Combustion Reactions (another example of redox) Combustion
|
|
- Hope Gordon
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Combustion Reactions (another example of redox) Combustion is the burning of a fuel by rapid oxidation with oxygen in air. - General reaction for carbon based fuels is: Balancing Combustion Reactions Step 1: Balance C Step 2: Balance H Step 3: Balance O Step 4: Change any half numbers to a whole number and check to be sure of balancing. Examples: C 7 H 16 (l) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) C 4 H 10 (g) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) C 4 H 10 (g) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) Problem: balance the following oxidation reaction: C 2 H 6 (g) + O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g) Ch 5 Page 15
2 5.6 Recognizing Redox Reactions How can you tell if a reaction involves a transfer of electrons? - When ions are involved, determine if there is a change in. - All single replacement reactions are redox reactions. - Single replacement reactions exchange which type of atom is present as a pure element. An example of a single replacement reaction: - For molecular substances, a value called an (or oxidation state), indicates whether the atom is neutral, electron-rich, or electron-poor. - By comparing the oxidation number of an atom before and after a reaction, we can tell whether the atom has gained or lost shares in electrons. - Oxidation numbers do imply ionic charges. hey are simply a convenient device for keeping track of electrons in redox reactions. Rules for Assigning Oxidation umbers 1. Elements = 0 e.g. K, 2, Xe (oxid # = 0) 2. All oxidation numbers add to zero (or to ion charge for an ion). 3. A fixed charge cation retains its charge. Group #1 (oxid # = +1) Group #2 (oxid. # = +2) Ag ion = +1; Cd ion = +2; Zn ion = +2; Al ion = Hydrogen attached to a nonmetal (oxid # = +1) Hydrogen attached to a metal (oxid # = -1) 5. Oxygen (usually has oxidation # = -2) (unless it violates #2; e.g. peroxides) 6. Halide (F always -1; others usually has oxidation # = -1) (unless it violates #2) 7. Determine remaining element oxidation # by following rule #2. Ch 5 Page 16
3 Examples aclo4 aclo3 aclo2 Molecular substances can be analyzed in terms of loss and gain of oxygen. - he oxygens in the formula, the the oxidation state, so the more oxidized the substance. Problen: Determine the oxidation number of V in VCl 3. Problem Determine the oxidation number of phosphorus in a 3 PO 4. Problem: Determine the oxidation number of in O 3 -. Problem: Determine the oxidation number of Cr in Cr 2 O Remember that the oxidation number is the number for a single atom! Ch 5 Page 17
4 Using oxidation numbers for redox recognition. dentify the substance oxidized, the substance reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent in the following reaction. Cu + O 3 - Cu 2+ + O 2 oxidized: reducing agent: reduced: oxidizing agent: Agents include the entire solids, covalent molecules & polyatomic ions Problem: dentify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the following reaction. Fe 2 O 3 (s) + 3 CO(g) 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO 2 (g) is the oxidizing agent; is the reducing agent. he Activity Series Redox as a Battle for Electrons We have learned that total molecular equations can be broken down. An equation such as: 2 Al + 3 CuCl 2 2 AlCl Cu Can be written as a net ionic equation: Ch 5 Page 18
5 2 Al + 3 Cu 2+ à 2 Al Cu Redox reactions can be broken down even further, to include separate oxidation and reduction half reactions. Oxidation ½ Rxn: Reduction ½ Rxn: How do we know the reaction goes in this direction? Why not write it as: 2 Al Cu à 2 Al + 3 Cu 2+ Problem: try writing the half reactions for the reverse reaction. Oxidation ½ Rxn: Reduction ½ Rxn: his is just as valid on paper. Let s see what reaction actually occurs! DEMO: Fill 1 beaker full of CuCl 2 (source of Cu 2+ ions) and add some Al foil. (his represents scenario 1 above) Reaction? Fill beaker 2 with Al(O 3 ) 3 (source of Al 3+ ions) and add some Cu metal. Cu metal will quickly form on the surface of the Al in beaker 1. Reaction? his shows us that is a more reactive metal than. is more easily oxidized. (t wants to form a cation the most.) n order to put elements into order of the greatest activity, we put the ones that want to be cations the most at the top of the list. We will practice doing this during lab: (Single and Double Replacement Reactions.) Ch 5 Page 19
6 Driving Forces f a reaction occurred, then there must have been something that made it more than just a mixture when reactants are added together. hat something is known as a driving force. here are four general driving forces. 1. (ons stick together and fall to the bottom of the beaker.) 2. (ons stick together and leave through the top of the beaker as bubbles. 3. (ons come together as a covalent molecule and stick together while floating around) 4. (Electrons are exchanged) Did a Reaction Occur? n order for a reaction to occur, the reactants and the products must be exactly the same. f we have all the same species floating around in solution before and after a potential reaction, then no reaction actually occurred! Let s learn how to write equations that leave out non-reacting spectators. 5.7 et onic Equations n reactions involving ions, it is more accurate to write the reaction as an. An ionic equation is one in which ions are explicitly shown as entities. Some ions undergo no change during the reaction. hey appear on sides of the reaction because they play no role. hese are known as ions. he actual reaction can be described more simply by writing a net ionic equation, which spectator ions. Ch 5 Page 20
