Surfactant Assisted Fabrication of Different Nanostructures of Boehmite by Hydrothermal Process
|
|
- Jason Ellis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Surfctnt Assisted Friction of Different Nnostructures of Boehmite y Hydrotherml Process Kveti Rjrm 1 nd Jihoon Kim* Division of Advnced Mterils Engineering, Kongju Ntionl University, Cheonn, Chungchungnm-do 32588, Kore. *Corresponding uthor: Jihoon.kim@kongju.c.kr (J. Kim) 1 ORCID: , *ORCID: Astrct The morphologicl controlled growth of Boehmite (γ-alooh) nnocrystls hs ttrcted extensive reserch interest ecuse of their unique shpe-dependent nd widespred pplictions. Surfctnts hve een frequently used in the morphologicl controlled synthesis of oehmite nnocrystls in solution. In this work, y using hexdecyl trimethyl mmonium romide (CTAB) s structure-directing gent nd precipittor, we present synthesis of well-crystllized oehmite nnostructures with vrious morphologies vrying from three-dimensionl (3D) flower like rchitectures, two-dimensionl (2D) flkes to one-dimensionl (1D) rods, wires with enhnced spect rtios nd even lmellr rchitectures y hydrotherml process y simply controlling the CTAB concentrtion, rection time nd temperture, nd the ph of the rection mixture. The otined oehmite nnostructures were chrcterized y techniques, such s X-ry diffrction (XRD), Fourier trnsform infrred technique (FTIR), Scnning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The convincing evidence for the crystl phse of the s-prepred different nnostructures ws provided y FTIR spectr. A possile formtion mechnism of the different oehmite nnostructures is proposed sed on the rection dynmics process nd the surfctnt-ssisted growth. Keywords: γ-alooh, Hydrotherml Process, Different Nnostructures, Boehmite, Nnowires, Nnorods, Nnoflkes nd Lmellr Architectures INTRODUCTION Over the pst few decdes, tremendous efforts hve een devoted to the friction of inorgnic nnomterils with different shpes such s 1D nnowires, nnorods, nnotues, nnostrips, 2D nnoflkes, nnosheets, nd their selfssemled 3D lmellr rchitectures, nd nnoflowers, s the mteril properties, such s physicl, chemicl, mgnetic, opticl nd ctlytic properties nd their potentil pplictions re lrgely dependent on sizes nd/or morphologies [1-5]. Severl Techniques hve een developed to fricte the inorgnic mterils with controlled morphologies, chemicl vpor deposition (CVD) [3], templte-confined method [4], vpor-liquid-solid (VLS) methods, soft lithogrphy, lser ltion nd solution-phse pproches [6-8], etc. Hydrotherml nd solvotherml crystlliztion is well-known method used to grow inorgnic crystls. As moderte nd djustle method, the hydrotherml route hs occurred s n lterntive synthesis route to control the properties of the inorgnic mterils, including size, structure, morphology, components, etc. In those processes, unstle prticles re dissolved nd recrystllized to form more stle prticles, leding to crystl growth. The shpe of the prticle is usully connected with the intrinsic structure of the crystls nd the environmentl conditions nd the shpe of the crystls re determined so tht their totl surfce energy cn e minimized. The processing time depends on the finl size of the crystls required usully, it tkes few hours or dys. Some of the experimentl results found tht the growth prmeters such s surfce energy, growth rte, cpping molecules, rection temperture, nd the ph of the rection mixture to e criticl in determining the ehvior of the ultimte nnostructures [8]. Understnding the growth mechnism nd the shpe-guiding process is essentil for the synthesis of the prticles with desired shpes nd sizes [9]. Boehmite, s one of the two polymorphs of the luminum oxyhydroxide (the other one is dispore, α-alooh), nd it is prtly dehydrted luminum hydroxides which is primry precursor for the preprtion of different lumins, such s γ- Al 2O 3 nd corundum (α-al 2O 3), is mteril widely useful in severl commercil pplictions, for exmple, cermics, rsive mterils, fire-retrdnts, dsorents, cotings, ctlytic process (ctlysts nd ctlyst supports), nd fillers for polymeric composites [10-12]. According to the recent reports, oehmite nnoprticles hve lso found some of the technologicl utilities s dielectric microelectronic, iomterils, nd opticl devices [13]. Since there is close reltionship etween the morphology nd/or size nd properties nd further pplictions, enormous ttention hs een pid to synthesize oehmite smples with different shpes nd dimensions, such s nnorods, nnotues, nnofiers, nnowires, dispersed nnosheets, nnoflkes, nd even their ssemled superstructures, such s flowers, hllow microspheres, nd cntloupe-like rchitectures [14-17]. For exmple, T. He et l. reported hydrotherml synthesis of oehmite nnocrystls with vrying morphologies y freshly precipitted Al(OH 3) gel t C for 16 h in different solutions nd their studies shows, the nisotropic dsorption of the nions on the fcets of the oehmite ws considered to e responsile for the formtion of oehmite nnocrystls with vrious rchitectures [18]. X. Y. Cheon et l. reported the hydrotherml synthesis of 1D nnorods nd 2D nnoflkes nd they concluded tht the cidity of the rection mixture plys significnt role in determining the size nd morphology of the 2781
2 resulting nnocrystls [19]. More recently, W. Jio et l. reported the different sizes nd morphologies of oehmite with enhnced spect rtios y djusting the molr rtios in n orgnic dditive-free ctionic-nionic doule hydrolysis method [20]. As stted ove, mny groups hve een developed nd documented numerous procedures of controlling the morphologies nd sizes of oehmite nnoprticles, however herein we present simple surfctnt-ssisted hydrotherml synthesis of well-crystllized oehmite nnostructures with different morphologies vrying from flower like rchitectures, lmellr rchitectures, nnoflkes to nnorods, nnostrips, nd even nnowires with enhnced spect rtios (i.e., [length long the -xis]/[length long the c-xis]) y simply controlling the Al 3+ /CTAB concentrtion, rection time, temperture, nd the ph of the rection mixture. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION All of the chemicl regent used in our experiments were nlyticl grde nd used s purchsed without further purifiction. Aluminum nitrte nonhydrte (Al(NO 3) 3 9H 2O), hexdecyl trimethyl mmonium romide (CTAB), nd mmoni (NH 3) were purchsed from Sigm-Aldrich. Deionized wter ws used directly without further purifiction. In typicl synthesis, clculted mount of Al(NO 3) 3 9H 2O ws dissolved into 20 ml of distilled wter under mgnetic stirring. Similrly, certin mole rtio of CTAB ws dissolved into 20 ml of distilled wter under mgnetic stirring. Then, the CTAB solution ws susequently dded drop y drop to the Al(NO 3) 3 9H 2O solution, nd the resulting mixture ws stirred for severl minutes until cler solution ws formed. Susequently, some mount of concentrted NH 3 9H 2O ws dded dropwise to the ove solution to get certin ph of the rection mixture. Finlly, the resultnt solution ws trnsferred into 60 ml Teflon-lined, stinless steel utoclve, which ws then seled nd kept in the electric oven t C for 24 h. After the hydrotherml tretment, the utoclve ws slowly ir cooled to room-temperture. The resultnt colloidl product ws centrifuged nd wshed severl times with deionized wter, followed y ethnol, nd then dried it under vcuum t 60 0 C for 8h. The phse identifiction of smples ws crried out on X-ry diffrction (XRD) ptterns, using Rigku miniflex 600 with Cu-Kα rdition (λ= Å). The morphology nd sizes of the smples were studied y field emission scnning electron microscopy (FESEM; Nov 200). Fourier trnsform infrred (FTIR) spectr were performed with PerkinElmer-Frontier FT- IR Spectrometer. Figure 1- XRD ptterns of the hydrotherml products formed with 3.0 mmol Al(NO 3) 3 nd 1.25 mmol CTAB t C for 24 h, t ph 3 (); t ph 5 (). