PCy 2 ipr ipr widely studied 2 e spectator ligand sterically and electronically tunable strong σ-donor, weak π-acceptor very tight binding to metal sterically large ligand Crabtree, R.. J. Organomet. Chem. 2005, 690, 5451.
17 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts s s Functional Group Tolerance R O O O R O R O O R R O R R O R O R Trnka, T. M.; Grubbs, R.. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 18.
18 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin thathesis Catalysts s s s s EtO 2 C CO 2 Et RCM ROMP Moore, J. S. et. al. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1817.
19 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts s s s s EtO 2 C CO 2 Et bulky ROMP small RCM Moore, J. S. et. al. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351, 1817.
20 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts s s 1 mol% ipro amine (n mol%), 60 ºC, 24 h Ireland, B. J.; Dobigny, B. T.; Fogg, D. E. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 4690.
21 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts Benzylidene abstraction s s 2 R s s s 2 R R s + s s Ireland, B. J.; Dobigny, B. T.; Fogg, D. E. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 4690.
22 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts ummiss, J. A. M.' Mcennan, W..; McDonald, R.; Fogg, D. E. Organometallics 2014, 33, 6738.
23 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts Benzylidene abstraction s s 2 R s s s 2 R R s + s s Ireland, B. J.; Dobigny, B. T.; Fogg, D. E. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 4690.
24 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts Benzylidene abstraction s s 2 R s s s 2 R R s + s s tallacyclobutane deprotonation 2 Is R 2 Is R R 3 2 Is R R 3 + R decomp. Ireland, B. J.; Dobigny, B. T.; Fogg, D. E. ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 4690.
25 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin thathesis Catalysts E E metathesis catalyst E E C 2 2, 24 h s s O yield = 0% yield = 76% yield = >95% ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
26 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts E E metathesis catalyst E E C 2 2, 24 h s s O yield = 0% yield = 76% yield = >95% ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
27 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin thathesis Catalysts 40 ºC C 2 2, 12 h 24% 38% ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
28 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin thathesis Catalysts C activation hydride insertion R.E. 40 ºC C 2 2, > 7 days no reaction ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
29 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts 1.2 equiv C 2 2, 36 h + quantitative assistance required for second C insertion ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
30 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin thathesis Catalysts E E metathesis catalyst E E C 2 2, 24 h s s O yield = 0% yield = 76% yield = >95% ong, S..; Chlenov, A.; Day, M. W.; Grubbs, R.. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5148.
31 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Olefin tathesis Catalysts s s A metathesis catalyst that tolerates free amines has yet to be reported.
32 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Outline ydrogenation Cross tathesis otoredox 2+ 2 Ir Cy 3 P 2 Ir Ir 2 2+ Ir III
33 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis Ir III most organic molecules photoredox catalysts absorb light from ordinary light bulbs UV light Visible light 200 nm 300 nm 400 nm 500 nm 600 nm 700 nm Targeted delivery of energy via selective excitation of photoredox catalyst
34 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis Ir III otons converted into ~55 kcal/mol chemical potential energy Typical reaction: oxidation or reduction otoredox reaction: oxidation and reduction ew paradigm for reaction development
35 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O Ir(ppy) 3 (0.375 mol%) CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv 85% Ir III Ir(ppy) 3 Kinetic analysis indicates: (1) substrate or product inhibition, or (2) [Ir(ppy) 3 ] is not constant due to deactivation Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
36 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O O Et CO 2 Et Ir IV oxidant O SET Br O Et otoredox Catalytic Cycle SET * Ir III reductant Ir III CO 2 Et + CO 2 Et visible light reference Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
37 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O Ir(ppy) 3 (0.375 mol%) CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv 85% Ir III Ir(ppy) 3 Kinetic analysis indicates: (1) substrate or product inhibition, or (2) [Ir(ppy) 3 ] is not constant due to deactivation Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
38 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O Ir(ppy) 3 (0.375 mol%) CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv 85% Ir III Ir(ppy) 3 Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
39 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O Ir(ppy) 3 (0.375 mol%) CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv 85% tri Ir III di tetra mono penta Ir(ppy) 3 Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
40 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis Ir III Br O 3 equiv OEt aoac 3 equiv C 2 2, blue ED Ir III EtO O Ir III 35% 29% 5 O K 2 Pt 4 5 (0.375 mol%) CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv "reaction proceeded efficiently" Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
41 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis O photocatalyst CO 2 Et Br OEt aco 3, DMA blue ED 2 3 equiv Ir III Ir III Ir III mol%, 18 h mol%, 18 h 72% 94% Ir IV/III = V mol%, 48 h <50% Ir IV/III = V Stephenson, C. R. J. et al. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 537.