7 A net ionic equation must be balanced both for and for, with all coefficients reduced to their lowest whole numbers. hings that break apart in solution - break into H + and A - Strong acids are HCl, HBr, H, HClO 4, HClO 3, HO 3, H 2 SO 4 - break into M + and OH - Common strong bases are aoh, KOH, LiOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH) 2, Sr(OH) 2, Ba(OH) 2, - break up into their ions. Use solubility rules to decide hings that stay together in solution - Only aqueous species break up! - Formulas that start with H that are not listed above. - Formulas ending in OH not listed above. - Water is the most common one we will find. - Any substance that is insoluble and would form a precipitate. When spectator ions are removed from the equation we are left with a. Ch 5 Page 21
8 SEPS O WRG E OC EQUAOS 1. Convert the reactants from words to chemical formulas. 2. Determine the type of reaction that is likely to occur and use it to predict the products. 3. Balance the reaction. - his is often called the total or molecular equation. 4. Use your solubility rules to determine the appropriate state symbols. - insoluble substances will have (s). - soluble salts will have (aq). 5. Break into anions and cations those things that are primarily broken apart in solution. - Break apart soluble salts, strong acids, and strong bases. - Don t break apart insoluble substances, weak acids, weak bases, gases, and H 2 O. Be sure to take stoichiometric coefficients into account 2 a 2 SO 4 becomes 4a + (aq) + 2SO 4 2- (aq) - his is called the otal onic Equation. 6. Simplify the equation by cancelling out things that appear on both sides of the reaction. - hey must appear with the same charge and in the same phase to cancel out! - tems that cancel out are considered spectators since they don t actively participate. - he resulting reaction is the et onic Equation. Ch 5 Page 22
9 For example, let look at the reaction of ammonium iodide with lead () perchlorate: --otal Equation: --onic Equation: --et onic Equation: ectators Problem: Write net ionic equations for the following 4 equations. nclude state symbols for the total equation and state the driving force. a) Solutions of potassium hydroxide and aluminum nitrate were mixed together. b) Solutions of phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide neutralize each other. Ch 5 Page 23
10 c) Solutions of sodium chloride and potassium nitrate are mixed. d) Solutions of calcium acetate and lithium sulfide react. e) Elemental copper reacts with a solution of silver nitrate. Problem: Determine the net ionic equation for: a 2 SO 4 (aq) + Ba(O 3 ) 2 (aq) Ch 5 Page 24
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances
More informationCh. 8 Chemical Reactions
Ch. 8 Chemical Reactions Intro to Reactions I II III IV V Signs of a Chemical Reaction Evolution of heat and light Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Law of Conservation of Mass
More informationName Honors Chemistry / /
Name Honors Chemistry / / Redox Reactions Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers Oxidation state of: Charge Examples Neutral monoatomic or molecular elements 0 Na(s), Cl 2 (g), S 8 (s), O 2 (g), Hg(l) Fluorine
More informationChapter 4. Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions. Strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte. Electrolytic Properties
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Observing and Predicting Reactions How do we know whether a reaction occurs? What observations indicate a reaction has occurred? In your groups, make a list of changes
More informationChapter 4 Chemical Formulas, Reactions, Redox and Solutions
Terms to Know: Solubility Solute Solvent Solution Chapter 4 the amount of substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature. a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Copyright 2004 by houghton Mifflin Company. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 7 All rights reserved. 1 7.1 Predicting if a Rxn Will Occur When chemicals are mixed and one of these driving forces can
More informationI. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in Solution*
Chapter 5 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Titrations Kick Acid!!! 1 I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in
More informationTypes of Reactions: Reactions
1 Reactions On the A.P. Test there will be one question (question #4) that will say: Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following chemical reactions. Each occurs in aqueous
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Reactions. Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide.
