Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of Unactivated Linear 1,3-Dienes

Transcription

1 Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of Unactivated Linear 1,3-Dienes Rakesh K. Sharma and T. V. RajanBabu* Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18 th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA SUPPORTING INFORMATION Table of Contents Table of Contents General Methods Typical procedure for the synthesis of cobalt complexes Typical procedure for Co-catalyzed asymmetric hydrovinylation Spectroscopic and chromatographic data of HV products Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1a (dppb)cocl 2 ( 10 o C) (dppm)cocl 2 ( 20 o C) (dppp)cocl 2 ( 20 o C) (dppp)cocl 2 (23 o C) ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) (+)-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) ( )-(BDPP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1b ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1c ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1d ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1e (dppb)cocl 2, ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Chromatograms: HV of 1e (+)-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 45 o C) Chromatograms showing relative rates of (E)- and (Z)- 1,3-pentadienes Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1f (DPPB)CoCl 2 (0 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1f ( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 20 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 1f (+)-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ( 20 o C) Page S1 S2 S3 S3 S4 S13 S20 S24 S28 S61 S69 S70 S72 S76 S82 S88 S94 S95 S97 S105 S106 S1

2 Spectra: HV of 6 (DPPB)CoCl 2 (0 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 8 (dppm)cocl 2 ( 20 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 8 (dppp)cocl 2 ( 10 o C) Spectra and chromatograms: HV of 11 (dppp)cocl 2 ( 10 o C) Spectra and chromatograms (Derivatives): HV of 11 ( )(BDPP)CoCl 2 ( 10 o C) Chromatogram: HV of 4-Methylstyrene (DPPP)CoCl 2, ( )-(DIOP) CoCl 2 S107 S112 S113 S122 S126 S129 General Methods. Reactions requiring air sensitive manipulations were conducted under an inert atmosphere of argon or nitrogen by using Schlenk techniques or a Vacuum Atmospheres glovebox. All cobalt-catalyzed reactions were run under an argon atmosphere. All chemicals obtained from commercial sources were used as received unless otherwise mentioned. All dienes were prepared via Wittig reaction of the corresponding aldehydes with the Witting reagent generated from methyl triphenylphosphonium bromide and n-buli in THF. Ethylene (99.5%) was purchased from Matheson Inc., and passed over Drierite before use. Tetrahydrofuran and diethyl ether were distilled under nitrogen over sodium/benzophenone. Dichloromethane and toluene were purified by distillation from calcium hydride, and subsequently storing over molecular sieve. Analytical thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using Merck 60 F 254 precoated silica gel plate (0.2 mm thickness). Flash column chromatography was carried out on silica gel 40 (Scientific Adsorbents Incorporated, Microns Flash). Columns were typically packed as slurry and equilibrated with the appropriate solvent system prior to use. Gas chromatographic analyses were performed on a GC equipped with a polydimethylsiloxane capillary column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 1.0 µm film thickness) and an FID detector connected to an electronic integrator. Enantiomeric excess of chiral compounds were determined by chiral stationary phase gas chromatography (CSP GC) using a Cyclodex-B column (25 m x 0.25 mm, 0.12 mm film thickness) purchased from Chrompack, using helium as the carrier gas. Chromatograms of both racemic mixture and individual enriched isomers (in several cases both enantiomers) were recorded. Optical rotations were recorded on a Rudolph Research Analytical AUTOPOL VI polarimeter in the solvents mentioned. Unless otherwise mentioned, the measurements were done on a filtered (45 micron filter) solution at the sodium line at room temperature. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded either on a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz for 1 H and 125 MHz for 13 C, or a machine operating at 400 MHz for 1 H and MHz for 31 P. Proton chemical shifts were internally referenced to the residual solvent proton resonance (e.g., CHCl 3 at δ 7.26). In several instances where there is a a minor deviation, position of a reference peak is included in the data to facilitate assignments. Coupling constants are reported in Hz. Phosphorous ( 31 P NMR) are reported as δ in units of parts per million (ppm) relative to external H 3 PO 4 (δ 0.0). Elemental analyses (C and H) were performed by Atlantic Microlab, Georgia. Literature methods were used for preparation of complexes Co(dppm)Cl 2 1 and Co(dppp)Cl 2 1. For Co(dppb)Cl 2, [(RR)-( )(DIOP)CoCl 2 ], [(SS)-(+)-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ] and [(SS)-( )-(BDPP)CoCl 2 ] modified procedures (see below) were used. S2

3 Typical modified procedure for synthesis of cobalt complexes: A 25-mL dry round bottom flask loaded with anhydrous CoCl 2 (10.9 mg, mmol) was charged with THF (5 ml). On stirring at room temperature for 15 min, a clear deep blue solution formed. A solution of (RR)- DIOP (41.8 mg, mmol) in dry and degassed ether (5 ml) was added dropwise to yield a blue turbid solution. After stirring at room temperature for 6 h, 20 ml deoxygenated hexane was added in one portion to get a blue solid. The resulting solid was washed with diethyl ether and hexane (1:1) mixture (3 X 5 ml) to remove any unreacted DIOP. Further purification was accomplished by crystallization of the Co(II)-complex from a saturated CHCl 3 solution by slow vapor diffusion of pentane at room temperature. (4R,5R)-(-)-O-Isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-butane dichloro cobalt(ii): ( )-[(RR)-( )-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ]: Yield 94%. Elemental analysis Ph calculated for C 31 H 32 Cl 2 CoO 2 P 2 : C, 59.25; H, Found: C, 56.60; H, O O P Co P Ph Cl Cl Ph [α] (CHCl 3, c 1.25) = 93.7 Ph The structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a recrystallized sample (See the attached CIF). O O Ph Ph P Cl Co P Cl Ph Ph (4S,5S)-(+)-O-Isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)- butane dichloro cobalt(ii): (+)-[(SS)-(+)-(DIOP)CoCl 2 ] ; Yield 92%. Elemental analysis calculated for C 31 H 32 Cl 2 CoO 2 P 2 : C, 59.25; H, Found C, 57.05, H, [α] (CHCl 3, c 1.25) = Me Me Ph Ph P Cl Co P Cl Ph Ph (2S,4S)-(-)-2,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-pentane dichloro cobalt(ii): (+)-[(SS)-( )- (BDPP)CoCl 2 ]: Yield 96%. Elemental analysis calculated for C 29 H 30 Cl 2 CoP 2 : C, 61.07; H, Found C, 60.69; H, [α] (CHCl 3, c 1.00) = ; [α] (CHCl 3, c 1.00) = ; [α] (CHCl 3, c 1.00) = The structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a recrystallized sample (See the attached CIF). Typical Procedure for Co-catalyzed asymmetric hydrovinylation. To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 (12.6 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (2.0 ml) and toluene (0.5 ml), at 0 o C. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (4.3 mg, 30 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from deep blue to red-brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared (typically in 5-10 min depending on complex), the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically 3-5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to 45 o C and (3E)-nona-1,3-diene (50.0 mg, mmol) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.1 S3