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Fig.1 shows the typicl XRD ptterns of the otined smples prepred t ph= ~3 () nd ~5 () t C for 24 h. Under these cidic conditions, ll the shrp nd strong reflection peks cn e esily indexed to the orthorhomic oehmite phse, which is in good greement with the previous reports [19-21]. Figure 2- FE-SEM imges of the hydrotherml products formed t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25 for 12h (); 24 h (). 2782
3 No peks from the other phses were oserved, indicting the high purity nd crystllinity of the s-prepred γ-alooh. The XRD ptterns were lmost identicl for the oth smples which re nonowires (), nnorods (), the little rodening nd less intensity of XRD pttern () compred to () should e relted to the smll size of the s-prepred product. Figs. 2 nd 2 shows the FE-SEM imges of the γ-alooh smples synthesized t ph= ~5 with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25 t C for 12h nd 24 h respectively. The FE-SEM imge Fig. 2, revels tht the γ-alooh smple is composed of so mny uniform nnorods hving the lengths nd the dimeters re pproximtely 470 nm nd 50 nm respectively leding to the spect rtio of ~9.5. The FE-SEM imge Fig. 2, revels tht the less gglomertion nd enhncement in the spect rtio of γ-alooh nnorods to ~15, which is proly due to the incresed in the rection time from 12h to 24h leding to morphology growth of the Boehmite. To understnd the effect of the rection time on the morphology of the resulting product, we hve incresed the rection time from 24 h to 36 h nd y keeping ll the other rection conditions s constnt nd its FE-SEM imges were otined. FE-SEM imge Fig.3 clerly shows the result of ove effect y hving the mixed spect rtio rnging from 12 to 17, lso the imge clerly demonstrtes the undles of nnorods due to the self-ssemly of severl individul nnorods, possily s the result of the presence of hydrogen onds etween the djcent single nnostrips through the fllowing suggested mechnism [22]. In the oehmite lttice, oxygen ions re locted in distorted octhedrl rrngement round luminum nd orgnized in prllel lyers connected y hydrogen onds [23]. Therefore, the individul oehmite nnorods self-ssemle lterlly due to the surfce hydrogen onds nd form undles of oehmite nnorods s indicted in Fig. 3. c Figure 3- FE-SEM imge of the hydrotherml product formed t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25 for 36h. In order to investigte the effect of the cidity on the morphologies of the resulting products, we hve mintined the ph of the hydrotherml rection mixture t 3.0 y keeping ll other rection conditions s sme, which were, rection temperture C, Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25 nd the Figure 4- FE-SEM imges of the hydrotherml product formed t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25 for 24h t ph 3.0 (); () nd (c) re the mgnified FE-SEM imges t different orienttions. rection time ws 24 h, lter FE-SEM imges of the resulting products were otined. From the FE-SEM imges in Fig
4 clerly, demonstrtes the smple consist of mny high spect rtio nnowires with length scles rnging from 800 nm to ~2 µm nd dimeter of nnowires re out 18 nm to 35 nm. The spect rtio of the nnowires is out 100. The Figures 4-4. clerly shows the self-ssemle undles of nnowires in n enormous numer due to the presence of hydrogen onds etween the djcent single nnowires, which cn e understood y the mechnism explined erlier. The Fig. 4c revels the mgnified imge of the self-ssemled undle of nnowire in the morphology growth direction. The good crystllinity of the nnowires cn e seen from the XRD pttern in the Fig. 1(). From the figures 2 nd 4, we cn conclude tht, the high cidic conditions re more fvorle towrd the formtion of high spect rtio 1D nnostructures. A similr conclusion ws given y X.Y. Chen et l. even without using the surfctnt [19]. To investigte the influence of the CTAB concentrtion on the otined product morphology nd sizes, series of experiments were crried out. Vrying mounts of 2.50, 3.75, nd 5.0 mmol CTAB were dded to the system to replce the 1.25 mmol CTAB, nd the rection mixture ws mintined t C. The crystllinity of the products decresed with the incresing CTAB concentrtion, which cn e clerly seen from the XRD ptterns in the Fig. 5 y compring the XRD ptterns in the Fig. 1. Initilly, to investigte the time-dependent evolution of the hydrotherml products, we hve done few experiments for 12 h nd 24 h nd y keeping hydrotherml rection t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/1.25. The result of this products cn e seen in the Fig. 6. The FE-SEM imge Fig. 6 demonstrted thin lyered structure which ws the product otined for 12 h. c Figure 5- XRD ptterns of the hydrotherml products formed t C for 24 h nd for Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio 3.0/2.50 (c), 3.0/3.75 (d), nd 3.0/5.0 (e). When the growth period ws prolonged to 24 h, the structures of the smple comprised severl flkes y ssemle of few ly ers. The sizes of the flkes (Fig. 6) were incresed for 24 h rection hving smller gps in etween flkes when compred to flkes otined for (Fig. 6) 12 h rection. XRD ptterns of Figure 6- FE-SEM imges of the hydrotherml product formed t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/2.50 for 12 h (); 24 h (); Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio 3.0/5.0 for 24 h (c). the flke cn e seen from the Fig. 5 (c). By incresing the mount of CTAB further, the sheets ecome compct. When the usge of CTAB is more thn or equl to 5.0 mmol complete product ws lmellr structures, the gps etween lmellr structures ecme lrger, decresing the ppernce of flkes. The Fig. 7 shows the mgnified imge of the lmellr γ-alooh 2784