42 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 1 CT 3 CT II λ max = 453 nm (bpy) 3 2+ reference yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
43 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 1 CT 3 CT II excitation λ max = 453 nm (bpy) 3 2+ reference yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. yer, Soc. T. 1982, J. J. Am. 104, Chem Soc. Bernhard, 1982, 104, S. Chem Eur. J. 2007, 13, 8726.
44 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 1 CT 3 CT II ISC excitation λ max = 453 nm (bpy) 3 2+ reference yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. yer, Soc. T. 1982, J. J. Am. 104, Chem Soc. Bernhard, 1982, 104, S. Chem Eur. J. 2007, 13, 8726.
45 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 1 CT II 3 CT ISC thermal activation 3 d-d excitation in absence of quencher, thermal equilibration to 3 d-d state can occur (bpy) 3 2+ reference yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
46 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 1 CT II 3 CT ISC thermal activation 3 d-d excitation in 3 d-d state, an antibonding metal-based orbital is populated. (bpy) 3 2+ significant distortion of bonds! reference yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
47 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis II II + X X + X II II X X *(bpy) d-d state dissociative mechanism (no entering group dependence for (bpy) 2 (py) 2 2+ ) strong-field d 6 II + 2X II X X X =, Br, CS reference Durham, B.; Caspar, J. V.; agle, K. J.; yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
48 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis II II + X X + X II II X X *(bpy) d-d state dissociative mechanism (no entering group dependence for (bpy) 2 (py) 2 2+ ) strong-field d 6 complex φ p (presence of O 2 ) φ p (degassed) [(bpy) 3 ](CS) 2 [(bpy) 3 ]() reference Durham, B.; Caspar, J. V.; agle, K. J.; yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
49 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis II hν II Br Br [(bpy) 3 ]Br 2 (bpy) 2 Br 2 λ max = 453 nm λ max = 548 nm reference Durham, B.; Caspar, J. V.; agle, K. J.; yer, T. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4803.
50 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis 44 E FSE SO 77 Ir Electronegativity (E) igand Field Stabilization Energy (FSE) Spin-Orbit Coupling (SO) increased ligand field stabilization energy makes it more difficult to populate antibonding 3 d-d state, so Ir complexes are more stable than the corresponding complexes
51 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis K 2 Pt 4 2 O Ir(ppy) 2 (bpy)pf 6 9:3:1 C: 2 O:TEOA Ir III Ir III no d π* ^ 3 MCT state! Tinker,. T.; McDaniel,. D.; Curtin, P..; Smith, C. K.; Ireland, M. J.; Bernhard, S. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 8726.
52 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis + Ir III reference owry, M. S.; Bernhard, S. Chem. Eur. J. 2006, 12, 7970.
53 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis otoredox Catalysis + + Ir III Ir III n decomposition by loss of bpy is slow at high quencher concentration n coordinating anions and low dielectric solvents accelerate decomposition n high temperature results in more thermal crossing to 3 d-d state reference
54 Deactivation Pathways in Transition tal Catalysis Why Study Catalyst Decomposition? decomposition active for catalysis inactive for catalysis "One of the reasons for [the] limited understanding [of catalyst deactivation] is that academic groups usually focus on the more rewarding improvement of activity and/or selectivity of a catalyst, since more or less rational strategies can be followed, rather than investing resources to follow catalyst deactivation along unexplored pathways." Poater, A.; Cavallo,. Theor. Chem. Acc. 2012, 131, 1155.
deactivation or decomposition is therefore quantified using the turnover number.
