LIFE PROCESSES REQUIRE ENERGY. Energy = the ability to move or change matter.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "LIFE PROCESSES REQUIRE ENERGY. Energy = the ability to move or change matter."

Transcription

1 ENERGY & ENZYMES

2 LIFE PROCESSES REQUIRE ENERGY Energy = the ability to move or change matter.

3 What are some forms of energy? Light Heat Chemical Electrical

4 From food webs to the life of a cell energy energy energy

5 Flow of energy through life Life is built on chemical reactions transforming energy from one form to another organic molecules ATP & organic molecules sun organic molecules ATP & organic molecules solar energy ATP & organic molecules

6 Chemical Reactions Process in which bonds between atoms are broken, and new ones are formed. This produces one or more different substances.

7 Chemical Equations Reactants: The starting materials for a chemical reaction. Products: The substances that form after the reaction. Follow a specific format Reactants Products NaCl Na + + Cl -

8 Metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

9 Metabolism Chemical reactions of life Bond must form between molecules Occurs through dehydration synthesis Dehydration synthesis: A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules. Anabolic reactions Building up molecules from smaller units - Requires an input of energy That s why they re called anabolic steroids!

10 Metabolism Bonds also must break between molecules Occurs through hydrolysis Hydrolysis: chemical reaction that breaks down molecules by adding water molecules e.g. starch into glucose Digestion Catabolic reactions Breaking down of molecules into smaller units

11 atch?v=zmteqzlxbso 11

12 Chemical reactions & energy Some chemical reactions release energy exergonic digesting molecules= LESS organization= lower energy state Some chemical reactions require input of energy endergonic building molecules= MORE organization= higher energy state

13 13

14 Energy is needed to start a chemical reaction ENERGY Activation Energy: The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

15 Enzymes help reactions occur Enzymes: substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions. Um-75-PL4

16 Enzymes: are Proteins are Catalysts are in YOUR cells catalyzing reactions RIGHT NOW Help you maintain homeostasis Are specifically shaped by type Work on substrates Substrate: substance upon which enzymes work Have active sites (part the substrate fits into)

17 Some common enzymes: Amylase Catalase Sucrase DNA Polymerase Lipase Protease

18 Naming conventions Enzymes named for reaction they catalyze sucrase breaks down sucrose proteases break down proteins lipases break down lipids DNA polymerase builds DNA adds nucleotides to DNA strand pepsin breaks down proteins (polypeptides)

19 Activation Energy with and without an enzyme

20 How does an enzyme work? Step 1: Enzyme attaches to its specific substrate (sucrase attaches with sucrose) Step 2: At the active site, the enzyme and the substrate interact in a way that reduces activation energy of the reaction Step 3: The reaction is complete when products form. The enzyme is now free and goes an acts on a new substrate.

21 Lock and Key model Simplistic model of enzyme action substrate fits into 3-D structure of enzyme active site H bonds between substrate & enzyme like key fits into lock

22 Some things can make enzymes work FASTER or NOT AT ALL Temperature: Enzymes work at optimal temperatures. If the temperature is too high or too low, it may change the shape of the enzyme so it won t work. ph: Values outside of the preferred range of enzymes may cause bonds to break and then the enzyme can t work.

23 reaction rate Temperature What s happening here?! 37 temperature

24 reaction rate Enzymes and temperature Different enzymes function in different organisms in different environments human enzyme hot spring bacteria enzyme 37 C temperature 70 C (158 F)

25 reaction rate ph What s happening here?! pepsin trypsin pepsin trypsin ph

AP Biology. Metabolism & Enzymes

AP Biology. Metabolism & Enzymes Metabolism & Enzymes From food webs to the life of a cell energy energy energy Flow of energy through life: Life is built on chemical reactions transforming energy from one form to another organic molecules

More information

Ch. 3 Metabolism and Enzymes

Ch. 3 Metabolism and Enzymes Ch. 3 Metabolism and Enzymes Originally prepared by Kim B. Foglia. Revised and adapted by Nhan A. Pham Flow of energy through life Life is built on chemical reactions that enable energy to flow through

More information

Activating Strategy. AP Lesson #10. EQ: What is metabolism and what role does energy play in metabolism? How does energy move through an environment?