5 rchitecture nd it revels tht the pproximtely 1.5 µm length lmellr superstructures consist of flkes with thickness of pproximtely 20 nm. The XRD pttern of the lmellr rchitectures cn e seen from the Fig. 5 (e), the crystllinity of the products ws decresed due to the increse in CTAB concentrtion s discussed previously. Figure 7- Mgnified FE-SEM imge of fig. 6 (c) product. The FE-SEM imges in Fig. 8 ws otined for the hydrotherml products synthesized under the conditions where Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/3.75 t C with for 24 h. The Fig. 8 consists of very fine lmellr rchitectures long with few flower-like rchitectures. The flower-like superstructures re pproximtely 2.0 µm in size consisting of flkes spred in ll the, nd c xis. Figure 5d shows the XRD pttern of the Flower like γ-alooh rchitectures. These results indicte tht CTAB concentrtion hs very significnt effect on controlling the morphology of synthesized γ-alooh rchitectures. A lower cidic nd lower CTAB concentrtion results in 1D structures such s nnorods nd nnowires, little higher CTAB concentrtion results in 2D flkes nd 3D rchitectures such s nnoflowers long with lmellr rchitectures, nd higher surfctnt concentrtion gives complete multilyered 3D superstructures such s lmellr rchitectures. Figure 9 shows the FT-IR spectr of the hydrotherml products otined with 3.0 mmol Al(NO 3) 3 nd 1.25 mmol CTAB t C for 24 h. The FT-IR spectrum Fig. 9() is otined for the resultnt product synthesized t ph 3, nd nother spectrum Fig. 9() is otined for the resultnt product which ws synthesized t ph 5. There is no distinct difference etween these FTIR spectr. It is cler tht the 1D oehmite nnostructures (Fig. 2 nd Fig. 4) otined y simple hydro therml conditions showed sorption nds of Fig. 9 () t 3296, 3092, 2095, 1644, 1154, 1067, 747, 628, nd 467 cm -1, nd sorption nds of Fig. 9 () t 3304, 3090, 2101, 1973, 1646, 1157, 1067, 742, 619, 473 cm -1, which gree precisely with those reported in the literture [24]. In detil, the intensive nds t 3304, 3296 nd 3090, 3092 cm -1 cn e ssigned to the Figure 8- FE-SEM imges of the hydrotherml product formed t C with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio of 3.0/3.75 for 24 h (); Mgnified FE-SEM imge (). Figure 9- FT-IR spectr of the hydrotherml products otined with 3.0 mmol Al(NO 3) 3 nd 1.25 mmol CTAB t C for 24 h, t ph 3 (); t ph 5 (). 2785
6 υ s (Al)O-H nd υ s (Al)O-H stretching virtions respectively. The two wek nd t 2101 nd 1973 cm -1 cn e ssigned to comintion nds. The intense nd t 1067 cm -1 nd the shoulder t 1154 cm -1 re scried to the δ s Al-O-H nd δ s Al- O-H ending virtions in the oehmite lttice. The three strong nds t 747, 628, 476 cm -1 cn e ssigned to the virtion mode of AlO 6. In ddition, the shoulder t 1644 cm -1 cn e ssigned to the ending mode of dsored wter. A similr interprettion cn e pplicle to the FTIR spectrum () in Fig. 9. Consequently, FTIR nlysis lso confirms tht the s prepred hydrotherml products re pure-phse γ- AlOOH. Figure 10- FT-IR spectr of the hydrotherml products otined t C for 24 nd for Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio 3.0/2.50 (c), 3.0/3.75 (d), nd 3.0/5.0 (e). The Fourier trnsform infrred spectrometry spectr of the hydrotherml products synthesized t C for 24 nd with Al 3+ /CTAB molr rtio 3.0/2.50, 3.0/3.75, nd 3.0/5.0 were shown nd denoted s (c), (d), (e) respectively in the Figure 10. The FTIR spectrum (c) corresponds to the otined product of flkes like morphology, FTIR spectrum (d) corresponds to the hydrotherml product of flower like rchitectures, nd The FTIR spectrum (e) corresponds to the lmellr rchitectures. The spectrums in the Fig. 10 hs slight difference proly due to the different morphology of the otined products which is consistent with the XRD results (Fig.5) which hve poor crystllinity. As discussed ove the sorption nds of Fig. 9; the fig.10 sorption nds t 3314, 3088, 2924, 2854, 1652, 1068, 749, 627, nd 480 cm -1, lso gree precisely with those reported in the literture. The typicl C-H nds re not visile in the spectr of prepred smples, which indicte tht CTAB is not present in the products. The rod 3310 cm -1 the wek nds t 1640 cm -1 ccount for the stretching nd ending modes of the sored wter. The product peks 3314 cm -1 nd 3088 cm -1 cn e ssigned to the υ s (Al)O-H nd υ s (Al)O-H stretching virtions respectively. The nd 2105 cm -1 lso oserved in the spectrum of γ-alooh product. The three torsionl modes 747, 627, 480 cm -1 cn e ssigned to the virtion mode of AlO 6. The nd t 1069 cm -1 is ssigned to the δ s Al-O-H of γ-alooh. Therefore, FTIR nlysis of Fig.10 resultnt products lso confirms tht the s prepred hydrotherml products re pure-phse γ-alooh. These results confirm CTAB serves vitl role in the otining the different oehmite nnostructures. Usully, CTAB is used s templte micelle molecules to synthesize nnomterils. When CTAB dissolves in wter it cn completely ionize nd the resultnt ction is positively chrged tetrhedron tht possesses long, hydrophoic til. When it is in the solution, OH - cn dsor to ctionic hed of CTAB y electrosttic forces. The orthorhomic AlOOH exhiits lmellr structure in which the Al3+ ions exist distorted, edge shring octhedrl rrys of oxide ions tht form doule lyer with zigzg chins of H-onds tht connect the lyers [21]. At the initil growth nd higher concentrtion of CTAB, lmellr structures re redily formed in solution, followed y growth process, which results in multi-lyered metstle structure (Fig. 6(c)). When the hydrotherml rection temperture is high nd in the presence of CTAB, the metstle structures could e controlled to form the lmellr structures y conventionl Ostwld ripening (Fig.7). The solution with the lower concentrtion of CTAB, the metstle lyered structure could e distured nd split into rod like forms (Fig.2) nd even wire like (Fig.4) structures, lter when self-ssemly procedure hppened flower like rchitectures cn e produced. In the crystlliztion process CTB serves s growth controller nd n gglomertion controller, with the growth of the γ-alooh crystl, the morphous Al(OH) 3 dehydrtes to form AlOOH. Due to the preferentil dsorption of CTA + hed groups, only uniform rchitectures with preferentil growth direction my e formed. In ddition, this hydrotherml tretment is used to improve the crystllinity [25]. CONCLUSION In summry, the synthesis of different morphology of oehmite (γ-alooh) such s nnorods, nnowires, nnoflkes, lmellr nd flower like rchitectures y hydrotherml route ws studied. The effect of the cidity of the rection mixture nd the CTAB concentrtion on the morphologies of the resulting products were investigted, which reveled tht the under cidic conditions with lower CTAB concentrtion 1D, with higher CTAB concentrtion 2D nd 3D morphology of oehmite nnostructures formed. CTAB served s structure directing gent nd precipittor in this controlled formtion of the rchitectures nd morphologies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work ws supported y Internl Reserch Progrm funded y Kongju Ntionl University. REFERENCES [1] Jolivet, J.-P., Froidefond, C., Pottier, A., Chnec, C., Cssignon, S, Tronc, E., Euzen, P, J. Mter. Chem. 2004, 14,