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide. Evidence of Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Reactants Products Reactant(s): Substance(s) present before the
More informationChapter 7: Chemical Reactions
C h a p t e r 7, C h a p t e r 1 6 ( 2-5 ) : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s P a g e 1 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions Read Chapter 7 and Check MasteringChemistry due dates. Evidence of Chemical Reactions:
More informationSession 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67)
Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67) I. Elecrolytes a. Soluble substances b. Insoluble substances c. Electrolytes d. Non-Electrolytes e. Ions and electrical conductivity f. Strong and
More informationSolution Chemistry. Chapter 4
Solution Chemistry Chapter 4 Covalent Molecule Dissolving in Water Ionic Compound Dissolving in Water Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Electrolytes/Nonelectrolytes Type Dissociation Electrical Conductivity
More informationAqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined).
Aqueous Reactions Defining Aqueous Reactions Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are
More informationChemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical Reactions and Equations 5-1 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a chemical change. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances is converted into one or more new
More informationChemical Equations. Chemical Reactions. The Hindenburg Reaction 5/25/11
Chemical Reactions CHM 1032C Chemical Equations Chemical change involves a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. The Hindenburg Reaction Reactants are on left, products to the right. Arrow
More informationChapter 19: Redox & Electrochemistry
Chapter 19: Redox & Electrochemistry 1. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Definitions Oxidation - refers to the of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion Reduction - refers to the of electrons by an molecule,
More informationTypes of Reactions: Reactions
1 Reactions On the A.P. Test there will be one question (question #4) that will say: Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following chemical reactions. Each occurs in aqueous
More information(A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single replacement (D) Double replacement: Acid-base (E) Combustion
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 08: Chemical Reactions No. 1 of 10 1. What type is the following reaction: H 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCO 3 (aq) + 2 H 2 O (l)? (A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single
More informationelemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another.
CHEMICAL TYPES HANDOUT In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. There are two
More informationTypes of Chemical Reactions (rxns.)
Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.) Introduction Chemical reactions occur when bonds (between the electrons of atoms) are formed or broken Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical composition
More informationPart 01 - Notes: Reactions & Classification
Objectives: Identify, define, and explain: combination reaction, synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, combustion reaction, rapid oxidation,
More information7/16/2012. Chapter Four: Like Dissolve Like. The Water Molecule. Ionic Compounds in Water. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Chapter Four: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance
More informationChapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. - As words: hydrogen plus oxygen combine to form water - As a chemical
More informationElectrolytes do conduct electricity, in proportion to the concentrations of their ions in solution.
Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions This chapter deals with reactions that occur in aqueous solution these solutions all use water as the solvent. We will look
More informationChapter 3 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Chemical Reactions Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2 Chemical Reactions Evidence of a chemical reaction: Gas Evolution
More informationCHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS.
CHAPTER 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products New substances produced The arrow means yields Where do Chemical Reactions occur? Everywhere!!! In living organisms In
More informationBIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016
BIG IDEA TWO October 13, 2016 Topics to Cover in Big Idea 2 1. Ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds 2. Polarity and dipole moment 3. Intermolecular forces (IMF): 4. Lewis dot structures 5. Resonance forms
More informationCh 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances.
Ch 3.3 Counting (p78) One dozen = 12 things We use a dozen to make it easier to count the amount of substances. Moles the SI base unit that describes the amount of particles in a substance. Mole is abbreviated
More informationChapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 6 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Table of Contents (6.1) (6.2) (6.3) (6.4) (6.5) (6.6) (6.7) (6.8) Water, the common solvent The nature of aqueous solutions: Strong
More informationChapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties
+4.1 - General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent = substance present in greatest quantity Solute = the other substance(s) present in a solution
More informationSolubility Rules See also Table 4.1 in text and Appendix G in Lab Manual
Ch 4 Chemical Reactions Ionic Theory of Solutions - Ionic substances produce freely moving ions when dissolved in water, and the ions carry electric current. (S. Arrhenius, 1884) - An electrolyte is a
More informationNet Ionic Equations *denotes fourths- no longer in fifths Group Mean. Net Ionic Rules and Probabilities. Net Ionic Rules. Net Ionic Rules 9/2/10
Year Global Mean Net Ionic Equations *denotes fourths no longer in fifths Group Mean Highest Fourth Third Second Lowest Net Ionic Rules and Probabilities 1998 6.2 4.5 1 5 5 8 8 1999 6.3 3.9 0 1 10 26 11
More informationChemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Chemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMICAL EQUATIONS N 2 + 3 H 2 2 NH 3 2 N 6 H 2 N 6 H reactants products balanced means equal numbers of atoms of each element on each side
More informationA reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate
Chapter 7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Section 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Four Driving Forces Favor Chemical Change 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons
More informationFe(s) + O2(g) Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations. Fe + O2. January 26, What is a chemical reaction?