Activating Strategy. AP Lesson #10. EQ: What is metabolism and what role does energy play in metabolism? How does energy move through an environment? Activating Strategy Belief or Disbelief 1. 1 st Law of thermodynamics states that energy can be created and destroyed. 2. Anabolic reactions are reactions that break bonds between molecules. 3. Exergonic

More information

ATP ATP. The energy needs of life. Living economy. Where do we get the energy from? 9/11/2015. Making energy! Organisms are endergonic systems

ATP ATP. The energy needs of life. Living economy. Where do we get the energy from? 9/11/2015. Making energy! Organisms are endergonic systems Making energy! ATP The energy needs of life rganisms are endergonic systems What do we need energy for? synthesis building biomolecules reproduction movement active transport temperature regulation 2007-2008

More information

Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes

Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes Study Guide: Basic Chemistry, Water, Life Compounds and Enzymes 1. Lipids are good energy-storage molecules because a) the can absorb a large amount of energy while maintaining a constant temperature b)

More information

Chapter 6. Ground Rules Of Metabolism

Chapter 6. Ground Rules Of Metabolism Chapter 6 Ground Rules Of Metabolism Alcohol Dehydrogenase An enzyme Breaks down ethanol and other toxic alcohols Allows humans to drink Metabolism Is the totality of an organism s chemical reactions Arises

More information

Energy & Metabolism. Two states of energy. Low and high potential energy 9/23/2016. Energy

Energy & Metabolism. Two states of energy. Low and high potential energy 9/23/2016. Energy Energy & Metabolism Energy Life requires a constant flow of energy. Energy: The capacity to do work. Energy can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms, but cannot be created

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

BIOCHEMISTRY/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Enzymes Activation Energy Chemical reactions require an initial input of energy activation energy large biomolecules are stable must absorb energy to break bonds cellulose energy CO 2 + H 2 O + heat Activation

More information

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Living things consist of atoms of different elements. An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. An element is one type of atom. 6 elements make up 99% of all living things

More information

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes THINK ABOUT IT Living things are made up of chemical compounds, but chemistry isn t just what life is made of chemistry is also what life does. Everything that happens

More information

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chemical Reactions

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction occurs when chemical bonds are broken and reformed. Rust forms very slowly, while rocket fuel combustion is explosive! The significance of this comparison is that

More information

1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need

1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need 1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need Let s define catalyst. Enzyme?? Their name ends in what??? Catabolic?? Anabolic?? Catabolic rxns are exergonic (what in the

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism An Introduction to Metabolism The living cell is a microscopic factory where life s giant processes can be performed: -sugars to amino acids to proteins and vise versa -reactions to dismantle polymers

More information

the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Chemical structure Covalent bond Ionic bond

the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Chemical structure Covalent bond Ionic bond Chemical structure the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together Covalent bond bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms Ionic bond

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism. Chapter 8

An Introduction to Metabolism. Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 METABOLISM I. Introduction All of an organism s chemical reactions Thousands of reactions in a cell Example: digest starch use sugar for energy and to build new

More information

Unit 7 Part I: Introductions to Biochemistry

Unit 7 Part I: Introductions to Biochemistry Unit 7 Part I: Introductions to Biochemistry Chemical Reactions, Enzymes and ATP 19-Mar-14 Averett 1 Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Process by which one set of chemicals is changed into another

More information

Chapter 5. Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes

Chapter 5. Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes Chapter 5 Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes Key Questions What factors determine which way a reaction will go? What factors determine the rate of a chemical reaction? How do enzymes work? How

More information

1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need

1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need 1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by reducing how much energy they need Let s define catalyst. Enzyme?? Their name ends in what??? Catabolic?? Anabolic?? Catabolic rxns are exergonic (what in the

More information

Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1

Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1 Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism, Part 1 Energy as it relates to Biology Energy for synthesis and movement Energy transformation Enzymes and how they speed reactions Metabolism