7 [2] J.Q. Hu, Y. Bndo, J.H. Zhn, Y.B. Li, T. Sekiguci, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003) [3] C.N.R. Ro, F.L. Deepk, G. Gundih, A. Govindrj, Prog. Solid Stte Chem. 31 (2003) 599. [4] Y.N. Xi et l., Adv. Mtter. 15 (2003) 353. [5] Wng YQ, Wng GZ, Wng HQ, Ci WP, Ling CH, Zhng LD, Nnotechnology 2005, 16: [6] () M. Li, B. Leeu nd S. Mnn, Adv. Mter., 2003, 15, 2032, () J. Yng, Z. Qun, D. Kong, X. Liu nd J. Lin, Cryst. Growth Des., 2007, 7, 730. [7] () J. Hu, T.W. Odom, C.M. Lieer, ACC. Chem. Res. 32 (1999) 435, () Z.W. Pn, Z.R. Di, Z.L. Wng, Science 291 (2001) [8] () Y.W. Jun, J.S. Choi, J.W. Cheon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (2006) 3414, nd the references therein, () X. Wng, Y.D. Li, Inorg. Chem. 45 (2006) [9] G. Xi, K. Xiong, Q. Zho, R. Zhng nd Y. Qin, Crys. Growth Des., 2006, 6, 577. [10] Mrtínez, A. Prieto, G. Rollán, J. J. Ctl. 2009, 263, [11] Hu, M., Zhng, S., Pn, B. Zhng, W, Lv, L. Zhng, Q. J. Hzrd. Mter. 012, , [12] () Mrquez-Alvrez, C., Zilkov, N. Sci. Eng. 2008, 50, , () G.J. Ji, M.M. Li, G.H. Li, G.M. Go, H.F. Zou, S.C. Gn, X.C. Xu, Powder Technology (2012) [13] Shen, S.; Ng, W. K; Chi, L. S. O., Dong, Y., Tn, R. B. H. Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, [14] Hung, Z., Zhou, A., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Ln, X, Bi, H, Li, L. Adv. Mter. 2016, 28, ; [15] Ci, W., Yu, J., Gu, S., Jroniec, M. Cryst. Growth Des. 2010, 10, ; [16] Shen, S. C., Ng, W. K., Chen, Q, Zeng, X.T., Tn, R. B. H. Mter. Lett. 2007, 61, ; [17] Zng, J., Liu, S., Lin, J., Song, H., Luo, J, Elssfh, E. M. Ammr, E., Hung, Y. Ding, X. Go, J, Qi, S,: Tng, C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, [18] T. He, L. Xing, S. Zhu. CrystEngComm, 2009, 11, [19] X. Y. Chen, S.W. Lee, Chemicl Physics Letters 438 (2007) [20] W. Jio, X. Wu, T. Xue, G. Li, W. Wng, Y. Wng, Y. wng, Y. Tng, M. Y. He. Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, [21] H. Hou, Y. Zhu, G. Tng, Q. Hu., Mterils chrcteriztion 68 (2012) [22] H. Armi, M. Mzioumi, R Khlifehzdeh, S.K. Sdrezhd, Journl of lloys nd compounds 461 (2008) [23] A.C. Pierre, D.R.J. Uhlmnn, Non-Cryst. Solids 82 (1986) [24] J. Zhng, S. Wei, J. Lin, J. Luo, S. Liu, H. Song, E. Elwd, X. Ding, J. Go, S. Qi, nd C. Tng., J. Phys. Chem. B, Vol. 110, No. 43,2006. [25] Ri. P, Tripthy S, Prk N, O K, Lee I, Yu; J mter Sci Mter Electron 2009; 20:
Silicon Nanowire Based Single-Molecule SERS Sensor
Supporting informtion Silicon Nnowire Bsed Single-Molecule SERS Sensor Hui Wng, Xuemei Hn, Xuemei Ou, Chun-Sing Lee, Xiohong Zhng* nd Shuit-Tong Lee S1, A series of Si nnowires coted with compct ggregtes
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementry Informtion Assemling cron-coted hollow α-fe 2 nnohorns on the CNT ckone for superior lithium storge cpility Corresponding uthor: Xiong Wen (Dvid) Lou* School of Chemicl nd Biomedicl
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementry Informtion Lignd exchnge triggered controlled-relese trgeted drug delivery system sed on core shell superprmgnetic mesoporous microspheres cpped with nnoprticles Zhogng Teng, Xingng Zhu, Gengfeng
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 2
Supplementry Figure 1 Comprtive illustrtion of the steps required to decorte n oxide support AO with ctlyst prticles M through chemicl infiltrtion or in situ redox exsolution. () chemicl infiltrtion usully
More informationThermal Stability of Ti-C-Ni-Cr and Ti-C-Ni-Cr-Al-Si Nanocomposite Coatings
Journl of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Therml Stility of Ti-C-Ni-Cr nd Ti-C-Ni-Cr-Al-Si Nnocomposite Cotings To cite this rticle: A V Andreev et l 2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 652 012057 View
More informationSynthesis and Photoluminescence of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ Doped ZnS Nanocrystals
Rre Metl Mterils nd Engineering Volume 47, Issue 6, June 2018 Online English edition of the Chinese lnguge journl Cite this rticle s: Rre Metl Mterils nd Engineering, 2018, 47(6): 1744-1748. ARTICLE Synthesis
More informationColorimetric detection and separation of chiral tyrosine. based on N-acetyl-L-cysteine modified gold. nanoparticles
Colorimetric detection nd seprtion of chirl tyrosine sed on N-cetyl-L-cysteine modified gold nnoprticles Hiyn Su, Qiuling Zheng nd Hiing Li* Key Lortory of Pesticide nd Chemicl Biology (CCNU), Ministry
More informationSurfactant-directed assembly of mesoporous metal-organic framework nanoplates in ionic liquid
Electronic supplementry informtion for: Surfctnt-directed ssemly of mesoporous metl-orgnic frmework nnopltes in ionic liquid Li Peng, Jinling Zhng*, Jinshen Li, Buxing Hn*, Zhimin Xue nd Gunying Yng Beijing
More informationa * a (2,1) 1,1 0,1 1,1 2,1 hkl 1,0 1,0 2,0 O 2,1 0,1 1,1 0,2 1,2 2,2
18 34.3 The Reciprocl Lttice The inverse of the intersections of plne with the unit cell xes is used to find the Miller indices of the plne. The inverse of the d-spcing etween plnes ppers in expressions
More informationEnhanced Photocatalytic CO 2 -Reduction Activity of Anatase TiO 2 by Coexposed {001} and {101} Facets
Supplementry Informtion for the Journl of Americn Chemicl Society The Americn Chemicl Society 04 Enhnced Photoctlytic CO -Reduction Activity of Antse TiO y Coexposed {00} nd {0} Fcets Jiguo Yu,*, Jingxing
More informationSTRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe/Si x Fe 1! x MULTILAYERS
MOLECULAR PHYSICS REPORTS 0 (00) 8-86 STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Fe/ x Fe! x MULTILAYERS P. WANDZIUK, M. KOPCEWICZ, B. SZYMAŃSKI, AND T. LUCIŃSKI Institute of Moleculr Physics, Polish Acdemy
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Informtion Ultrfst nd Stble CO Cpture Using Alkli Metl Slt-Promoted MgO-CCO 3 Sorbents Hongjie Cui, Qiming Zhng, Yunwu Hu, Chong Peng, Xingchen Fng, Zhenmin Cheng, Vldimir V. Glvit nd Zhiming
More informationZeolite-Coated Mesostructured Cellular Silica Foams
Pulished on We 12/19/22 Zeolite-Coted Mesostructured Cellulr Silic Foms Do Trong On nd Serge Kliguine* Deprtment of Chemicl Engineering, LVl UniVersity, Queec G1K 7P4, Cnd Received Septemer 23, 22 ; E-mil:
More informationSupporting information
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Ctlysis Science & Technology. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2017 Supporting informtion PdAu imetllic nnoprticles nchored on mine-modified mesoporous
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Synthesis of metl oxide with roomtemperture photoreversile phse trnsition Shin-ichi Ohkoshi 1 *, Yoshihide Tsunouchi, 1 Tomoyuki Mtsud, 1 Kzuhito Hshimoto, 2 Asuk Nmi, 1 Fumiyoshi
More informationControlled Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Nanocrystalline ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ Monospheres
Lun et l. Nnoscle Reserch Letters (2017) 12:219 DOI 10.1186/s11671-017-1996-x NANO EXPRESS Controlled Hydrotherml Synthesis nd Photoluminescence of Nnocrystlline ZnG 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ Monospheres Tin Lun 1,2,
More informationSupporting Information. Designed Synthesis of TS-1 Crystals with Controllable. b-oriented Length
Supporting Informtion Designed Synthesis of TS-1 rystls with ontrollble b-oriented Length Zhicho Shn, b Hong Wng, c Xingju Meng,*, Siyu Liu, b Ling Wng, b hunyu Wng, b Fei Li, b Jmes P. Lewis, c nd Feng-Shou