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions What is a chemical reaction? Chemical Reaction: process by which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. Indications of a chemical reaction
More informationChapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions
More informationChapter 9. Chemical Reaction
Chapter 9 Chemical Reaction Everyday Chemical Reaction O Can you name some? O Cooking Pizza O Changes the ingredients O Combustion O Driving to school burns gasoline O Wheelbarrow rusting (especially in
More informationChapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined.
Molarity Chapter 4 Concentration of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Given the molarity and the moles
More informationAP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry:
AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry: Water as a solvent Strong and Weak Electrolytes Solution Concentrations How to Make up a solution Types of Reactions Introduction
More informationCHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Water, the common solvent Solution is a homogeneous mixture Solvent is the substance that does the dissolving Solute is the substance that
More informationDuring photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction:
Example 4.1 Stoichiometry During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Suppose that a particular plant consumes 37.8 g of CO 2
More informationAP Chemistry. Chapter 4
AP Chemistry Chapter 4 1 Properties of Aqueous Solution Solutions Definition: Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) EVENLY distributed throughout another substance. Solutions have 2 parts: 1) Solvent the
More informationFrom Writing Formulas to Balancing Equations A Tutorial
Chemistry Revised 2013 Name From Writing Formulas to Balancing Equations A Tutorial Period Oxidation Numbers. The Oxidation numbers written as s _ tell whether an element or group of elements lost or gained
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS. Discuss breaking/forming bonds 10/29/2012. Products Reactants
CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Page 321 Products Reactants Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: Zn I 2 Discuss breaking/forming bonds Chemical Reaction or Change process in which one or more substances are converted into
More information**The partially (-) oxygen pulls apart and surrounds the (+) cation. The partially (+) hydrogen pulls apart and surrounds the (-) anion.
#19 Notes Unit 3: Reactions in Solutions Ch. Reactions in Solutions I. Solvation -the act of dissolving (solute (salt) dissolves in the solvent (water)) Hydration: dissolving in water, the universal solvent.
More informationChapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 Water, The Common Solvent State why water acts as a common solvent. Draw the structure of water, including partial charge. Write equations
More informationIntroduction to Chemical Reactions. Making new substances
Introduction to Chemical Reactions Making new substances Main Ideas Chemical Reactions are represented by Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations are balanced to show the same number of atoms of each element
More informationReactions (Chapter 4) Notes 2016.notebook. October 14, Chemical Reactions. Chapter 4 Notes. Oct 21 8:44 AM. Oct 22 10:14 AM
Chemical Reactions Chapter 4 Notes Oct 21 8:44 AM Oct 22 10:14 AM 1 There are several things to keep in mind writing reactions and predicting products: 1. States of matter of elements/compounds 2. Diatomics
More informationUNIT (4) CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
UNIT (4) CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS 4.1 Formula Masses Recall that the decimal number written under the symbol of the element in the periodic table is the atomic mass of the element. Atomic mass
More informationCH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide
CH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide 1. Solubility Why are some compounds soluble and others insoluble? In solid potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, the potassium ions, which have a charge of +1, are
More informationReaction Classes. Precipitation Reactions
Reaction Classes Precipitation: synthesis of an ionic solid a solid precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of certain ions are mixed AcidBase: proton transfer reactions acid donates a proton to a base,
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture of solute + solvent Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component that does
More informationBeaker A Beaker B Beaker C Beaker D NaCl (aq) AgNO 3(aq) NaCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq) AgCl (s) + Na 1+ 1
CH 11 T49 MIXING SOLUTIONS 1 You have mastered this topic when you can: 1) define the terms precipitate, spectator ion, suspension, mechanical mixture, solution. 2) write formula equations, complete/total
More informationChapter 9. Vocabulary Ch Kick Off Activity. Objectives. Interpreting Formulas. Interpreting Formulas
Chapter 9 Chemical Vocabulary Ch. 9.1 Chemical reaction Reactant Product Word Equation Skeleton Equation Chemical equation Coefficient 1 2 Objectives Write chemical equations to describe chemical reactions
More informationYou try: 2) HC 7H 6O 2 3) N 2O 5. 5) HClO 4. 7) Rb 2C 2O 4 8) H 3PO 4 9) AgI 10) Sr(OH) 2. What kind of compound is it? NON ELECTROLYTE (NE)
Solubility: Solubility is the measure of how much of a solute will dissolve in a solvent. In general chemistry, we usually talk about water as the solvent, so we are talking about what compounds will dissolve
More informationChapter 11. Symbols used in equations indicates a reversible reaction (More later) heat. Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions All chemical reactions have two parts Reactants - the substances you start with Products- the substances you end up with The reactants turn into the products. Reactants Products
More informationChapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution I) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Homogeneous mixture on a molecular level - prop. same throughout - separable by physical means - variable composition
More informationCHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations
CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemistry I Chapter 7 1 Chemical Equations Their Job: Depict the kind of reactants and products and their relative amounts in a reaction. 4 Al (s) + 3 O 2 (g) ---> 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) The
More informationChm 116 (Sp 2004) - Review of Chm 115
Chm 116 (Sp 2004) Review of Chm 115 Conversions within the SI system Examples (with Answers): 1. Convert 1.29 x 10 +5 mg into the following units: kilograms, grams, micrograms, and nanograms. In order
More informationReactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions
Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions Redox reactions In precipitation reactions, cations and anions come together to form an insoluble ionic compound. In neutralization reactions, H + ions and
More informationAP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
AP Chemistry Unit #4 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to: Predict to some extent whether a substance will be a strong electrolyte,
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Some typical kinds of chemical reactions: 1. Precipitation reactions: the formation of a salt of lower solubility causes the precipitation to occur. precipr 2.
More informationChapter 4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Sample Exercise 4.1 (p. 127) The diagram below represents an aqueous solution of one of the following compounds: MgCl 2, KCl, or K 2 SO 4. Which solution does it best represent? Practice Exercise 1 (4.1)
More informationTypes of Reactions. There are five types of chemical reactions we observed in the lab:
Chemical Reactions Acids and Bases Acids: Form hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. HCl (aq) H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Examples: HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO 3 (nitric acid), H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid),
More informationCHEM 200/202. Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210. All s are to be sent to:
CHEM 200/202 Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210 All emails are to be sent to: chem200@mail.sdsu.edu My office hours will be held in GMCS-212 on Monday from 9 am to 11 am or by appointment. ANNOUNCEMENTS
More informationChapter 5. Chemical reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical equations CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) + CO(g) Chemical equation - representation of a chemical reaction; uses the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions
More informationHelp! I m Melting, wait...i m dissolving! Notes (Ch. 4)
Aqueous Solutions I. Most reactions happen. II. Aqueous means. III. A solution is a. IV. Dissolving occurs when water and/or. V. Electrolytes:. A. In solution, ionic compounds dissolve into. B. molecular
More informationChapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Table of Contents 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance (the solute) is
More informationCHM152LL Solution Chemistry Worksheet
Name: Section: CHM152LL Solution Chemistry Worksheet Many chemical reactions occur in solution. Solids are often dissolved in a solvent and mixed to produce a chemical reaction that would not occur if
More informationName HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions
Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are
More informationUnit Learning Targets (L.T.):
Unit 9: Chemical Equations and Reactions Chapters 8 and 19 Name Block Unit Learning Targets (L.T.): By the end of the unit, students will be able to: Chapter 8: 1. Correctly write and balance chemical
More informationChemical Reaction Types
Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction Types There are 5 types of chemical reactions that you need to know Combination reaction Decomposition reaction Combustion reaction Single replacement (redox) reaction
More informationName CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions
Name CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are two
More informationUnit 8 Chemical Reactions- Funsheets
Part A- Balancing Equations and Types of Reactions Balance AND identify the following reactions: Unit 8 Chemical Reactions- Funsheets 1) Mg + Zn(NO 3) 2 Zn Mg(NO 3) 2 2) Ba + AgNO 3 Ag + Ba(NO 3) 2 3)
More informationUnit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry
Unit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry Chapter 2 - Chemical Reactions Unit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry 1 / 42 2.1 - Chemical Equations Physical and Chemical Changes Physical change: A substance changes its
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Types of Reactions Two classifications: one how atoms are rearrangement and the other is chemical
More informationChapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Water, the Common Solvent One of the most important substances on Earth. Can dissolve many different substances. A polar molecule because
More informationNet Ionic Equations. Making Sense of Chemical Reactions
Making Sense of Chemical Reactions Now that you have mastered writing balanced chemical equations it is time to take a deeper look at what is really taking place chemically in each reaction. There are
More information- electrolytes: substances that dissolve in water to form charge-carrying solutions
111 Electrolytes and Ionic Theory - electrolytes: substances that dissolve in water to form charge-carrying solutions * Electrolytes form ions in solution - (ions that are mobile are able to carry charge!).