More information

REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned:

REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT. A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: Period Date REVIEW 1: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT A. Top 10 If you learned anything from this unit, you should have learned: 1. All living matter made up of CHONPS 2. Bonds a. covalent bonds are strong b. hydrogen

More information

Lab 3 Molecular Level of Organization

Lab 3 Molecular Level of Organization Lab 3 Molecular Level of Organization Laboratory Objectives List and describe common biomolecules. Identify the monomers and polymers of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Describe the formation of polar

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism. 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2. ATP 3. Enzymes & Metabolic Pathways

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism. 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2. ATP 3. Enzymes & Metabolic Pathways Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2. ATP 3. Enzymes & Metabolic Pathways 1. Energy & Chemical Reactions 2 Basic Forms of Energy Kinetic Energy (KE) energy in motion

More information

Chemical Principles and Biomolecules (Chapter 2) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus

Chemical Principles and Biomolecules (Chapter 2) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Chemical Principles and Biomolecules (Chapter 2) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Primary Source for figures and content: Tortora, G.J. Microbiology

More information

Chapter 3. Chemistry of Life

Chapter 3. Chemistry of Life Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Content Objectives Write these down! I will be able to identify: Where living things get energy. How chemical reactions occur. The functions of lipids. The importance of enzymes

More information

2/18/2013 CHEMISTRY OF CELLS. Carbon Structural Formations. 4 Classes of Organic Compounds (biomolecules)

2/18/2013 CHEMISTRY OF CELLS. Carbon Structural Formations. 4 Classes of Organic Compounds (biomolecules) CHEMISTRY OF CELLS 11 elements make up all organisms C, O, N, H: 96% weight of human body ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic compounds: contain C Inorganic compounds: no C Bonding and Structural Formulas H and

More information

Metabolism. AP Biology Chapter 8

Metabolism. AP Biology Chapter 8 Metabolism AP Biology Chapter 8 Energy Energy management Bioenergetics is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources. Energy is the capacity to do work. Energy exists in various forms Cells

More information

Chemistry of Life. Chapters 2 & 3. Credit: Larry Stepanowicz. Learning Objectives

Chemistry of Life. Chapters 2 & 3. Credit: Larry Stepanowicz. Learning Objectives Chemistry of Life Chapters 2 & 3 Credit: Larry Stepanowicz Learning Objectives 1. Differentiate between the definitions of an atom, element, ion, and molecule. 2. Describe why and how atoms react chemically.

More information

Copy into Note Packet and Return to Teacher

Copy into Note Packet and Return to Teacher Copy into Note Packet and Return to Teacher Section 1: Nature of Matter Objectives: Differentiate between atoms and elements. Analyze how compounds are formed. Distinguish between covalent bonds, hydrogen

More information

Unit 2: Part 1 Matter & Energy in Ecosystems What elements am I made of?

Unit 2: Part 1 Matter & Energy in Ecosystems What elements am I made of? Unit 2: Part 1 Matter & Energy in Ecosystems What elements am I made of? I. Introduction: Matter in Ecosystems A. Organisms are composed of matter (anything that takes up space and has mass) B. Organisms

More information

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. A. Energy and Energy Conversions

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism. A. Energy and Energy Conversions. A. Energy and Energy Conversions Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism Lecture Series 6 Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism B. ATP: Transferring Energy in Cells D. Molecular Structure Determines Enzyme Fxn Energy is the capacity to do work (cause

More information

Chapter 02 - Life, Matter, and Energy. Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 02 - Life, Matter, and Energy. Multiple Choice Questions Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition Saladin TEST BANK Full clear download (no formatting errors) at: https://testbankreal.com/download/essentials-anatomy-physiology-1stedition-saladin-test-bank/

More information

2/25/2013. Electronic Configurations

2/25/2013. Electronic Configurations 1 2 3 4 5 Chapter 2 Chemical Principles The Structure of Atoms Chemistry is the study of interactions between atoms and molecules The atom is the smallest unit of matter that enters into chemical reactions

More information

Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules

Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules OpenStax-CNX module: m44397 1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of

More information

The Chemistry of Life

The Chemistry of Life The Chemistry of Life Things you should be able to do 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. 2. Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules. 3.