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementry Informtion Spontneously mplified homochirl orgnic-inorgnic nno-helix complex vi self-prolifertion Hlei Zhi, Yn Qun, Li Li, Xing-Yng Liu, Xurong Xu c nd Ruikng Tng*,c Centre for Biomterils
More informationtemperature is known as ionic product of water. It is designated as K w. Value of K w
Ionic product of ter The product of concentrtions of H nd OH ions in ter t prticulr temperture is knon s ionic product of ter. It is designted s K. H O H 1 OH ; H 57.3 kjm The vlue of [H ][OH ] K ; K[HO]
More informationand BiOCOOH have similar structures with the general formula [Bi 2 ][X m O 2 ] layers. Recently, to extend the light absorption spectra of (BiO) 2
Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(2): 353 361 Conference pper Xin Feng, Xinwei Li, Wen Cui, Fn Dong* nd Tierui Zhng* An ion-exchnge strtegy for I-doped nnopltes with enhnced visile light photoctlytic NOx removl
More informationNitrogen-doped nanoporous carbon nanosheets derived from plant biomass: An. efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Energy & Environmentl Science. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 214 Electronic Supplementry Informtion: Nitrogen-doped nnoporous cron nnosheets derived
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for ChemComm. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 218 Electronic Supplementry Informtion Nitrogen-free commercil cron cloth with rich defects for electroctlytic
More informationANSWERS TO REVIEW PROBLEM SET CH F
ANSWERS T REVIEW PRBLEM SET C41-018F [1] () The chirl isomer is stilized y intrmoleculr hydrogen onding etween the two guche groups. Such n rrngement lso keeps the ulky tert-utyl groups frther prt s they
More informationLECTURE 14. Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
LECTURE 14 Dr. Teres D. Golden University of North Texs Deprtment of Chemistry Quntittive Methods A. Quntittive Phse Anlysis Qulittive D phses by comprison with stndrd ptterns. Estimte of proportions of
More informationDETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING MOMENT INTERACTION AT MICROSCALE
Determintion RevAdvMterSci of mechnicl 0(009) -7 properties of nnostructures with complex crystl lttice using DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURES WITH COMPLEX CRYSTAL LATTICE USING
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(4): Research Article. Effect of EDTA Doping on Uracil Crystals
Aville online www.jocpr.com Journl of Chemicl nd Phrmceuticl Reserch, 2017, 9(4):250-255 Reserch Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 ABSTRACT Effect of EDTA Doping on Urcil Crystls V Beul Premvthi
More informationr. Ahmadi, h.r. madaah hosseini Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
o u r n l o f. Min. Metll. Sect. B-Metll. 48 () B (0) 8-88 M i n i n g n d M e t l l u r g y A new ApproAch for calculation of relaxation time And magnetic AnIsotropy of ferrofluids containing superparmagnetic
More informationOn the RISE APPLICATION NOTE. Correlative Confocal Raman and Scanning Electron Microscopy. WITec GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 6, Ulm, Germany
APPLICATION NOTE On the RISE Correltive Confocl Rmn nd Scnning Electron Microscopy WITec GmH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 6, 89081 Ulm, Germny fon +49 (0) 731 140 700, fx +49 (0) 731 140 70 200 info@witec.de, www.witec.de
More informationSelective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over Co-based. Intermetallic Compounds Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides
Supporting Informtion Selective Hydrogention of Cinnmldehyde over Co-bsed Intermetllic Compounds Derived from Lyered Double Hydroxides Yusen Yng, 1 Deming Ro, 1,2 Yudi Chen, 3 Siyun Dong, 1 Bin Wng, 4
More informationAN IMPROVED SMALL CLOSED DRIFT THRUSTER WITH BOTH CONDUCTING AND DIELECT RIC CHANNELS
AN IMPROVED SMALL CLOSED DRIFT THRUSTER WITH BOTH CONDUCTING AND DIELECT RIC CHANNELS A.I.Bugrov, A.D.Desitskov, H.R.Kufmn, V.K.Khrchevnikov, A.I.Morozov c, V.V.Zhurin d Moscow Institute of Rdioelectronics,
More informationCoalescence of Ag 2 S and Au Nanocrystals at Room Temperature
Electronic Supporting Informtion Colescence of Ag 2 S nd Au Nnocrystls t Room Temperture Jingln Qu, Hui Liu, Yifeng Wei, Xiofeng Wu, Renling Yue, Yunf Chen* nd Jun Yng*, Institute of Process Engineering,
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Nnoscle. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry Supporting Informtion A Dul-Emitting d-f Nnocrystlline Metl-Orgnic Frmework s Self- Clirting Luminescent Sensor
More informationSupporting Information. Electrochemical Valorization of Furfural to Maleic Acid
Supporting Informtion Electrochemicl Vloriztion of to Mleic Acid Stephen R. Kuot nd Kyoung-Shin Choi * Deprtment of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Mdison, Mdison, WI 53706, USA. *Correspondence to:
More informationTemplate-Free Synthesis of ZSM-5 Type Zeolite Layers on Porous Alumina Disks
Turk J Chem 31 (2007), 233 242. c TÜBİTAK Templte-Free Synthesis of ZSM-5 Type Zeolite Lyers on Porous Alumin Disks Hlil KALIPÇILAR nd Ali ÇULFAZ Chemicl Engineering Deprtment, Middle Est Technicl University,
More informationI1 = I2 I1 = I2 + I3 I1 + I2 = I3 + I4 I 3
2 The Prllel Circuit Electric Circuits: Figure 2- elow show ttery nd multiple resistors rrnged in prllel. Ech resistor receives portion of the current from the ttery sed on its resistnce. The split is
More informationDirect indirect character of the band gap in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
Direct indirect chrcter of the nd gp in methylmmonium led iodide perovskite Eline M. Hutter 1, Mrí C. Gélvez-Rued 1, Ann Osherov 2, Vldimir Bulović 2, Ferdinnd C. Grozem 1, Smuel D. Strnks 2,3*, nd Tom
More informationFully Kinetic Simulations of Ion Beam Neutralization
Fully Kinetic Simultions of Ion Bem Neutrliztion Joseph Wng University of Southern Cliforni Hideyuki Usui Kyoto University E-mil: josephjw@usc.edu; usui@rish.kyoto-u.c.jp 1. Introduction Ion em emission/neutrliztion
More informationResearch Article Simple Synthesis and Enhanced Performance of Graphene Oxide-Gold Composites
Nnomterils Volume 2012, Article ID 135138, 5 pges doi:10.1155/2012/135138 Reserch Article Simple Synthesis nd Enhnced Performnce of Grphene Oxide-Gold Composites MinSong,LuluYu,ndYiminWu Key Lortory of
More informationPreparation of Nanosized TiO 2 Particles via Ultrasonic Irradiation and Their Photocatalytic Activity on the Decomposition of 4-Nitrophenol
Koren J. Chem. Eng., 22(4), 547-551 (2005) Preprtion of Nnosized TiO 2 Prticles vi Ultrsonic Irrdition nd Their Photoctlytic Activity on the Decomposition of 4-Nitrophenol Chng Wook Oh, Gun-De Lee, Seong
More informationWhich of the following describes the net ionic reaction for the hydrolysis. Which of the following salts will produce a solution with the highest ph?