A catalyst may be defined by two important criteria related to its stability and efficiency. Name both of these criteria and describe how they are defined with respect to stability or efficiency. A catalyst
More informationRecent Advances of Alkyne Metathesis. Group Meeting Timothy Chang
Recent Advances of Alkyne Metathesis Group Meeting Timothy Chang 11-09-10 Fischer Carbyne and Schrock Alkylidyne Fischer Doublet LX type 4e Schrock Quartet X 3 type 6e -1-3 lone pair covalent p-back bonding
More informationN-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) In contrast to Fischer and Schrock type carbenes NHCs are extremely stable, inert ligands when complexed to a metal centre. Similar to phosphine ligands they are electronically
More informationA Simple Introduction of the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction
A Simple Introduction of the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction Reporter: Supervisor: Zhe Niu Prof. Yang Prof. Chen Prof. Tang 2016/2/3 Content Introduction Intermolecular Mizoroki-Heck Reaction Intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck
More informationMetal Hydrides, Alkyls, Aryls, and their Reactions
Metal Hydrides, Alkyls, Aryls, and their Reactions A Primer on MO Theory σ-bonding in Organotransition Metal Complexes M-C Bond Energies in Organotransition Metal Complexes Thermodynamic Predictions
More informationN-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) In contrast to Fischer and Schrock type carbenes NHCs are extremely stable, inert ligands when complexed to a metal centre. Similar to phosphine ligands they are electronically
More informationN-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES: STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES Zachery Matesich 24 February 2015 Roadmap 2 Introduction Synthetic Methods History of NHCs Properties of NHCs Nature of the carbene Structural properties
More informationBasics of Catalysis and Kinetics
Basics of Catalysis and Kinetics Nobel laureates in catalysis: Haber (1918) Ziegler and Natta (1963) Wilkinson, Fischer (1973) Knowles, Noyori, Sharpless (2001) Grubbs, Schrock, Chauvin (2006) Ertl (2007)
More informationIridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation with Chiral P,N Ligands
Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation with Chiral P, Ligands 贾佳 utline Brief Introduction Hydrogenation of C=C Bonds Hydrogenation of C= Bonds Hydrogenation of C= Bonds Conclusion Brief Introduction First example
More informationLecture 17 February 14, 2013 MH + bonding, metathesis
Lecture 17 February 14, 2013 MH + bonding, metathesis Nature of the Chemical Bond with applications to catalysis, materials science, nanotechnology, surface science, bioinorganic chemistry, and energy
More informationLecture 13 February 1, 2011 Pd and Pt, MH + bonding, metathesis
Lecture 13 February 1, 2011 Pd and Pt, MH + bonding, metathesis Nature of the Chemical Bond with applications to catalysis, materials science, nanotechnology, surface science, bioinorganic chemistry, and
More informationCoupling Reactions Using Excited State Organonickel Complex _LS_Daiki_Kamakura
Coupling eactions Using Excited State rganonickel Complex 171118_LS_Daiki_Kamakura i Catalysis in Coupling eactions 9 10 11 Co 28 i Cu h Pd Ag Ir Pt Au Features of i d electrons: 8 relatively inexpensive
More informationOrganic Molecules, Photoredox, and. Catalysis
Organic Molecules, Photoredox, and Catalysis 1 What is Photoredox Catalysis 2 Transition Metal vs Organic Photoredox Transition Metal Catalysts Organic Catalyst Reprinted (2017) with permission from (Wangelin,
More informationApplications of Non-Commercially Available Metathesis Catalysts
Applications of on-commercially Available tathesis Catalysts or A Simple Guide to ptimizing tathesis eactions Bz + Ac Ac 3 mol% catalyst, reflux, 6h Bz Ac MacMillan Group eting January 16, 2008 38% 87%
More informationDevelopment, Application and Understanding of Synthetic Tools!
Homogene Katalyse Wie kann man schneller, effizienter und umweltfreundlicher organische Moleküle und Polymere synthetisieren? Wie funktionieren diese Synthesewerkzeuge? Prof. Dr., Organometallic Chemistry,
More informationCatellani Reaction (Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Reaction) Todd Luo
Catellani Reaction (Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Reaction) Todd Luo 2014.1.6 1 Content Introduction Progress of Catellani Reaction o-alkylation and Applications o-arylation and Applications Conclusion and Outlook
More informationCHEM 251 (4 credits): Description
CHEM 251 (4 credits): Intermediate Reactions of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles (Reactivity 2) Description: An understanding of chemical reactivity, initiated in Reactivity 1, is further developed based
More informationC H activation of aliphatic amines without unnecessary mask M2 Takaya Togo
C H activation of aliphatic amines without unnecessary mask 2017.11.25 M2 Takaya Togo 1 Outline 1.Introduction 2.Free amines as DG Discovery of new activation mode Mechanistic studies Application of the
More informationA Summary of Organometallic Chemistry
A Summary of Organometallic Chemistry Counting valence electrons (v.e.) with the ionic model 1. Look at the total charge of the complex Ph 3 P Cl Rh Ph 3 P PPh 3 OC CO 2 Fe OC CO Co + charge:0 charge:
More informationReaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. Reactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b.
eaction chemistry of complexes Three general forms: 1. eactions involving the gain and loss of ligands a. Ligand Dissoc. and Assoc. (Bala) b. Oxidative Addition c. eductive Elimination d. Nucleophillic
More informationHybridization of Nickel Catalysis and Photoredox Catalysis. Literature seminar#1 B4 Hiromu Fuse 2017/02/04(Sat)
Hybridization of Nickel Catalysis and Photoredox Catalysis Literature seminar#1 B4 Hiromu Fuse 2017/02/04(Sat) Introduction Novel cross coupling was reported! Highly selective sp 3 C-H functionalization!