More information

EH1008 : Biology for Public Health : Biomolecules and Metabolism

EH1008 : Biology for Public Health : Biomolecules and Metabolism EH1008 : Biology for Public Health : Biomolecules and Metabolism Biochemistry: The chemistry of living things What has this got to do with Epidemiology & Public Health? Aims of 'Epidemiology & Public Health:

More information

Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline)

Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline) Energy Transformation, Cellular Energy & Enzymes (Outline) Energy conversions and recycling of matter in the ecosystem. Forms of energy: potential and kinetic energy The two laws of thermodynamic and definitions

More information

chapter A solution is a mixture composed of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.

chapter A solution is a mixture composed of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined. chapter 02 True / False Questions 1. Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants. True False 2. Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds. True False 3. Hydrogen,

More information

Biology Test 2 BIO.2c-d: Metabolic Processes. For questions 1 16, choose the best answer. Indicate your answer on the Scantron and on the test.

Biology Test 2 BIO.2c-d: Metabolic Processes. For questions 1 16, choose the best answer. Indicate your answer on the Scantron and on the test. Name Block Date Biology Test 2 BIO.2c-d: Metabolic Processes For questions 1 16, choose the best answer. Indicate your answer on the Scantron and on the test. 1. Scientists hypothesize that oxygen began

More information

Enzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology

Enzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology L28-1 Enzyme Catalysis & Biotechnology Bovine Pancreatic RNase A Biochemistry, Life, and all that L28-2 A brief word about biochemistry traditionally, chemical engineers used organic and inorganic chemistry

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY 10/9/17 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is

BIOCHEMISTRY 10/9/17 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE. Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is BIOCHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Elements: simplest form of a substance - cannot be broken down any further without changing what it is THE ATOM Just like cells are the basic unit of life, the ATOM is the

More information

2017 Ebneshahidi. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi

2017 Ebneshahidi. Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi A. Introduction Chemistry science that deals with the composition of substances and the changes that take place in their composition. Organic chemistry chemistry that deals with organic

More information

Unit 2: The Properties of Water, Organic Macromolecules, Enzymes, Digestion (questions)

Unit 2: The Properties of Water, Organic Macromolecules, Enzymes, Digestion (questions) Table 1: ph Values of Common Substances 1. Observe Table 1, which substance has the highest concentration of H+ ions? a. Water b. Baking soda solution c. Lemon juice d. Sodium hydroxide solution 2. Which

More information

Biology Slide 1 of 34

Biology Slide 1 of 34 Biology 1 of 34 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 2 of 34 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into

More information

Slide 1 / Describe the setup of Stanley Miller s experiment and the results. What was the significance of his results?

Slide 1 / Describe the setup of Stanley Miller s experiment and the results. What was the significance of his results? Slide 1 / 57 1 Describe the setup of Stanley Miller s experiment and the results. What was the significance of his results? Slide 2 / 57 2 Explain how dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are related.

More information

Energetics Free Energy and Spontaneity. Fueling Life

Energetics Free Energy and Spontaneity. Fueling Life Energetics Free Energy and Spontaneity Fueling Life Energy takes various forms MECHANICALL Energy, regardless of the form, can exist in two states potential kinetic Photosynthesis makes energy available

More information

Lecture 7: Enzymes and Energetics

Lecture 7: Enzymes and Energetics Lecture 7: Enzymes and Energetics I. Biological Background A. Biological work requires energy 1. Energy is the capacity to do work a. Energy is expressed in units of work (kilojoules) or heat energy (kilocalories)

More information

Enzymes: Basic Principles

Enzymes: Basic Principles Enzymes: Basic Principles BIO161 Basic Biochemistry Dr John Puddefoot J.R.Puddefoot@qmul.ac.uk Objectives: To introduce the basic concepts and definitions of enzymology You should be able to able to define