95. Which of the following descries the net ionic rection for the hydrolysis of NH4Cl( s)? A. NH4 ( q) Cl & ( q) NH4Cl( s) B. NH Cl & 4 ( s) NH4 ( q) Cl ( q) C. Cl ( q) H O & 2 ( l) HCl( q) OH ( q) D.
More informationCALCULATED POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION LINE PROFILES VIA ABSORPTION
16 17 CALCULATED POWDER X-RAY DFFRACTON LNE PROFLES VA ABSORPTON Keji Liu nd Heifen Chen School of Mteril Science nd Engineering, Shnghi nstitute of Technology, Shnghi, Chin 2233 ABSTRACT We hve clculted
More informationMetal-Carbonyl Organometallic Polymers, PFpP, for High- Resolution Positive and Negative Electron Beam Lithography Resist
Electronic Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for ChemComm. This journl is The Royl Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting informtion Metl-Crbonyl Orgnometllic Polymers, PFpP, for High- Resolution Positive nd Negtive
More informationEffect of acetone vapor treatment on photoluminescence of porous nc-si SiO x nanostructures
PACS 78.55.M, 79..Jv, 81..Ef Effect of cetone vpor tretment on photoluminescence of porous nc-si SiO x nnostructures I.Z. Indutnyi, K.V. Michilovsk, V.I. Min ko, P.E. Shepelivyi V. Lshkryov Institute of
More informationSupplementary Material (ESI) for Soft Matter This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry Supplementary data
Supplementry Mteril (ESI) for Soft Mtter This journl is The Royl Society of hemistry 009 Supplementry dt Quntifying Hydrogel Response using Lser Light Scttering. Joshu M. G. Swnn, Wim Brs b, Jonthn R.
More informationFundamentals of Analytical Chemistry
Homework Fundmentls of nlyticl hemistry hpter 9 0, 1, 5, 7, 9 cids, Bses, nd hpter 9(b) Definitions cid Releses H ions in wter (rrhenius) Proton donor (Bronsted( Lowry) Electron-pir cceptor (Lewis) hrcteristic
More informationSupporting information for
Supporting informtion for Competitive co-dsorption of with H O, NH 3, SO, NO, NO, N, O, nd CH in M-MOF-7 (M= Mg, Co, Ni): the role of hydrogen onding Kui Tn, Sestin Zulug, Qihn Gong, Yuzhi Go, Nour Nijem,
More informationAMPERE CONGRESS AMPERE on Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena. Under the auspices of The GROUPEMENT AMPERE
AMPERE 2000 th 30 CONGRESS AMPERE on Mgnetic Resonnce nd Relted Phenomen Lison, Portugl, 23-2 July 2000 Under the uspices of The GROUPEMENT AMPERE Edited y: A.F. MARTINS, A.G. FEIO nd J.G. MOURA Sponsoring
More informationJOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 47 (2016) Available online at ScienceDirect.
JOUNL OF ENVIONMENTL SCIENCES 47 (2016) 14 22 ville online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locte/jes Synthesis of TiO 2 visile light ctlysts with controllle crystlline phse nd morphology
More informationExamples Using both 2-D sections from Figure 3, data has been modeled for (acoustic) P and (elastic) S wave field
Suslt illumintion studies through longitudinl nd trnsversl wve propgtion Riz Ali *, Jn Thorecke nd Eric Verschuur, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlnds Copyright 2007, SBGf - Sociedde Brsileir
More informationVibrational Relaxation of HF (v=3) + CO
Journl of the Koren Chemicl Society 26, Vol. 6, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Kore http://dx.doi.org/.52/jkcs.26.6.6.462 Notes Vibrtionl Relxtion of HF (v3) + CO Chng Soon Lee Deprtment of Chemistry,
More informationPeriod #2 Notes: Electronic Structure of Atoms
Period # Notes: Electronic Structure of Atoms The logicl plce (for civil engineers) to begin in describing mterils is t the tomic scle. The bsic elements of the tom re the proton, the neutron, nd the electron:
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MALTA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY. CH237 - Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Tutorial Sheet VIII
UNIVERSITY OF MALTA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CH237 - Chemicl Thermodynmics nd Kinetics Tutoril Sheet VIII 1 () (i) The rte of the rection A + 2B 3C + D ws reported s 1.0 mol L -1 s -1. Stte the rtes of
More informationPreparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 O 3 /CaO photocatalysts
Rec Kinet Mech Ct (2010) 99:235 241 DOI 10.1007/s11144-009-0130-1 Preprtion nd visible light photoctlytic ctivity of Bi 2 O 3 /CO photoctlysts Limin Song Shujun Zhng Received: 2 June 2009 / Accepted: 20
More informationExperiment 9: DETERMINATION OF WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION
Experiment 9: DETERMINATION OF WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION Purpose: Prt I: The cid ioniztion constnt of wek cid is to be determined, nd the cid is identified ccordingly.
