ULTRA FAST HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING A CORE-SHELL COLUMN

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1 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica ñ Drug Research, Vol. 74 No. 6 pp. 1637ñ1643, 2017 ISSN Polish Pharmaceutical Society ULTRA FAST HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE USING A CORE-SHELL COLUMN KAMIL CZERNIAK, JUDYTA CIELECKA-PIONTEK and PRZEMYS AW ZALEWSKI* Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, PoznaÒ, Poland Abstrakt: The stability-indicating LC assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in the presence of degradation products formed during the forced degradation studies. An isocratic, RP-HPLC method was developed with C-18 coreñshell silica particles (100 mm 2.10 mm, 2.6 µm) stationary phase and 0.1% formic acid ñ acetonitrile (90 : 10 v/v) as a mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.5 ml/min. Detection wavelength was 313 nm and temperature was 30 O C. Ranitidine hydrochloride was subjected to stress conditions of degradation in aqueous solutions including hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and in the solid state. The developed method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity and robustness. The method was applied successfully for identification and determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and during kinetic studies. Keywords: method validation, stability-indicating method, ranitidine hydrochloride Ranitidine hydrochloride (RTD) is an antiulcer drug that has been widely used in in treatment of peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (1-4). It is poorly absorbed from the lower gastrointestinal tract and has a short elimination half-life 2-3 h (1). RTD is chemically stable. It undergoes protonation in aqueous solutions with generation of different ionic forms depending on the ph of the solution (5). RTD is degraded under the influence of oxidative agents (6, 7) and products of degradation are N-oxides, S-oxides and desmethylranitidine (8). Under the influence of high temperature and mild oxidative agent, only the S-oxide is generated (7). The rate of degradation depends on the presence of metal ions, suspended particles and oxygen (9, 10). RTD is vulnerable to degradation under the influence of light (11). Ranitidine is degraded in direct photolysis with a half-life of 35 min under noon summertime sunlight at 45 O latitude (11). They are many analytical methods for RTD determination. Titrimetric (11, 12), UV-Vis spectrophotometric (6, 7, 12-18), IR spectrometric (19, 20), atomic absorption spectrometric (20) and chemiluminometric method (21) were previously described. Mercury-coated platinum ultramicroeletrode in the electrochemical reduction of RTD and its use in determination of ranitidine in pharmaceutical formulations using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were described (22). There are many analytical methods for RTD determination in the presence of its metabolites: capillary zone electrophoresis (23, 24), RP-HPLC with UV (25-28) and fluorescence detectors (29), LC-MS (30-34) and TLC techniques (35, 36). Developed chromatographic method had many disadvantages like significant organic solvent consumption or incompatible to HPLC-MS water phase. The aim of this work was to develop and validate HPLC method with UV detection suitable for identification, determination, dissolution and stability study of ranitidine hydrochloride and its degradation products. EXPERIMENTAL Chemicals, reagents, and solutions Ranitidine hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Sp. z.o.o. Poznan, Poland. It is white or pale yellow, crystalline powder freely soluble in water. All other chemicals and solvents were obtained from Merck KGaA (Germany) and were of * Corresponding author: pzalewski@ump.edu.pl, tel