More informationInsertion Reactions. 1) 1,1 insertion in which the metal and the X ligand end up bound to the same (1,1) atom
Insertion Reactions xidative addition and substitution allow us to assemble 1e and 2e ligands on the metal, respectively. With insertion, and its reverse reaction, elimination, we can now combine and transform
More informationLecture 6: Transition-Metal Catalysed C-C Bond Formation
Lecture 6: Transition-Metal Catalysed C-C Bond Formation (a) Asymmetric allylic substitution 1 u - d u (b) Asymmetric eck reaction 2 3 Ar- d (0) Ar 2 3 (c) Asymmetric olefin metathesis alladium π-allyl
More informationA. Loupy, B.Tchoubar. Salt Effects in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry
A. Loupy, B.Tchoubar Salt Effects in Organic and Organometallic Chemistry 1 Introduction - Classification of Specific Salt Effects 1 1.1 Specific Salt Effects Involving the Salt's Lewis Acid or Base Character
More informationOxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination 1. Oxidative Addition
Oxidative Addition Oxidative Addition/Reductive Elimination 1 An oxidative addition reaction is one in which (usually) a neutral ligand adds to a metal center and in doing so oxidizes the metal, typically
More informationReactivity within Confined Nano-spaces
Reactivity within Confined Nano-spaces Larry Wolf Group Meeting 11-17-09 Encapsulating Cyclobutadiene hemicarcerand Anslyn, E. V; Dougherty, D. A. Modern Physical Organic Chemistry Cram. D. J. et. al.
More informationOrganometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis
Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis Dr. Alexey Zazybin Lecture N1 Kashiwa Campus, October 9, 2009 What compounds we can call organometallic compounds? Compounds containing direct metal-carbon
More informationPalladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols by Molecular Oxygen: Recent Computational Insights. Presented by Dice
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols by Molecular Oxygen: Recent Computational Insights Presented by Dice OUTLINE Background Palladium Catalyst Systems for aerobic oxidation 1. Pd(OAc) 2 / DMSO Catalyst
More informationModule 6 : General properties of Transition Metal Organometallic Complexes. Lecture 2 : Synthesis and Stability. Objectives
Module 6 : General properties of Transition Metal Organometallic Complexes Lecture 2 : Synthesis and Stability Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Understand the role lead by ligands
More informationThe following molecules are related:
Isolobal Analogy Inclusion of the ligand η-c 5 H 5 - which, as a donor of 3 π-electron pairs formally occupies 3 coordination sites, yields the analogies: The following molecules are related: 1 Isolobal
More informationPHOTOCATALYSIS: FORMATIONS OF RINGS
PHOTOCATALYSIS: FORMATIONS OF RINGS Zachery Matesich 15 April 2014 Roadmap 2 Photoredox Catalysis Cyclizations Reductive Oxidative Redox-neutral Electron Transfer Conclusion http://www.meta-synthesis.com/webbook/11_five/five.html
More informationHYDROGENATION. Concerned with two forms of hydrogenation: heterogeneous (catalyst insoluble) and homogeneous (catalyst soluble)
YDGEATI Concerned with two forms of hydrogenation: heterogeneous (catalyst insoluble) and homogeneous (catalyst soluble) eterogeneous Catalysis Catalyst insoluble in reaction medium eactions take place
More informationChem 634. Introduction to Transition Metal Catalysis. Reading: Heg Ch 1 2 CS-B 7.1, , 11.3 Grossman Ch 6
Chem 634 Introduction to Transition etal Catalysis eading: eg Ch 1 2 CS-B 7.1, 8.2 8.3, 11.3 Grossman Ch 6 Announcements Problem Set 1 due Thurs, 9/24 at beginning of class ffice our: Wed, 10:30-12, 220
More informationOrganometallic Catalysis
Organometallic Catalysis The catalysts we will study are termed homogeneous catalysts as they are dissolved in th e same solvent as the substrate. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysts, such as palladium
More informationOrganometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis
rganometallic hemistry and omogeneous atalysis Dr. Alexey Zazybin Lecture N8 Kashiwa ampus, December 11, 2009 Types of reactions in the coordination sphere of T 3. Reductive elimination X-L n -Y L n +
More informationOrganic Chemistry Laboratory Summer Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July
344 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Summer 2013 Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July 30 2013 Summary of Grignard lecture Organometallic chemistry - the chemistry of compounds
More informationBio-inspired C-H functionalization by metal-oxo complexes
1 Literature Seminar Bio-inspired C-H functionalization by metal-oxo complexes 2016. 7. 23. Nagashima Nozomu 2 C-H functionalization by enzymes Enzymes enable aliphatic C-H functionalization 3 P450 oxidation
More informationReaction Mechanisms - Ligand Substitutions. ML n-x P x + xl
Reaction chanisms - igand Substitutions igand Substitutions 1 A substitution reaction is one in which an existing ligand on a metal center is replaced by another ligand. Exactly how this occurs depends
More informationH Organometallic Catalysis in Industry