4 ml of methanol was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with pentane (3 X 10 ml). Concentration and removal of last traces of solvent yielded the product as a colorless oil (58.2 mg, 95%). Analysis by GC and NMR showed that the product was essentially pure. Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy (See attached chromatograms and Spectra). In initial exploratory studies combinations of the following phosphines and Lewis acids were examined in prototypical Co(II)-catalyzed hydrovinylation reactions. The best results obtained are reported in Tables 1-3. Phosphines: Ph 2 P-PPh 2 PPh 2 PPh 2 PEt 2 PPh 2 PPh 2 PEt 2 PPh 2 O O PPh 2 PPh 2 O O PPh 2 PPh 2 P P PPh 2 PPh 2 PPh 2 (R)-PROPHOS (RSSR)-DIOP (SSSS)-DIOP (RR)-DUPHOS (R)-BINAP Lewis Acids: Et 2 AlOEt, Me 3 B, Ph 3 B, DIBAL-H, LiEt 3 BH, Zn/ZnI 2 Hydrovinylation of (E)-nona-1,3-diene (1a) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at -10 o C (Entry 1, Table 2), or using [DIOP]CoCl 2 at - 45 o C (Entry 1, Table 3) (Z)-4-Vinylnon-2-ene (2a): 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H, H 9 ), (m, 7 H), (m, 1 H) total 8 H, (dd, J = 6.5 H 11 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 H, H 1 ), (m, 1 H, H 4 ), (ddd, J = 10 Hz, 1.5 Hz, H 10 H 12 CH Hz, 1 H, H 11 ), (ddd, J = 17.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 1 H, H 12 3 ), CH (ddq, 10 Hz, 10 Hz, 1.5 Hz, H 3 ), (dq, 10.5 Hz, 6.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 9 3 H 2 H 4 H 5 H H 2 ), (ddd, 17 Hz, 10 Hz, 7 Hz, 1H, H 10 H ). Assignments and 5 3 coupling confirmed by COSY and NOESY (CH 1 3 > H 4 ). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 13.02, , 26.79, 31.90, 35.24, 41.26, , , , The peak at δ (due to the vinyl methyl carbon is at a higher field compared to the corresponding peak in the (E)-isomer 3a, which appears at δ 17.96, see below). For assignment of Z vs E-geometry of alkenes via 13 C NMR, see ref. 2. IR (neat cm 1 ): 3079 (w), 3111 (m), 2959 (s), 2927 (s), 2858 (s), 1636 (m), 992 (w), 909 (m), 724 (m)- 724 cm 1 is characteristic of a (Z)-alkene. Absence of peaks ~ cm 1 indicates absence of the (E)-isomer, 3a. ESI-MS; m/z [M+K]; mass calculated for C 11 H 20 K, Product from (RR)-(-)-DIOP [α] 25 D = 20.9 (hexane, c 1.15) S4

5 Gas Chromatography: (Polymethyldisiloxane): 80 o C R T 2a: min.; 3a: 21.93min.; 4a min.; At 75 o C: 2a: min, 5a min. CSP GC (Cyclodex B) 60 o C 2a: R T = min. (S), (R); 5a min. Hydrovinylation products of (E)-nona-1,3-diene (1a) using [dppp]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at room temperature (Entry 5, Table 1) To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added [dppp]cocl 2 (10.9 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (2.0 ml) and toluene (0.5 ml), at 0 o C. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (4.3 mg, mmol, 30 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution quickly changed from deep blue to brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. When this evolution stopped, (3E)-nona-1,3- diene (50.0 mg, mmol) was added under ethylene and ice bath was removed, this mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.1 ml of methanol was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with pentane (3 X 10 ml). Concentration and removal of last traces of solvent yielded the product as a colorless oil (59.0 mg; 96%). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. CH 9 3 H 11 H 12 H 4 H 5 H 5 H 10 H 2 H 3 CH 1 3 (E)-4-vinylnon-2-ene (3a): 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ (m, 3 H, H 9 ), (m, H 5, H 6, H 7, H 8 ), (dd, J = 6 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 3 H, H 1 ), (pent, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H, H 4 ), (dm, J = 10 Hz, 1 H, H 11 ), (dm, J = 17.5 Hz, 1 H, H 12 ), (m, 2H, H 2, H 3 ), (ddd, J = 17.5, 10, 7.5 Hz, 1 H, H 10 ). Chemical shifts and coupling constants assigned by COSY and double irradiation experiments (See attached spectra). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 14.07, (vinyl Me), 22.63, 26.84, 31.88, 34.86, 46.88, , , , The peak at δ (due to vinyl methyl carbon is at a lower field compared to the corresponding peak in the (Z)-isomer 2a, which appears at δ 17.07, see under 2a, the previous compound.) IR {(cm 1, neat), from a mixture of 3a and 4a, [Entry 5, Table 1]} 3080 (w), 3111 (m), 2961 (s), 2927 (s), 2858 (s), 1637 (m), 993 (w), 968 (m), 911 (m), 968 (due to E-alkene); 725 cm- 1 which is characteristic of (Z)-alkene is very weak (see attached IR spectrum). Gas chromatography: (polydimethylsiloxane column) : see under 2a. CH 11 (E)-3-methyldeca-1,4-diene (4a). 1 3 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): H 5 H 1t (m, 3 H, H 10 ), (d. J = 6.5 Hz, 1 H, H 11 ), (m, H 7, H 10 H 1c 3 C H 8, H 9 ), (ddd, J = 6.5, 6.5, 6.5 Hz, 2 H, H 6 ), (ddq, J = H 6 H 6 H 4 H 3 H 2 6.0, 6.0, 6.0 Hz, H 3 ), (dm, J = 10 Hz, 1H, H 1c ), (dm, J = 17.5 Hz, 1 H, H 1t ), (dd, J = 15.5, 6.5 Hz, 1 H, H 4 ), (dt, J = 15.5, 6.5, 1 H, H 5 ), S5

6 5.791 (ddd, J = 17, 10.5, 6.5 Hz, 1 H, H 2 ). Chemical shifts and coupling constants assigned by COSY and double irradiation experiments. 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 14.04, 20.00, 22.54, 29.23, 31.41, 32.55, 40.31, , , , Gas chromatography: (polydimethylsiloxane column) : see under 2a. Hydrovinylation (E)-deca-1,3-diene (1b) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C (Entry 2, Table 2), or using (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 at 45 o C (Entry 4, Table 3) 10 3 HC (Z)-4-vinyldec-2-ene (2b): 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H, H 10 ), (m, 9 H), (m, 1 H), total 10 H, (dd, J = 7, 2 Hz, 3 H, H 1 ), (m, 1 H, H 4 ), (dm, J = 10 Hz, H 12 ), (ddd, J = 17.5 Hz, m, 1 H, H 13 ), (app t m, 10.5 Hz, H 3 ), (dqm, 11.5 Hz, 6.5 Hz, 1 Hz, H 2 ), (ddd, 17 Hz, 10 Hz, 7 Hz, 1H, H 11 ). δ 2.364]. Also seen: (t, J = 6.5 Hz) Δδ up-field from C sp3 -CH (δ 3.027) ~ 2% (bis-allylic CH 2 of 5b?). 13 C (CDCl 3 ) 13.01, 14.07, 22.66, 27.10, , 35.30, 41.26, , , , Mass spectrum: m/z = (calculated for [M+H] +, M= C 12 H ) Product from (RR)-( )-DIOP [α] 25 D = 18.6 (hexane, c 1.25) Gas chromatography: (Polydimethylsiloxane) conditions: 90 o C isotherm, retention time (min): R T = CSP GC (Cyclodex-Β) conditions: 60 o C isotherm, R T = min. (S, 97.7%), (R, 2.3%). Hydrovinylation (E)-undeca-1,3-diene (1c) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C (Entry 3, Table 2), or using (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 at - 45 o C (Entry 5, Table 3) 11 3 HC H 13 H 12 H 4 H 5 H 5 H 14 (Z)-4-vinylundec-2-ene (2c): 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H, H 11 ), (m, 11 H), (m, 1 H), total 12 H, (dd, J = 7, 2 Hz, 3 H, H 1 ), (m, 1 H, H 4 ), (dm, J = 10 Hz, H 13 ), (ddd, J = 17.5 Hz, m, 1 H, H 14 ), (app t m, 9 Hz, H 3 ), (dqm, 11.5 Hz, 7 Hz, 1 Hz, H 2 ), (ddd, 17 Hz, 10 Hz, 7 Hz, 1H, H 12 ). Also seen: (t, J = 6.5 Hz) Δδ up-field from C sp3 -CH (δ 3.021) ~ 2% ( CH 2 from 5c?); (d m, J = 5 Hz, Δδ down field from C sp2 -CH 3 (δ 1.623) (CH 3 from an (E)- isomer 3c?) (< 1%). 13 C (CDCl 3 ) 13.02, 14.08, 22.67, 27.14, 29.30, 29.65, 31.89, 35.29, 41.26, , , , H 11 CH 1 3 H 3 H 13 H 4 H 5 H 5 H 2 H 12 CH 1 3 H 3 H 2 ESI-MS; m/z = [M+Na]; mass calculated for C 13 H 24 Na, 203.1). S6