More informationHonors text: Ch 10 & 12 Unit 06 Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations
Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Effects of chemical reactions: Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in the reactants to form new products. The identities and properties of the products are completely
More informationTypes of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions There are five types of chemical reactions: 1. Formation (combination) 2. Decomposition 3. Single Displacement 4. Double Displacement 5. Combustion 1 Formation (Combination)
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component
More informationNET IONIC EQUATIONS. Electrolyte Behavior
NET IONIC EQUATIONS Net ionic equations are useful in that they show only those chemical species directly participating in a chemical reaction. They are thus simpler than the overall equation, and help
More informationTypes of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions 1) Combination (Synthesis) Reaction 2) Decomposition 3) Single Replacement 4) Double Replacement 5) Combustion 6) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Combination (Synthesis) Reactions
More informationTYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility
More informationChapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions Solution Stoichiometry Many reactions (biochemical, marine, etc.) take place in solution. We need to be able to express the number of moles of particles
More informationChemistry 150/151 Review Worksheet
Chemistry 150/151 Review Worksheet This worksheet serves to review concepts and calculations from first semester General Chemistry (CHM 150/151). Brief descriptions of concepts are included here. If you
More informationChemical reactions. least common reaction types. Balancing. A + B - (aq) + C + D - (aq) Double Displacement. aqueous.
transfer of electrons examples: batteries, corrosion, metabolism production & burning of fuels REDOX reduction is gain of e oxidation is loss of e most common reaction types OILRIG Chemical reactions Balancing
More informationCHEM 103 Acid-Base Reactions
CHEM 103 Acid-Base Reactions Lecture Notes March 2, 2006 Prof. Sevian 1 Chem 103 Please sit with your groups today. We will be doing a group problem at the end of class. 2 2005 H. Sevian 1 Agenda Recap:
More informationTypes of Reactions. There are five main types of chemical reactions we will talk about:
Chemical Reactions Types of Reactions There are five main types of chemical reactions we will talk about: 1. Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. Double displacement
More informationWord Equations. Symbols used in equations. Unit 7: Chemical Reactions. hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen
Unit 7: Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions involve a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. Can be represented in different ways 1 Word Equations hydrogen peroxide reacts to produce
More informationChapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions:
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 4 P a g e 1 Chapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions: Homework: Read Chapters 4. Work out sample/practice exercises Keep up with assignments in Lab Check
More information7.01 Chemical Reactions
7.01 Chemical Reactions The Law of Conservation of Mass Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 100 Miramar College 1 Chemical Reactions Making Substances Chemical Reactions; the heart of chemistry is the chemical
More informationSolubility Guidelines for Compounds in Aqueous Solutions
Solubility Guidelines for Compounds in Aqueous Solutions It is very important that you know these guidelines and how to apply them in reactions. 1) Common inorganic acids and low-molecularweight organic
More informationChemical Reactions. All chemical reactions can be written as chemical equations.
Chemical Reactions All chemical reactions can be written as chemical equations. What is a Chemical Reaction? Chemical reactions represent chemical changes A chemical change occurs when a substance has
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8: 1 7, 9 18, 20, 21, 24 26, 29 31, 46, 55, 69 Practice Problems 1. Write a skeleton equation for each chemical reaction. Include the appropriate
More informationUnit 5 Chemical Reactions Notes. Introduction: Chemical substances have physical and chemical properties
Unit 5 Chemical Reactions Notes Introduction: Chemical substances have physical and chemical properties Physical Properties 2 Types of Physical Properties Extensive Physical Properties Intensive Physical
More information"Undissolved ionic compounds":
115 "Undissolved ionic compounds": How can I tell if an ionic compound dissolves in water? - consult experimental data: "solubility rules"! A few of the "rules"... - Compounds that contain a Group IA cation
More information