H Organometallic Catalysis in Industry Some terminology: Catalytic cycles: a circular path meant to show productive reactions, in order, that lead from the catalytically active species and its reaction
More informationAdditions to Metal-Alkene and -Alkyne Complexes
Additions to tal-alkene and -Alkyne Complexes ecal that alkenes, alkynes and other π-systems can be excellent ligands for transition metals. As a consequence of this binding, the nature of the π-system
More informationCH 611 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Synthesis and Analysis. Exam #3 12/12/2011. Print Name
Print Name Wherever possible give further details of each transformation or catalytic cycle by describing the steric/electronic nature of reagent and/or substrate including bonding schematics to illustrate
More informationMolybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Molybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation X MoL n u u * Tommy Bui 9/14/04 Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation from a Synthetic Viewpoint X X M u u * and/or u form a C-C bond with the creation of a new
More informationChapter 2 The Elementary Steps in TM Catalysis
hapter 2 The Elementary Steps in TM atalysis + + ligand exchange A oxidative addition > n + A B n+2 reductive elimination < B n n+2 oxidative coupling + M' + M' transmetallation migratory insertion > (carbo-,
More informationElementary Organometallic Reactions
Elementary eactions CE 966 (Tunge) Elementary rganometallic eactions All mechanisms are simply a combination of elementary reactions. 1) Coordination -- issociation 2) xidative Addition -- eductive Elimination
More informationTHE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION METALS
THE ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE TRANSITION METALS Second Edition ROBERT H. CRABTREE Yale University New Haven, Connecticut A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York / Chichester /
More informationThe Synthesis of Molecules Containing Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via the Intramolecular Asymmetric Heck Reaction
The Synthesis of Molecules Containing Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via the Intramolecular Asymmetric Heck Reaction Reported by Eric P. Gillis April 19, 2007 INTRODUCTION The enantioselective synthesis
More informationCourse 201N 1 st Semester Inorganic Chemistry Instructor: Jitendra K. Bera
andout-9 ourse 201N 1 st Semester 2006-2007 Inorganic hemistry Instructor: Jitendra K. Bera ontents 3. rganometallic hemistry xidative Addition, Reductive Elimination, Migratory Insertion, Elimination
More informationCarbenes and Carbene Complexes I Introduction
Carbenes and Carbene Complexes I Introduction A very interesting (honest) class of radical-like molecules Steadily becoming more important as they find far more synthetic applications We will primarily
More informationFunctionalization of C(sp 3 ) H Bonds Using a Transient Directing Group
Literature eport Functionalization of C(sp 3 ) Bonds Using a Transient Directing Group eporter: Mu-Wang Chen Checker: Yue Ji Date: 2016-04-05 Yu, J.-Q. et al. Science 2016, 351, 252-256. Scripps esearch
More informationThe Mechanism of Pd-Catalyzed Amination Controversy.. And Conclusion?
The chanism of d-catalyzed Amination Controversy.. And Conclusion? R H R1 R 2 d(dba) 2 BIA, h R R1 R 2 Steve Tymonko SED Group eting 5/9/06 d-catalyzed Amination- Tin Initial Report- Kosugi, 1983 n-bu
More informationChiral Bronsted Acids as Catalysts
Chiral Bronsted Acids as Catalysts Short Literature Seminar 6/3/08 Dustin aup BIL Derived osphoric Acids - First reported in 1992 as a ligand by irrung and coworkers. 4 h 2 irrung Tet. Lett. 1992, 33,
More information1. Determine the oxidation state of the metal centre and count the number of electrons.
Exercise sheet : Organometallic chemistry Gunnar Bachem 1. Determine the oxidation state of the metal centre and count the number of electrons. 2. The metal fragment 1 reacts with the amine to give a carbene
More informationSteric and Electronic Controllers in Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions. Jennifer E. Farrugia October 29, 2003
Steric and Electronic Controllers in Ring-Closing Metathesis Reactions Jennifer E. Farrugia October 29, 2003 Steric and Electronic Controllers How do substrate sterics affect the reactivity/ selectivity
More informationHeidelberg Molecular Modelling Summer School The Challenges of Transition Metal Systems
Heidelberg Molecular Modelling Summer School The Challenges of Transition Metal Systems Dr Rob Deeth Inorganic Computational Chemistry Group University of Warwick UK verview Is molecular modelling of TM
More informationTransition Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage (C-C Activation) Group Meeting Timothy Chang
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage (C-C Activation) Group Meeting 01-15-2008 Timothy Chang Outlines - Fundamental considerations, C-H versus C-C activation - Orbital interactions -
More informationScission of Dinitrogen by a Molybdenum(III) Xylidene Complex. CHM 5.33 Fall 2005
Scission of Dinitrogen by a Molybdenum(III) Xylidene Complex CHM 5.33 Fall 2005 Introduction The experiment is based on research performed in the laboratory of Professor Cummins during the early 90 s.