2 1638 KAMIL CZERNIAK et al. analytical grade. High quality pure water was prepared by using the Millipore purification system (Millipore, Molsheim, France, model Exil SA 67120). Instrumentation HPLC Dionex Ultimate 3000 analytical system (Thermo Scientific, Sunnyvale, USA) consisted of a quaternary pump, an autosampler, a column oven and diode array detector was used. As the stationary phase a Kinetex RP-18 column, 2.6 µm coreñshell silica particles, 100 mm 2.10 mm (Phenomenex, Torrance, USA) was used. The mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid ñ acetonitrile (90 : 10 v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.5 ml/ min and the injection volume was 1 µl. The wavelength of the DAD detector was set at 313 nm. Separation was performed at 30 O C. Photodegradation stability studies were performed using Suntest CPS + (Atlas Æ ) with filter Solar ID65. Procedure for forced degradation study of ranitidine hydrochloride Stability tests were performed according to International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines (31). Degradation in aqueous solutions The degradation of RTD in aqueous solutions was studied in hydrochloric acid (1 M L -1 ) at 363 K, in sodium hydroxide (0.2 M L -1 ) at 363 K and in water at 363 K. Degradation was initiated by dissolving an accurately weighed 5.0 mg of RTD in 25.0 ml of the solution equilibrated to desired temperature in stoppered flasks. At specified times, samples of the reaction solutions were instantly cooled with a mixture of ice and water. Oxidative degradation Degradation was initiated by dissolving an accurately weighed 5.0 mg of RTD in 25.0 ml solution of 3% H 2 O 2 equilibrated at 363 K. Then, the procedure was similar like during degradation in aqueous solutions. Thermal degradation 5 mg aliquots of RTD were weighed into glass vials. In order to test the influence of such environmental factors as temperature and relative air humidity (RH), the samples were placed in desiccator containing saturated solutions of zinc sulfate (RH~90.0%) that was in incubator (Wamed, Warsaw, Poland) set to the desired temperature (363 K). To evaluate the stability of RTD in dry air, the vials containing 5.0 mg of this substance were immersed in a sand bath placed in a heat chamber at 383 K. At specified time intervals, determined by the rate of degradation, the vials were removed, cooled to room temperature and their contents were dissolved in mixture acetonitrile and water (1 : 1 v/v). The obtained solutions were quantitatively transferred into measuring flasks and diluted with the same mixture of solvents to 25.0 ml. UV degradation 5.0 mg of RTD were accurately weighed, dissolved in 25.0 ml of water and then solution was exposed to 6.0 million lux h in quartz cuvette. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It was observed that satisfactory resolution of RTD (retention time min.) and their degradation products (retention time from to min.) formed under various stress conditions was achieved when analysis of stressed samples were performed on an HPLC system using a C-18 column and a mobile phase composed of 90 volumes of 0.1% formic acid and 10 volumes of acetonitrile. The detection was carried out at 313 nm. The mobile phase flow rate was 0.5 ml/min. Typical retention times of RTD were about min (Fig. 1). Peak asymmetry was The UHPLC system pressure was 41.2 MPa. Resolution between the peaks of RTD and each of degradation products was at least 1.5. Finally, the developed the UHPLC-DAD method meets the criteria environment-friendly approach to drug analysis achieved by reducing the consumption of solvents and very short time of analysis. It should be noticed that the short time of analysis allowed to suitable resolution of separation of RTD and its degradation products. Moreover, high sensitivity of RTD determination was achieved. The developed UHPLC-DAD method is a good ìgreenî alternative to HPLC- DAD method, which ones were developed previously for determination of RTD and its degradation products (25-28). Method validation HPLC method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. The method was validated for parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness.

3 Ultra fast HPLC method for determination of Selectivity The selectivity was examined for non-degraded and degraded samples (the solutions of RTD after stress conditions of hydrolysis (acid, base and neutral), photolysis, oxidation (H 2 O 2 ) and thermal degradation. The HPLC method for determination of RTD was found selective in the presence of degradation products as shown in Figure 1. Peaks were symmetrical, clearly separated from each other (Fig. 1). Linearity Linearity was evaluated in the concentration (c) range 0.02 ñ 0.24 mg/ml (10 ñ 120% of the nominal concentration of RTD during degradation studies). The samples of each solution were injected three times and each series comprised 11 experimental points. The calibration plots were linear in the following concentration range 0.02 ñ 0.24 mg/ml (n = 11, r = ). The calibration curve was described by the equation y = ac + b; y = ( ± 2.25) c ñ Statistical analysis using Mandelís fitting test confirmed linearity of the calibration curves. Accuracy, as recovery test The accuracy of the method was determined by recovering ranitidine hydrochloride from the placebo. The recovery test was performed at three levels 50%, 100% and 120% of the nominal concentration of ranitidine hydrochloride during degradation studies. Three samples were prepared for each recovery level. The solutions were analyzed and the percentage of recoveries was calculated. Precision Precision of the assay was determined in relation to repeatability (intra-day) and intermediate precision (inter-day). In order to evaluate the repeatability of the methods six samples were determined during the same day for three concentrations of RTD. Intermediate precision was studied comparing the assays performed on two different days. Table 1. Intra-day, inter-day precision (n = 6) and recovery studies (n = 3) Spiked concentration Measured concentration ± S.D (mg ml -1 ) (mg ml -1 ) RSD (%) Intra-day precision ± ± ± Inter-day precision ± Recovery studies Spiked concentration Measured concentration ± S.D (mg ml -1 ) (mg ml -1 ) Recovery (%) 0.10 (~ 50 %) 0.10 ± (~ 100%) 0.20 ± (~ 120%) 0.24 ± Table 2. Results of forced degradation studies. Stress conditions and time studies Degradation [%] Acidic (1 M L -1 HCl; 363 K; 24 h) Basic (0.2 M L -1 NaOH; 363 K; 30 min) Neutral (363 K; 19 days) Oxidizing (3% H 2 O 2 ; 363 K; 24 h) Thermal (solid state; 363 K; RH~0%; 50 days) Thermal (solid state; 363 K; RH~90.0%; 25 h) million lux h (solution) 26.71

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5 Ultra fast HPLC method for determination of Figure 1. The HPLC chromatograms of RTD: A in bulk substance, B after 19 days incubation at 363 K in water, C after 48 days incubation at 383 K and RH~0%, D after 25 h incubation at 363 K and RH~90%, E after 50 h incubation at 363 K and RH~90%, F after 24 hours incubation at 363 K in 0.1 M L -1 HCl and G after 5 days incubation at 363 K in 0.1 M L -1 HCl The intra-day and inter-day precision values of measured concentration of ranitidine hydrochloride, as calculated from linearity plots are given in Table 1. The RSD values were 0.15 and 0.38%, respectively, demonstrating that the method was precise. Good recoveries were obtained for each concentration, confirming that the method was accurate (Table 1). Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) The LOD and LOQ parameters were determined from the regression equation of RTD: LOD = 3.3 S y /a, LOQ = 10 S y /a; where S y is a standard error and a is the slope of the corresponding calibration curve.