More information6. Photoionization of acridine through singlet and triplet channels
Chpter 6: Photoioniztion of cridine through singlet nd triplet chnnels 59 6. Photoioniztion of cridine through singlet nd triplet chnnels Photoioinztion of cridine (Ac) in queous micelles hs not yet een
More informationMicroporosity in Ordered Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Characterized by Catalytic Probing Reactions
J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 1853-1857 1853 Microporosity in Ordered Mesoporous Aluminosilictes Chrcterized by Ctlytic Probing Rections Yinyong Sun, Yu Hn, Lin Yun, Shengqin M, Dzhen Jing, nd Feng-Shou
More informationLecture V. Introduction to Space Groups Charles H. Lake
Lecture V. Introduction to Spce Groups 2003. Chrles H. Lke Outline:. Introduction B. Trnsltionl symmetry C. Nomenclture nd symols used with spce groups D. The spce groups E. Derivtion nd discussion of
More informationNovel one-dimensional Bi2O3-Bi2WO6 p-n hierarchical heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Journl of Mterils Chemistry A Novel one-dimensionl Bi2O3-Bi2WO6 p-n hierrchicl heterojunction with enhnced photoctlytic ctivity Journl: Journl of Mterils Chemistry A Mnuscript ID: TA-ART-01-2014-000274.R1
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
Journl of Physics nd Chemistry of Solids ] (]]]]) ]]] ]]] Contents lists ville t ScienceDirect Journl of Physics nd Chemistry of Solids journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/jpcs Friction nd chrcteriztion
More informationConstruction of right-handed-, left-handed- and racemic helical. coordination polymers. Enantioselective recognition via chiral.
Construction of right-hnded-, left-hnded- nd rcemic helicl coordintion polymers. Enntioselective recognition vi chirl helicl crystls Kyung Hwn Prk, Te Hwn Noh, Yoon-Bo
More informationExperiment 9: WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION
Experiment 9: WEAK ACID IONIZATION CONSTANT & PROPERTIES OF A BUFFERED SOLUTION Purpose: Prt I: The cid ioniztion constnt of wek cid is to be determined, nd the cid is identified ccordingly. Prt II: The
More informationEnhanced Hydrogen Storage Properties of Magnesium Nanotrees with Nanoleaves.
Enhnced Hydrogen Storge Properties of Mgnesium Nnotrees with Nnoleves. Journl: 29 MRS Fll Meeting Mnuscript ID: Drft Symposium: Symposium W Dte Sumitted y the Author: Complete List of Authors: Cnsizoglu,
More informationEnergy (kcal mol -1 ) Force (kcal mol -1 Å -1 ) Pore axis (Å) Mixed Mo-only S-only Graphene
Force (kcl mol -1 Å -1 ) Energy (kcl mol -1 ) 3 1-1 - -3 Mixed Mo-only S-only Grphene 6 5 3 1 Mixed Mo-only S-only Grphene - -1-1 1 Pore xis (Å) -1 1 Pore xis (Å) Supplementry Figure 1 Energy Brriers.
More informationXX-th ARS SEPARATORIA Szklarska Poręba, Poland 2005
XX-th ARS SEPARATORIA Szklrsk Porę, Polnd 25 DIALYSIS OF METAL IONS THROUGH ULTRAFILTRATION POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES ENHANCED BY POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) Gryzeld POŹNIAK Wroclw University of Technology, Deprtment
More informationCHAPTER 20: Second Law of Thermodynamics
CHAER 0: Second Lw of hermodynmics Responses to Questions 3. kg of liquid iron will hve greter entropy, since it is less ordered thn solid iron nd its molecules hve more therml motion. In ddition, het
More informationA comparative study of lithium and sodium salts in PAN-based ion conducting polymer electrolytes
Ionics (2010) 16:431 435 DOI 10.1007/s11581-009-0410-9 ORIGINAL PAPERS A comprtive study of lithium nd sodium slts in PAN-sed ion conducting polymer electrolytes Zurin Osmn & Khirul Bhiyh Md Is & Azhr
More informationSection 6: Area, Volume, and Average Value
Chpter The Integrl Applied Clculus Section 6: Are, Volume, nd Averge Vlue Are We hve lredy used integrls to find the re etween the grph of function nd the horizontl xis. Integrls cn lso e used to find
More informationModule 2: Rate Law & Stoichiomtery (Chapter 3, Fogler)
CHE 309: Chemicl Rection Engineering Lecture-8 Module 2: Rte Lw & Stoichiomtery (Chpter 3, Fogler) Topics to be covered in tody s lecture Thermodynmics nd Kinetics Rection rtes for reversible rections
More informationHighly aligned carbon nanotube forests coated by superconducting NbC
Received 24 Nov 21 Accepted 14 Jul 211 Pulished 16 Aug 211 DOI: 1.138/ncomms1438 Highly ligned cron nnotue forests coted y superconducting NC G.F. Zou 1,2, H.M. Luo 3, S. Bily 4, Y.Y. Zhng 2, N.F. Herkorn
More informationChem 130 Third Exam. Total /100
Nme Chem 130 Third Exm On the following pges you will find eight questions covering vries topics rnging from precipittion solubility, cid bse, nd oxidtion reduction rections to metl lignd complexes nd
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi: 1.138/nnno.29.451 Aove-ndgp voltges from ferroelectric photovoltic devices S. Y. Yng, 1 J. Seidel 2,3, S. J. Byrnes, 2,3 P. Shfer, 1 C.-H. Yng, 3 M. D. Rossell, 4 P. Yu,
More informationModelling of chemical vapour deposition of carbon based on detailed surface chemistry
Modelling of chemicl vpour deposition of cron sed on detiled surfce chemistry Aijun Li *, Koyo Noring, Günter Schoch, Sven Lichtenerg, Olf Deutschmnn Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität
More information3.2.2 Kinetics. Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. 128 minutes. 128 marks. Page 1 of 12
3.. Kinetics Mxwell Boltzmnn distribution 8 minutes 8 mrks Pge of M. () M On the energy xis E mp t the mximum of the originl pek M The limits for the horizontl position of E mp re defined s bove the word
More informationElectrochimica Acta 146 (2014) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Electrochimica Acta
Electrochimic Act 146 (2014) 585 590 Contents lists ville t ScienceDirect Electrochimic Act journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/electct Octgonl prism shped lithium iron phosphte composite prticles s
More informationThin Film Scattering: Epitaxial Layers
Thin Film Scttering: Epitxil yers Arturs Vilionis GAM, Stnford University SIMES, SAC 5th Annul SSR Workshop on Synchrotron X-ry Scttering Techniques in Mterils nd Environmentl Sciences: Theory nd Appliction
More informationCrystalline Structures The Basics
Crystlline Structures The sics Crystl structure of mteril is wy in which toms, ions, molecules re sptilly rrnged in 3-D spce. Crystl structure = lttice (unit cell geometry) + bsis (tom, ion, or molecule
More informationPoly(vinylamine) Microgels: ph-responsive Particles with High Primary Amine Contents
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Poly(vinylmine) Microgels: ph-responsive Prticles with High Primry Amine Contents Sineent Thioonro, Cory Berkln, Amir H. Milni, Rein Ulijn c n Brin R. Suners, * Polymer Science
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF WETTABILITY ALTERATION DUE TO VARIOUS NANOPARTICLES: AN EOR IMPLICATION WITH NANOFLUIDS
SCA14-082 1/6 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF WETTABILITY ALTERATION DUE TO VARIOUS NANOPARTICLES: AN EOR IMPLICATION WITH NANOFLUIDS Luky Hendrningrt nd Ole Torsæter Norwegin University of Science nd Technology
More informationSang-Hun Han, Kyung-Kyu Park, and Sang-Ho Lee* Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan , Korea
Mcromoleculr Reserch, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp 51-57 (2009) Polymeriztion of Methyl Methcrylte in Crbon Dioxide Using Glycidyl Methcrylte Linked Rective Stbilizer: Effect of Pressure, Rection Time, nd Mixing
More informationThe development of nanoscale morphology in polymer:fullerene. photovoltaic blends during solvent casting
Supplementry informtion Supplementry Mteril (ES) for Soft Mtter The development of nnoscle morphology in polymer:fullerene photovoltic lends during solvent csting To Wng, * Aln D. F. Dunr, Pul A. Stniec,
More informationMethod of Localisation and Controlled Ejection of Swarms of Likely Charged Particles
Method of Loclistion nd Controlled Ejection of Swrms of Likely Chrged Prticles I. N. Tukev July 3, 17 Astrct This work considers Coulom forces cting on chrged point prticle locted etween the two coxil,
More informationMatrix Algebra. Matrix Addition, Scalar Multiplication and Transposition. Linear Algebra I 24
Mtrix lger Mtrix ddition, Sclr Multipliction nd rnsposition Mtrix lger Section.. Mtrix ddition, Sclr Multipliction nd rnsposition rectngulr rry of numers is clled mtrix ( the plurl is mtrices ) nd the
More informationDevelopment of photocatalytic efficient Ti-based nanotubes and nanoribbons by conventional and microwave assisted synthesis strategies
Aville online t www.sciencedirect.com Microporous nd Mesoporous Mterils 114 (2008) 401 409 www.elsevier.com/locte/micromeso Development of photoctlytic efficient Ti-sed nnotues nd nnorions y conventionl
More informationSupplementary Figures.