More informationCHEM Lecture 7
CEM 494 Special Topics in Chemistry Illinois at Chicago CEM 494 - Lecture 7 Prof. Duncan Wardrop ctober 22, 2012 CEM 494 Special Topics in Chemistry Illinois at Chicago Preparation of Alkenes Elimination
More informationSome Hartwig Chemistry Experimental Approaches and Detailed Mechanistic Analysis
Some artwig Chemistry Experimental Approaches and Detailed chanistic Analysis b. 1964 1986 A.B. Princeton U, Maitland Jones 1990.D. UC Berkeley, obert Bergman and ichard Anderson 1990-92 Post-doc, MIT,
More informationAnti-Markovnikov Olefin Functionalization
Anti-Markovnikov Olefin Functionalization ~Prof. Robert H. Grubbs Work~ 4 th Literature Seminar July 5, 2014 Soichi Ito (D1) Contents 1. Introduction Flow of Prof. Grubbs Research Markovnikov s Rule Wacker
More informationO CH 3. Mn CH 3 OC C. 16eelimination
igratory Insertion igratory Insertion/Elimination 1 A migratory insertion reaction is when a cisoidal anionic and neutral ligand on a metal complex couple together to generate a new coordinated anionic
More informationCH 3 TMG, DMF N H 3 CO 2 S. (PPh 3 ) 2 Pd 0
1. (a) rovide a reasonable mechanism for the following transformation. I S 2 C 3 C 3 ( 3 ) 2 2, CuI C 3 TMG, DMF 3 C 2 S TMG = Me 2 Me 2 ICu ( 3 ) 2 0 I S 2 C 3 S 2 C 3 Cu I 3 3 3 C 2 S I 3 3 3 C 2 S 3
More informationLoudon Chapter 18 Review: Vinyl/Aryl Reactivity Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 2/21/2016
Chapter 18 covers leaving groups that are directly attached to double-bonded sp 2 carbons. These molecules don t do most of the regular alkyl halide chemistry from Ch. 9 (S N1/ S N2/E1), but they can do
More informationReversible Interaction between Substrate and Ligand
Reversible Interaction between Substrate and Ligand 2010.6.9.YoheiShimizu(D3) is is is Ser 271 P Lys 229-2 3 P Zn 2+ Tyr P 3 2- + 3 Lys 107 P 3 2- class 1 aldolase class 2 aldolase Glu 185 Asp 211 C 2
More informationσ Bonded ligands: Transition Metal Alkyls and Hydrides
σ Bonded ligands: Transition Metal Alkyls and Hydrides Simplest of organo-transitionmetal species Rare until and understanding of their stability in the 60 s and 70 s Metal alkyls can be considered as
More informationChiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis Aryl Aryl Aryl Aryl S CF 3 2 P Fe CF 3 CF 3 2 Jack Liu ov. 16, 2004 CF 3 Introduction Chiral Brønsted acid catalysis in nature: enzymes and peptides Chiral Brønsted acid
More informationStable gold(iii) catalysts by oxidative addition of a carboncarbon
Stable gold(iii) catalysts by oxidative addition of a carboncarbon bond Chung-Yeh Wu, Takahiro oribe, Christian Borch Jacobsen & F. Dean Toste ature, 517, 449-454 (2015) presented by Ian Crouch Literature
More informationFunctionalization of terminal olefins via H migratory insertion /reductive elimination sequence Hydrogenation
M.C. White, Chem 153 verview -282- Week of ovember 11, 2002 Functionalization of terminal olefins via migratory insertion /reductive elimination sequence ydrogenation ML n E ydrosilylation Si 3 Si 3 ML
More informationRecapping where we are so far
Recapping where we are so far Valence bond constructions, valence, valence electron counting, formal charges, etc Equivalent neutral classification and MLX plots Basic concepts for mechanism and kinetics
More informationsp 3 C-H insertion by α-oxo Gold Carbene B4 Kei Ito
1 sp 3 C-H insertion by α-oxo Gold Carbene B4 Kei Ito 2016. 1. 30 1. Introduction 2 About Carbene 3 Brief history of carbene (~2000) Carbene Neutral compounds featuring a divalent carbon atom with only
More informationsp 3 C-H Alkylation with Olefins Yan Xu Dec. 3, 2014
sp 3 C-H Alkylation with Olefins, Yan Xu Dec. 3, 2014 1) sp 3 C-H Alkylation via Directed C-H activation 2) Hydroaminoalkylation (still via C-H activation) 3) Hydrohydroxyalkylation (via radical chemistry)
More informationOlefin Metathesis ROMP. L n Ru= ROMP n RCM. dilute
lefin Metathesis MP: ing-opening metathesis polymerization Thermodynamically favored for 3,4, 8, larger ring systems Bridging groups (bicyclic olefins) make ΔG polymerization more favorable as a result