More information

Big Idea #2. Energy. Types of Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Chemical Potential Energy. Metabolism

Big Idea #2. Energy. Types of Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy. Chemical Potential Energy. Metabolism Big Idea #2 Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Life runs on chemical reactions rearranging atoms transforming

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 1 An Introduction to Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

What Is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Types of energy

What Is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Types of energy What Is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work. Synthesizing molecules Moving objects Generating heat and light Types of Kinetic: of movement otential: stored First Law of Thermodynamics Energy cannot

More information

Metabolism and enzymes

Metabolism and enzymes Metabolism and enzymes 4-11-16 What is a chemical reaction? A chemical reaction is a process that forms or breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together Chemical reactions convert one set of chemical

More information

Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation

Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism. Catabolic Pathways. Anabolic Pathways 3/6/2011. How to Read a Chemical Equation Objectives INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Chapter 8 Metabolism, Energy, and Life Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cell metabolism Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy Distinguish

More information

Chapter 5 Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes

Chapter 5 Metabolism: Energy & Enzymes Energy Energy is the capacity to do work Kinetic energy Energy of motion Potential energy Stored energy What do you use for energy? Where do you think the energy is stored these molecules? The BONDS! Every

More information

I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI.

I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Chapter 6 Energy & Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living Things II. Laws of Thermodynamics & Free Energy III. Activation Energy IV. Enzymes V. Reaction Coupling VI. Metabolism I. Flow of Energy in Living

More information

Chemistry of Life Essential Questions

Chemistry of Life Essential Questions Chemistry of Life Essential Questions VMHS Standards 8.6b; 8.6c; 1h; 4e; 4f; 5a;1b; 1. What is an atom? What are elements? An atom is the basic unit of o Consist of,, and An element is a type of atom o

More information

Metabolism and Enzymes

Metabolism and Enzymes Energy Basics Metabolism and Enzymes Chapter 5 Pgs. 77 86 Chapter 8 Pgs. 142 162 Energy is the capacity to cause change, and is required to do work. Very difficult to define quantity. Two types of energy:

More information

Unit Two Chemistry of the Human Body

Unit Two Chemistry of the Human Body I. Introduction to atoms Unit Two Chemistry of the Human Body A. Chemistry is the branch of science that concerns itself with the structure of matter, including the interaction between atoms. 1. Atoms-

More information

Do Now. What is happening in the pictures below? How do you know? What evidence do you have to support your answer?

Do Now. What is happening in the pictures below? How do you know? What evidence do you have to support your answer? Do Now What is happening in the pictures below? How do you know? What evidence do you have to support your answer? Energy and Enzymes 5.10-5.16 Chemical Reactions Lab Clean Up Procedure Sample Data Do

More information

Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6

Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6 Ground Rules of Metabolism CHAPTER 6 Antioxidants You ve heard the term. What s the big deal? Found naturally in many fruits and vegetables Added to many products What do they actually do? Antioxidants

More information

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Slide 1 of 34

2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Slide 1 of 34 2 4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 1 of 34 Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. Some chemical reactions

More information

Metabolism and energy

Metabolism and energy Metabolism and energy Metabolism: chemical reactions in cells Countless chemical reactions take place in cells and are responsible for all the actions of organisms. Together, these reactions make up an

More information

Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline)

Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline) Energy Transformation and Metabolism (Outline) - Definitions & Laws of Thermodynamics - Overview of energy flow ecosystem - Biochemical processes: Anabolic/endergonic & Catabolic/exergonic - Chemical reactions

More information

CHAPTER 8. An Introduction to Metabolism

CHAPTER 8. An Introduction to Metabolism CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling. That enzymes work by lowering the energy of activation.

More information

Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism

Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism Chapter 8: Energy and Metabolism Why do organisms need energy? How do organisms manage their energy needs? Defining terms and issues: energy and thermodynamics metabolic reactions and energy transfers

More information

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules All living things are based on atoms and their interactions. Living things consist of atoms of different elements. An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. An element is one type of atom. ydrogen

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Key Concepts 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 8.2 The free-energy change of a reaction tells us

More information

Number 1 What is a chemical reaction?