6 1642 KAMIL CZERNIAK et al. Under applied chromatographic conditions, the LOD of RTD was mg/ml and LOQ of ranitidine hydrochloride was mg/l. Robustness The robustness of the procedure was evaluated after changing the following parameters: the composition of the mobile phase (content of acetonitrile in the range 8ñ12%), the mobile phase flow rate (flow rate in the range 0.4ñ0.6 ml/min) and wavelength of absorption (in the range 310ñ316 nm), temperature (30 ± 2 O C). For each parameter change its influence on the retention time, resolution, area and asymmetry of peak was evaluated. No significant changes in resolution and shapes of peak, areas of peak and retention time were observed when above parameters were modified. Modifications of the composition of the mobile phase: polar-to-non-polar component ratio and ph resulted in the essential changes of retention time and resolution in determination of ranitidine hydrochloride. Result of forced degradation experiments During stability studies degradation of 20ñ80% should be achieved for establishing stability-indicating nature of the assay method. In the case of degradation in solvents, more significant degradation of RTD was observed at basic than acidic and neutral hydrolysis. While oxidizing factor influenced the most strongly on degradation of RTD. In previously papers, it was confirmed that under the influence of oxidative agents N-oxides, S-oxides and desmethylranitidine were formed as degradation products (7). Photodegradation of RTD was observed after exposition on 6.0 million lux h (solution). RTD was quite resistant for degradation in the solid state. At increased RH the degradation was much faster than in dry air. Moreover, the presence of two degradation products of RTD in those conditions of degradation was reported. They had the same times of retentions such degradation products which were formed during acidic hydrolysis. While one degradation product was observed on the chromatogram of RTD degradation in dry air at 383K. It is possible to suggest, based on previously studies, that S-oxide product was formed in the this degradation conditions (8). The results of forced degradations in various conditions are summarized in Table 2. CONCLUSION The isocratic RP-LC method developed for the analysis of ranitidine hydrochloride in their pharmaceutical preparations is selective, precise and accurate. The method is useful for routine analysis due to short run time and low amounts of used solvents (acetonitrile) in mobile phase. Water phase of developed method is compatible to HPLC-MS and can be used for identification of degradation products. Acknowledgment This study was supported by SONATA grant from the National Science Centre Poland (UMO- 2013/09/D/NZ7/02525) REFERENCES 1. Zhou H.Y., Chen X.G., Liu C.S., Meng X.H., Liu C.G. et al.: Drug Deliv. 13, 261 (2006). 2. Harvey R.A., P.C Champe, Marry J.: In LippincottÌs Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia Budavari S.: in The Merck Index. USA, Merck Co. Inc., White House Station, NJ Therapeutic Drugs, 2nd edn., p. C215, Dollery C. Ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh Dumanovic D., Juranic I., Dzelovic D., Vasic V.M., Jovanovic J.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15, 1667 (1997). 6. Darwish I.A., Hussein S.A., Mahmoud A.M., Hassan A. I.: Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 69, 33 (2008). 7. Amin A.S., Ahmed I.S., Dessouki H.A., Gouda E.A.: Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 59, 695 (2003). 8. Chung W.-G., Park C.-S., Roh H.-K., Lee W.- K., Cha Y.-N.: Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 84, 213 (2000). 9. Baumgartner T.G., Henderson G.N., Fox J., Gondi U.: Nutrition 13, 547 (1997). 10. Allwood M.C., Martin H.: Clin. Nutr. 14, 171 (1995). 11. Latch D.E., Stender B.L., Packer J.L., Arnold W.A., McNell K.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 3342 (2003). 12. Basavaiah K., Nagegowda P.: Farmaco 59, 147 (2004). 13. Basavaiah K., Nagegowda P., Ramakrishna V.: Sci. Asia 31, 207 (2005). 14. Issaa Y.M., Youssef A.F.A., Mutair A.A.: Farmaco 60, 541 (2005). 15. Hassan E.M., Belal F.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 27, 31 (2002). 16. Perez-Ruiz T., Martinez-Lozano C., Tomas V., Sanz A., Sahuquillo E.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 26, 609 (2001). 17. Rosa S.S., Barata P.A., Martins J.M., Menzes J.C.: Talanta 75, 725 (2008).

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