More informationEPIC LIGAND SURVEY: METAL ALKYLS - I
EPIC LIGAND SURVEY: METAL ALKYLS - I With this post we finally reach the defining ligands of organometallic chemistry, alkyls. Metal alkyls feature a metal-carbon σ bond and are usually actor ligands,
More informationReductive Elimination from High-Valent Palladium. Kazunori Nagao MacMillan Group Meeting
Reductive Elimination from igh-valent Palladium Kazunori agao MacMillan Group eting Why do people focus on rging with C activation Facile reductive elimination DG C palladacycle oxidant complex C etero
More informationZr-Catalyzed Carbometallation
-Catalyzed Carbometallation C C C C ML n C C ML n ML n C C C C ML n ML n C C ML n Wipf Group esearch Topic Seminar Juan Arredondo November 13, 2004 Juan Arredondo @ Wipf Group 1 11/14/2004 Carbometallation
More informationA Brief Survey on Synthesis and Catalytic Reactivity of Metal-Metal Bond Complexes
A ief Survey on Synthesis and Catalytic Reactivity of tal-tal Bond Complexes Chi Chip Le MacMillan Research Group Group eting Presentation April 6th, 2017 Synthesis and Catalytic Reactivity of tal-tal
More informationChapter 21 Coordination chemistry: reactions of complexes
CHEM 511 chapter 21 page 1 of 7 Chapter 21 Coordination chemistry: reactions of complexes Reactions of Complexes Typically measure ligand substitution reactions in solution (usually water) Lability and
More informationOxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination
xidative Addition and Reductive Elimination red elim coord 2 ox add ins Peter.. Budzelaar xidative Addition Basic reaction: n + X Y n X Y The new -X and -Y bonds are formed using: the electron pair of
More information14-1 Reactions Involving Gain or Loss of Ligands Reactions Involving Modification of Ligands
Organometallic Reaction and Catalysis 14-1 Reactions Involving Gain or Loss of Ligands 14-2 Reactions Involving Modification of Ligands 14-3 Organometallic Catalysts 14-4 Heterogeneous Catalysts Inorganic
More informationWilkinson s other (ruthenium) catalyst
Wilkinson s other (ruthenium) catalyst Cl 3 ; 2 h 3, reflux 3h h 3 Cl h 3 h Cl 3 Good catalyst especially for 2 1-alkenes 2, base toluene Cl h 3 h 3 h 3 Et 3 Cl h 3 Cl h 3 h 3 R h 3 h 3 Cl h 3 R RC 2 C
More informationBasic Organometallic Chemistry : Concepts, Syntheses, and Applications of Transition Metals. Table Of Contents: Foreword
Basic Organometallic Chemistry : Concepts, Syntheses, and Applications of Transition Metals Table Of Contents: Foreword v Preface vii List of abbreviations ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 (15) 1.1 What is
More informationElectrophilic Carbenes
Electrophilic Carbenes The reaction of so-called stabilized diazo compounds with late transition metals produces a metal carbene intermediate that is electrophilic. The most common catalysts are Cu(I)
More informationStreamlining Reaction Discovery and Development Through Kinetic Analysis
Streamlining Reaction Discovery and Development Through Kinetic Analysis R 3 Si X Ni(0) Ligand R 3 Si X [Substrate] 0 0 Time J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5728 Professor Ryan D. Baxter utline: Direct Comparison
More informationChemistry 610: Organic Reactions Fall 2017
Instructor Prof. David Powers Office: Chemistry 320 Phone: 979.862.3089 E-mail: david.powers@chem.tamu.edu Learning Outcomes Chemistry 610: Organic Reactions Fall 2017 Tuesday and Thursday 2:20 3:35 PM
More informationShi Asymmetric Epoxidation
Shi Asymmetric Epoxidation Chiral dioxirane strategy: R 3 + 1 xone, ph 10.5, K 2 C 3, H 2, C R 3 formed in situ catalyst (10-20 mol%) is prepared from D-fructose, and its enantiomer from L-sorbose oxone,
More informationCatalytic alkylation of remote C H bonds enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer
Catalytic alkylation of remote C bonds enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer Reporter: Ji Zhou Checker: Shubo u Date: 2016/11/14 Choi, G. J.; Zhu, Q.-L.; Miller, D. C.; Gu, C. J.; Knowles, R. R.