7 Product from (RR)-(-)-DIOP: [α] 25 D = 13.9 (hexane, c 1.5) Gas chromatography: (Polydimethylsiloxane) R T = min (110 o C); CSP GC (Cyclodex-B) conditions: 30 min at 60 o C, 0.7 o C/min, 20 min at 85 o C, R T = min. (S, 97.7%), min. (R, 2.3%). Hydrovinylation (E)-dodeca-1,3-diene (1d) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C (Entry 4, Table 2), or using (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 at 45 o C (Entry 6, Table 3) HC H 15 (Z)-4-vinylundec-2-ene (2d): 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ (t, J = 7 Hz, 3 H, H 12 ), (m, 13 H), ( m, 1 H), (dd, J = 7, 2 Hz, 3 H, H 1 ), (m, 1 H, H 4 ), (dm, J = 10 Hz, H 14 ), (ddd, J = 17 Hz, m, 1 H, H 15 ), (app t m, 10 Hz, H 3 ), (dqm, 12 Hz, 7 Hz, 1 Hz, H 2 ), (ddd, 17 Hz, 10 Hz, 7 Hz, 1H, H 12 ). [toluene δ 2.382]. Also seen: (pent, J = 6.5 Hz) Δδ up-field from C sp3 -CH (δ 3.017) ~ 2% (CH from (E)-isomer 3d?); (d m, J = 6.5 Hz, Δδ down field from C sp2 -CH 3 (δ 1.621) (CH 3 from (E)-isomer 3d?) 13 C (CDCl 3 ) 13.02, 14.09, 22.67, 27.13, 29.32, 29.59, 29.68, 31.90, 35.29, 41.26, , , , H 14 H 4 H 5 H 5 H 13 CH 1 3 H 3 H 2 ESI-MS; m/z = [M+Na]; exact mass calculated for C 14 H 26 Na, Product from (RR)-(-)-DIOP: [α] 25 D = 14.8 (hexane, c 1.45) Gas Chromatography: (methyl silicone) conditions: 130 o C isotherm, retention time (min): R T =: CSP GC (Cyclodex-B) conditions: 30 min at 65 o C, 0.2 o C/min, 20 min at 80 o C, R T = min (S, 99.1%), (R, 0.9%) Hydrovinylation of (E)-1,3-pentadiene (1e) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C (Entry 5, Table 2), or using (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 at - 45 o C (Entry 7, Table 3). Hydrovinylation of (E)-1,3-Pentadiene (1e) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added [dppb]cocl 2 (20.4 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (2.0 ml) and toluene (0.5 ml), at room temperature. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (7.9 mg, 55 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from deep blue to brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically within 5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to 10 o C and (E)-1,3-pentadiene (50.0 mg, 73 µl, mmol) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.1 ml of water was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with pentane (3 X 10 ml) (sample used for GC analysis). Pentane was removed under S7

8 vacuum in acetonitrile bath (-20 o C). Concentration yielded the product as a colorless oil (product + toluene; 501 mg). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy (see attached chromatograms and spectra). Hydrovinylation of (E)-1,3-pentadiene (1e) using (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 /Me 3 Al at 45 o C. To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added (RR)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 (138.3 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (6.0 ml) and toluene (1.5 ml), at 0 o C. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (47.6 mg, 330 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from deep blue to red-brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically within 3-5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to 45 o C and (E)-1,3-pentadiene (300.0 mg, 440 µl, mmol, E:Z = 99:1) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.2 ml of water was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with pentane (3 X 20 ml) (sample used for GC analysis). Pentane was removed using cold bath (-20 o C). Product was distilled bulb to bulb at room temperature as a colorless oil (product + toluene; 668 mg). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy (see attached chromatograms and spectra). δ (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): (d, 7 Hz, 3 H), (dd, 6.5, 1.5, Hz, 1 H), CH 3 (m, 1 H), (ddd, 10, 1.5, 1.5, 1 H), (ddd, 17, 1.5, 1.5, 1 H), (ddq, 10, 10, 1.5 Hz, 1 H), (ddq, 10, 1, 6, 1 H), (ddd, 17.5, 11.0, 6.5, 1 H), δ 2.183] In addition, the following minor peaks are seen in the 1 H NMR: a doublet at δ ppm up-field from the C sp3 -CH 3 ; a triplet of multiplet at δ upfield from the bis-allylic CH at δ These minor peak correspond to isomeric byproduct(s), most likely 3e. 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 12.85, 20.42, 35.20, , , , Isomeric purity by GC (Polydimethylsiloxane): 2e (R T = 6.64 min.) 96.8%; impurities: ΔR T (retention time difference from the major peak): min, 1.8%; min, 1.3%. CSP GC (Cyclodex-B, 28 o C ): R T = 7.36 min (R), 7.47 min (S). (E)-1,3-pentadiene R T = 3.20 min., (Z)-1,3-pentadiene R T = 3.47 min. The product from (dppb)cocl 2 (Entry 5, Table 2) reaction has, the following signals in addition to the ones due to the major product: a CH 3 (?)-doublet (J = 7 Hz) δ down-field from the C sp3 -CH 3 ; a CH 3 doublet of multiplet (J = 5 Hz, 3 H) at δ down-field from the major C sp2 - CH 3 signal; a CH or CH 2 a multiplet δ up-field from the bis-allylic CH proton. These S8

9 peaks correspond to isomeric byproduct as determined by GC (see GC traces: isomeric purity of major product determined by GC 94.5%) Product 2e from hydrovinylation using [(RR)-(-)-DIOP]CoCl 2 at 45 o C: [α] 24 D = 25.6 (toluene, c 11.4); lit. 3 [α] 20 D (CH 2 Cl 2, c 10); 34.8 for 2e of %ee 37% (S); Because of the volatility of the product, there is some uncertainty in these optical rotation measurements. However, the enantioselectivity measured by CSP GC (Cyclodex-B, 28 o C ) is unambiguous (see the attached chromatograms). Enantioselectivity determined by CSP GC: 90.1 % ee (S) Product 2e from hydrovinylation using [(SS)-(+)-DIOP]CoCl 2 at 45 o C: [α] 24 D = (toluene, c 0.39). Enantioselectivity determined by CSP GC (Cyclodex-B, 28 o C ): 89.1 % ee (R). Hydrovinylation of 1,3-pentadiene (E and Z mixture) using [DIOP]CoCl 2 /Me 3 Al at 60 o C The reaction vessel was conducted at 60 o C to permit isolation of unreacted starting material using 1,3-pentadiene {E:Z ratio 66:34, by GC [(Cyclodex-B, 28 o C, R T = 3.13 min (E); 3.36 (Z)] and 1 H NMR}. A product sample was used for GC analysis which showed the E:Z ratio as 53:47 by GC and NMR. The (E)-diene reacts faster under these conditions. Hydrovinylation of (E)-6-benzyloxy-1,3-hexadiene (1f) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at -0 o C (Entry 6, Table 2), or using (RR)- or (SS)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 at - 25 o C (Entries 9 and 10, Table 3). 1 H H NMR (CDCl 3, 500 MHz): (dd, J = 7, 1.5 Hz, 3 H), (m, O 1 H), (m, 1 H), (m, 1 H), (ddm, 10, 7, 2 H), (s, 2 H), (dm, J = 10 Hz, 1 H), (dm, J = 17 Hz, 1 H), (app t m, 10 Hz, 1 H), (dqm, 11, 7 Hz,1 H), (ddd, J = 17, 10, 7, 1 H), (m, aromatic). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3, 500 MHz): 13.06, 35.00, 37.92, 68.27, 73.04, , , , , , , , ; Mass: [M + Na] +. ESI-MS; m/z [M+Na]; mass calculated for C 15 H 20 NaO, Product 2f from [(RR)-( )-DIOP]CoCl 2 : [α] 23 D = (hexane c 2.08); Product 2f from [(SS)- (+)-DIOP]CoCl 2 : [α] 23 D = + 8.9(hexane, c 1.34); Gas chromatography: R t (Polydimethylsiloxane, 150 o C): min.; starting material R T = min.; (CSPGC, Cyclodex B, 110 o C/40 min/114 o C/30 min, rate 0.2 o C/min./20 min at 115 o C): R T = min. (S) and min. From (RR)-DIOPCoCl 2 : 99.1 % ee (S) From (SS)-[DIOP]CoCl 2 : 96.0 % ee (R) Hydrovinylation of β-myrcene (6) using [dppb]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 0 o C, (Table 2, entry 7). To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added [dppb]cocl 2 (40.6 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (4.0 S9