Supplementry Figures. c c Supplementry Figure 1 13 C NMR spectrum of representtive smple of PCPC in CDCl 3. The polymer ws purified y using DMS/MeH. CH 2 Cl 2 H 2 DMS Supplementry Figure 2 1 H NMR spectrum
More informationChem 130 Third Exam. ö ø. Name
Nme Chem 130 Third Exm On the following pges re eight questions tht consider topics rnging from precipittion solubility, cid bse, nd oxidtion reduction rections to metl lignd complexes nd coordintion compounds.
More informationCHEMICAL KINETICS
CHEMICAL KINETICS Long Answer Questions: 1. Explin the following terms with suitble exmples ) Averge rte of Rection b) Slow nd Fst Rections c) Order of Rection d) Moleculrity of Rection e) Activtion Energy
More informationRugby High School Physical Science I Can & Evidence Statements
Rugy High School Physicl Science I Cn & Evidence Sttements RHS-PS1-1 Students who demonstrte understnding cn: RHS-PS1-1. Use the periodic tle s model to predict the reltive properties of elements sed on
More information1 ST ROUND, SOLUTIONS
ST ROUND, SOLUTIONS Problem (Lithuni) Self destructing pper ( points) Solution ( ) ( ) ( ) [Al HO OH ) ph pk lg [Al H O ( ) ( ) [Al H O OH [Al ( ).9 [Al H O.9.47 [Al ( ) ( ) ( ) [Al H O OH.9 pk ph lg.
More informationPackaging consideration of two dimensional polymer-based. photonic crystals for laser beam steering
Pckging considertion of two dimensionl polymer-sed photonic crystls for lser em steering Xinyun Dou, Xionn Chen, Mggie Yihong Chen, IEEE Senior Memer, Aln Xiolong Wng, Wei Jing c, Ry T. Chen *, IEEE Fellow
More informationANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANELS WITH FILLERS
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANELS WITH FILLERS A. N. Anoshkin *, V. Yu. Zuiko, A.V.Glezmn Perm Ntionl Reserch Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomolski Ave., Perm, 614990, Russi
More informationEffects of peripheral drilling moment on delamination using special drill bits
journl of mterils processing technology 01 (008 471 476 journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/jmtprotec Effects of peripherl illing moment on delmintion using specil ill bits C.C. Tso,, H. Hocheng b Deprtment
More informationPhysics 1402: Lecture 7 Today s Agenda
1 Physics 1402: Lecture 7 Tody s gend nnouncements: Lectures posted on: www.phys.uconn.edu/~rcote/ HW ssignments, solutions etc. Homework #2: On Msterphysics tody: due Fridy Go to msteringphysics.com Ls:
More informationPhysics 202, Lecture 14
Physics 202, Lecture 14 Tody s Topics Sources of the Mgnetic Field (Ch. 28) Biot-Svrt Lw Ampere s Lw Mgnetism in Mtter Mxwell s Equtions Homework #7: due Tues 3/11 t 11 PM (4th problem optionl) Mgnetic
More informationInternational Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: Vol.8, No.2, pp , 2015
Interntionl Journl of ChemTech Reserch CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.8, No.2, pp 424-429, 2015 ICEWEST-2015 [05 th - 06 th Feb 2015] Interntionl Conference on Energy, Wter nd Environmentl Science
More informationStructures of some surfactant polyelectrolyte complexes
PRAMANA cfl Indin Acdemy of Sciences Vol. 61, No. 2 journl of August 2003 physics pp. 447 454 Structures of some surfctnt polyelectrolyte complexes REMA KRISHNASWAMY 1, V A RAGHUNATHAN 1 nd A K SOOD 2
More informationFormation mechanisms of quantum dots in the Sn/Si system
QNN 02 9-11 Septemer 2002 Tsuku, Jpn TUP-40 Formtion mechnisms of quntum dots in the Sn/Si system Peter Möck*, Yunyun Lei, Tey Topuri, nd Nigel D. Browning Deprtment of Physics, University of Illinois
More informationPreparation and Dielectric Properties of Magnetite/Chitosan Nanocomposite Film
Middle Est Journl of Applied Sciences Volume : 5 Issue : 4 Oct.-Dec. 215 Pges: 94-944 Preprtion nd Dielectric Properties of Mgnetite/Chitosn Nnocomposite Film 1 Mgd D. Bdry, 2 Mohmmed A. Wh, 1 R K. Khled,
More informationPreliminary Design of Semi-Batch Reactor for Synthesis 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propanol Using Aspen Plus
Preliminry Design of Semi-Btch Rector for Synthesis 1,3-Dichloro-2-Propnol Using Aspen Plus Robih Yunus Herliti, A.S. Intn & Z.Z.Abidin Deprtment of Chemicl nd Environmentl Engineering, Fculty of Engineering
More informationHeavy tail and stable distributions
Hevy til nd stle distriutions J.K. Misiewicz Deprtment of Mthemtics nd Informtion Science Technicl University of Wrsw X or its distriution hs hevy til if E(X ) =. X or its distriution hs hevy til of order
More information7.2 The Definite Integral
7.2 The Definite Integrl the definite integrl In the previous section, it ws found tht if function f is continuous nd nonnegtive, then the re under the grph of f on [, b] is given by F (b) F (), where
More information