More informationThe aza-baylis-hillman Reaction: Mechanism, Asymmetric Catalysis, & Abnormal Adducts. Larry Wolf SED Group Meeting
The aza-baylis-hillman Reaction: Mechanism, Asymmetric Catalysis, & Abnormal Adducts Larry Wolf SED Group Meeting 04-10-07 Outline Brief historical account and Utility Mechanism Different methods for asymmetric
More informationOrganometallic Rections 1: Reactions at the Metal
E Organometallic Rections 1: Reactions at the Metal Three major classes of reactions: 1 Ligand Substitution associative (cf. S N 2) dissociative (cf. S N 1) interchange (not dealt with in this course)
More informationLigand Effects in Nickel Catalysis. Anthony S. Grillo Chem 535 Seminar October 22, 2012
Ligand in Nickel Catalysis Anthony S. Grillo Chem 535 Seminar October 22, 2012 Transition Metals in Chemistry Organotransition Metal Chemistry, Hartwig, J. F. University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA,
More informationMetalloporphyrin. ~as efficient Lewis acid catalysts with a unique reaction-field~ and. ~Synthetic study toward complex metalloporphyrins~
Metalloporphyrin ~as efficient Lewis acid catalysts with a unique reaction-field~ and ~Synthetic study toward complex metalloporphyrins~ Literature Seminar Kenta Saito (D1) 1 Topics Chapter 1 ~as efficient
More informationChapter 14. Principles of Catalysis
Organometallics Study Meeting 2011/08/28 Kimura Chapter 14. Principles of Catalysis 14. 1. General Principles 14.1.1. Definition of a Catalyst 14.1.2. Energetics of Catalysis 14.1.3. Reaction Coordinate
More informationHighly Efficient, Convergent, and Enantioselective Synthesis of Phthioceranic Acid
Highly Efficient, Convergent, and Enantioselective Synthesis of Phthioceranic Acid Shiqing Xu, Akimichi Oda, Thomas Bobinski, Haijun Li, Yohei Matsueda, and Ei-ichi Negishi Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015,
More informationSigma Bond Metathesis
Sigma Bond Metathesis eporter: Changliang Sun Supervisor: Zhangjie Shi Outline Introduction Mechanism Examples and Applications Summary and Outlook Acknowledgements 2007.10.12 OPSS 2 Introduction The Nobel
More informationAdvanced Organic Chemistry
D. A. Evans, G. Lalic Chem 530A Chemistry 530A Advanced Organic Chemistry Lecture notes part 8 Carbanions Organolithium and Grignard reagents Organocopper reagents 1. Direct metalation 2. From radical
More informationCHEM 203. Topics Discussed on Oct. 16
EM 203 Topics Discussed on Oct. 16 ydrogenation (= saturation) of olefins in the presence of finely divided transition metal catalysts (Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru...): generic alkene R 1 finely divided Pd (or
More informationEnantioselective Borylations. David Kornfilt Denmark Group Meeting Sept. 14 th 2010
Enantioselective Borylations David Kornfilt Denmark Group Meeting Sept. 14 th 2010 30.000-foot View Enantioenriched Organoboranes What to do with them Crudden C. M. et. al., Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 46
More informationHydrides and Dihydrogen as Ligands: Lessons from Organometallic Chemistry. Lecture 9
ydrides and Dihydrogen as Ligands: Lessons from Organometallic Chemistry Lecture 9 Inorganic Chemistry Chapter 1: Figure 10.1 2009 W.. Freeman Synthesis of Organometallic Complex ydrides Reaction of MCO
More informationDirect Oxidative Heck Cyclizations: Intramolecular Fujiwara-Moritani Arylations for the Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofurans and Dihydrobenzofurans
Direct xidative eck Cyclizations: Intramolecular Fujiwara-Moritani Arylations for the Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofurans and Dihydrobenzofurans by Zhang,.; Ferreira, E. M.; Stoltz, B. M. Angewandte
More informationAsymmetric Catalysis by Lewis Acids and Amines
Asymmetric Catalysis by Lewis Acids and Amines Asymmetric Lewis acid catalysis - Chiral (bisooxazoline) copper (II) complexes - Monodentate Lewis acids: the formyl -bond Amine catalysed reactions Asymmetric
More informationLigand Substitution Reactivity of Coordinated Ligands
Reactivity of Coordinated Ligands 2 C 2 H 4 (0) + H + + + 2 2 e (Cu 2 Cu) H CH 3 CH H "βh elim" ins βh elim H Peter H.M. Budzelaar Why care about substitution? Basic premise about metalcatalyzed reactions:
More informationAn Overview of Organic Reactions. Reaction types: Classification by outcome Most reactions produce changes in the functional group of the reactants:
An Overview of Organic Reactions Reaction types: Classification by outcome Most reactions produce changes in the functional group of the reactants: 1. Addition (forward) Gain of atoms across a bond Example:
More information