10 ml) and toluene (1 ml), at room temperature. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (15.9 mg, 110 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from deep blue to brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically within 5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to 0 o C and β-myrcene (100.0 mg, 126 µl, mmol) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.2 ml of methanol was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with pentane (2 X 20 ml). Concentration and removal of last traces of solvent yielded the product as a colorless oil (97.1 mg). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. H a 3C H b 3C H c H e H h 2 2 H k C C C H j H d 2 H i H f CH g 3 1 H NMR (500 MHz): (d, 6.5 Hz?, 3 H, H g ), (s, 3 H, H b ), (s, 3 H. H a ), (tm, 6.5 Hz (?), 2 H, H e ), (dm, 7 Hz (?), 2 H, H d ), (d, 6.5, 2 H, H h ), (dd, 10, 1.5, 1 H, H j ), (dd, 17, 1.5, 1 H, H k ), (tm, 6.5 Hz, 1 H, H c ), (q, 6.5 Hz, 1 H, H f ), (ddt, 17, 10, 6.5, 1 H, H i ). NOESY: H g > H h, H i ; H f >H e, H d (not H h ), H e >H f, H c ; H d >H f, H c 13 C NMR (125 MHz) 13.20, , , 34.61, 37.09, , , , , , The quartet for the vinyl H at δ and the CH 3 -doublet at δ confirms that the structure is as indicated and NOT the alternate linear dimer: H 3 C H CH 3 CH 3 GC (Polydimethylsiloxane, 100 o C): R T = min. Hydrovinylation of (E)-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene (8) using [dppm]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 20 o C, (Eq 2, column 1). (E)-1-Phenyl-3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene (known compound) 4 : 1 H NMR (400 MHz): (m, 2H), (m, 2H), (m, 1H), 6.37 (d, H Hz, 1H), 6.16 (dd, Hz, 7.20 Hz, 1H), 5.87 (ddd, Hz, Hz, 6.40 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (dt, Hz, 1.60 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (dt, Hz, 1.60 Hz, 1H), (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, 6.80 Hz, 3H). 13 C NMR: 21.3, 42.2, 114.8, 127.6, 128.5, , 130.0, , 130.2, 135.8, 139.2, S10

11 GC (Polydimethylsiloxane, 120 o C): min. GC (Polydimethylsiloxane): 5 min at 100 C, 5 C/min, 5 min at 200 C, retention time (min): R T = min.; CSP GC (Cyclodex-B), 20 min at 80 C, 0.5 C/min to 100 C, retention time (min): R T = and Hydrovinylation of (E)-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene (8) using [dppp]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at 10 o C, (Eq 2, column 1). To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added [dppp]cocl 2 (41.6 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (4.0 ml) and toluene (1 ml), at 0 o C. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (16.6 mg, 115 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from deep blue to brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically within 5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to -10 o C and (E)-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene (100.0 mg, mmol) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned blue again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.2 ml of methanol was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with hexane (3 X 20 ml). Concentration and removal of last traces of solvent yielded the product as a colorless oil (113.1 mg; 93 %). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. H 1 H H NMR (t, 7, 2 H), (dd, 7.5, 7.5, 2 H), (dq, 10, 1.5, 1 H), H (dq, 17, 1.5, 1 H), (ddt, 11, 7.5, 1.5, 1 H), (ddt, 10.5, 7.5, 1.5, 1 H H H ), (ddd, 17, 10, 6, 1 H), (m, 3 H, aromatic), (m, 2 H, aromatic), NOESY PhCH 2 > CH C NMR 31.56, 33.47, , , , , , , , Gas chromatography: GC (Polydimethylsiloxane, 120 o C) R T = min. Hydrovinylation of (E)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene (11) using [dppm]cocl 2 /Me 3 Al at -10 o C, (Eq 2, column 2). To an oven-dried 10 ml round-bottom flask with a sidearm, was added [dppm]cocl 2 (35.6 mg, mmol) under argon and it was dissolved in a mixture of degassed dichloromethane (4.0 ml) and toluene (1 ml), at 0 o C. Trimethylaluminum solution (2M) in toluene (15.0 mg, 104 µl, mmol) was added dropwise as color of the solution changed from green to brown with the formation of white fumes over the solution. When all the fumes disappeared, the reaction vessel was carefully evacuated and then refilled with ethylene from a balloon. The filled balloon was used to maintain the ethylene atmosphere, while a vigorous reaction with evolution of fumes was observed. This evolution stopped in typically within 5 min. The reaction vessel was cooled to -10 o C and (E)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene (100.0 mg, mmol) was added under ethylene and the mixture was stirred for 6 h (color of the reaction solution turned dark green again at the end of the reaction). The ethylene balloon was removed and 0.2 ml of methanol S11

12 was introduced into the flask and stirring was continued for 5 minutes. The solution was warmed to room temperature and was subsequently passed through a silica plug. The plug was washed with hexane (3 X 20 ml). Concentration and removal of last traces of solvent yielded the product as a colorless oil (116.9 mg; 97 %). Isomeric compositions were determined by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. H H 3 C H H H 3 C H 1 H NMR (CDCl 3, 500 MHz): (d, 7 Hz, 3 H), (dd, 1.5, 1.5, 3 H), (m, 1 H), (dm, 17 Hz, 1 H), (dm, 12 Hz, 1 H), (s, 1H), (ddd, 17, 11, 1.5), (s, 1 H), (m, aromatic). NOESY: PhCH > C sp3 -CH 3, bis-allylic CH. 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): 15.72, 18.16, 46.88, , , , , , , , Since the HV product itself could not be separated on Cyclodex-B column, further derivatization was employed to prepare an alcohol, which was analyzed as the TMS ether. The hydrocarbon 12 was subjected to hydroboration/oxidation using 9-BBN and the enantiomeric mixture of alcohols were converted into the corresponding TMS ethers which were analyzed on Cyclodex-B column (see attached chromatograms). The product was ascertained to be nearly racemic. Optical rotation measurements further confirmed these observations. Gas chromatography: GC (Polydimethylsiloxane, 150 o C) min. CSP GC of the TMS ether (see previous paragraph for derivatization scheme): Cyclodex B 100 o C, 0 min., raise 0.1 min./degree to 110 o C, 60 min. Enantiomer 1: min, Enantiomer 2: min. (RR)-( )-[DIOP]CoCl 2 -Catalyzed hydrovinylation of 4-methylstyrene. 3-(4- methyl)phenyl)-1-butene (known compound). 5 Gas chromatography: (Polydimethylsiloxane, 100 o C) R T = min.; CSP GC (Cyclodex-B) conditions: 60 o C, 10 min., 0.1 o C/per min to 70 o C R T = 42.5 min (59%, R), 43.5 min. (41%, S). References 1. Grutters, M. M. P.; Mueller, C.; Vogt, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, Breitmaier, E.; Voelter, W. Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy; VCH: Weinheim, p Ehlers, J.; König, W. A.; Lutz, S.; Wenz, G.; tom Dieck, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1988, 27, Smith, C. R.; RajanBabu, T. V. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, Zhang, A.; RajanBabu, T. V. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, S12

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