Number 1 What is a chemical reaction? Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Number 1 What is a chemical reaction? A process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another by changing the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds.

More information

AP Biology Thermodyamics

AP Biology Thermodyamics AP Biology Thermodyamics Introduction to Thermodynamics The living cell is a chemical industry in miniature The totality of an organism s chemical reaction is called metabolism Metabolism involves managing

More information

Guided Notes Unit 1: Biochemistry

Guided Notes Unit 1: Biochemistry Name: Date: Block: Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life I. Concept 2.1: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules a. Atoms Guided Notes Unit 1: Biochemistry i. Atom: _ ii. (They are SUPER small! It would take 3 million carbon

More information

Nature of matter. Chemical bond is a force that joins atoms

Nature of matter. Chemical bond is a force that joins atoms Nature of matter Atom the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means The subatomic particles of an atom consist of protons, neutrons and electrons Element is a pure substance

More information

Chapter 2! Chapter 2 Chemistry. The Chemical Level of Organization! SECTION 2-1! Atoms are the basic particles of matter! Subatomic Particles!

Chapter 2! Chapter 2 Chemistry. The Chemical Level of Organization! SECTION 2-1! Atoms are the basic particles of matter! Subatomic Particles! Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization SECTION 2-1 Atoms are the basic particles of matter Note: Although we will not cover the first parts of these notes during lecture, you are responsible for

More information

Chapter 6 Active Reading Guide An Introduction to Metabolism

Chapter 6 Active Reading Guide An Introduction to Metabolism Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Section 1 1. Define metabolism. Chapter 6 Active Reading Guide An Introduction to Metabolism 2. There are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic and catabolic.

More information

9/25/2011. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life. I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V.

9/25/2011. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life. I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Chapter 8 Introduction to Metabolism Outline I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Enzymes Overview: The Energy of Life Figure 8.1 The living cell is a miniature

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Name Period Concept 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 1. Define metabolism. 2. There are two types

More information

Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy 6 Pathways that Harvest and Store Chemical Energy Energy is stored in chemical bonds and can be released and transformed by metabolic pathways. Chemical energy available to do work is termed free energy

More information

Full file at Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology (Martini/ Bartholomew) Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization

Full file at   Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology (Martini/ Bartholomew) Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology (Martini/ Bartholomew) Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization Multiple Choice 1) An unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles spontaneously is called A) a

More information

How do we get the energy, building blocks, and important molecules out of our food?

How do we get the energy, building blocks, and important molecules out of our food? Why do we need to eat food? To get a source of energy To get building blocks (raw materials) for growth/repair/maintenance/ energy storage To get the homeostasis molecules needed to keep our body "machinery"

More information

BIOLOGY 10/11/2014. An Introduction to Metabolism. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life

BIOLOGY 10/11/2014. An Introduction to Metabolism. Outline. Overview: The Energy of Life 8 An Introduction to Metabolism CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Outline I. Forms of Energy II. Laws of Thermodynamics III. Energy and metabolism IV. ATP V. Enzymes

More information

Pre-AP Biology Energy Unit Study Guide Part I

Pre-AP Biology Energy Unit Study Guide Part I Pre-AP Biology Energy Unit Study Guide Part I The Law of conservation of matter/mass : matter can not be created or destroyed However, matter may be rearranged in space In chemical reactions, the mass

More information

2-4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

2-4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 2-4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Living things, as you have seen, are made up of chemical compounds-some simple and some complex. But chemistry isn t just what life is made of-chemistry is also what

More information

Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition Tortora Test Bank TEST BANK for Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition by Gerard J.

Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition Tortora Test Bank TEST BANK for Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition by Gerard J. Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition Tortora Test Bank TEST BANK for Introduction to the Human Body, 10th Edition by Gerard J. Tortora Test Bank for all chapters are included. Download link: https://testbankreal.com/download/introduction-human-body-10thedition-kindle-edition-test-bank-tortora/

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism Edited by Shawn Lester PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley

More information

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry. Question Type: Multiple Choice. 1) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry. Question Type: Multiple Choice. 1) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? Microbiology Principles and Explorations 9th Edition Black TEST BANK Full clear download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/microbiology-principles-explorations- 9th-edition-black-test-bank/ Microbiology

More information

Warm-Up. Describe what happens to an enzyme placed at high temperatures.

Warm-Up. Describe what happens to an enzyme placed at high temperatures. Warm-Up Describe what happens to an enzyme placed at high temperatures. Food (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) is essentially many carbon atoms bound together. Food (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins)

More information

3.1 Metabolism and Energy

3.1 Metabolism and Energy 3.1 Metabolism and Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell To transform matter and energy Step-by-step sequences metabolic pathways Metabolic Pathways Anabolic reactions Build large molecules

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism AP Biology Reading Guide Name Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Concept 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 1. Define metabolism. 2.

More information

Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of. Organization. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of. Organization. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 2: Organization The Chemical Level of Introduction Since chemicals compose your body and all body activities are chemical in nature, it is important to become familiar with the language and fundamental

More information

BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES - UNIT 2-

BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES - UNIT 2- BIOCHEMISTRY NOTES - UNIT 2- ATOMS - the basic unit of matter. Contains subatomic particles o (+ charge) o (no charge/neutral) o (- charge) Protons and neutrons have about the same mass. Electrons are

More information

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Chemical Level of Organization PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Meg Flemming Austin Community College C H A P T E R 2 The Chemical Level of Organization Chapter 2 Learning Outcomes 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 Describe an atom and how atomic

More information

Review_Unit 2 Biochemistry

Review_Unit 2 Biochemistry Review_Unit 2 Biochemistry Basic Chemistry 1. What is an element? A substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles. 2. What are atoms? The smallest part of an element that still maintains

More information

Chapter 6 # METABOLISM PowerPoint Image Slideshow

Chapter 6 # METABOLISM PowerPoint Image Slideshow COLLEGE BIOLOGY PHYSICS Chapter 6 # METABOLISM Chapter Title PowerPoint Image Slideshow Figure 8.1 Metabolism Figure 6.2 Energy from the sun. Plants photosynthesis Herbivores eat those plants Carnivores

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from

More information

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. February 24 th, 2012

Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes. February 24 th, 2012 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes February 24 th, 2012 1 Outline Forms of Energy Laws of Thermodynamics Metabolic Reactions ATP Metabolic Pathways Energy of Activation Enzymes Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

More information

Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes to Life

Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes to Life BIOL 164 Human Biology Ch 2 Chemistry Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes to Life Basic Chemistry Helps Us Understand Human Biology Chemistry Science of the composi9on and proper9es of ma:er Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,

More information

Enzymes are macromolecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst

Enzymes are macromolecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst Chapter 8.4 Enzymes Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers Even though a reaction is spontaneous (exergonic) it may be incredibly slow Enzymes cause hydrolysis to occur at a faster

More information

Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 1-5

Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 1-5 Chapter 5 Ground Rules of Metabolism Sections 1-5 5.1 A Toast to Alcohol Dehydrogenase In the liver, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down toxic ethanol to acetaldehyde, an organic molecule even

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece 6 An Introduction to Metabolism Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge Overview: The Energy of Life The

More information

An Introduction to Metabolism

An Introduction to Metabolism An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 8 Objectives Distinguish between the following pairs of terms: catabolic and anabolic pathways; kinetic and potential energy; open and closed systems; exergonic and

More information

Chemical Reac+ons and Enzymes. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chemical Reac+ons and Enzymes. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Lesson Overview Chemical Reac+ons and Enzymes Lesson Overview 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes THINK ABOUT IT Living things are made up of chemical compounds, but chemistry isn t just what life is made

More information

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism

Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism Name Period Concept 8.1 An organism s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics 1. Define metabolism. 2. There are two types of reactions in metabolic pathways: anabolic

More information