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2 Effect of Different Treatment on the Efficiency of Electrokinetic Removal of From a Contaminated Clay Soil H Beyrami 1*, MR Neyshabouri 2, S Oustan 2 and H Ramazanzadeh 1 1 Former Graduate Students, Soil Science Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2 Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran *Corresponding author: beyrami.h@hotmail.com Abstract Electrokinetic soil remediation is an innovative method for decontamination of heavy metals from polluted soils. In this research a clayey soil spiked with at the concentration of 350 mg/kg used to investigate electrokinetic remediation at pilot-scale with different treatments. Nitric acid (0.1 M), acetic acid (0.1 M), (0.01 M) and deionized water (at the two different applied initial electrical current densities, 30 and 150 ma) were used as the experimented treatments. All treatments were imposed with a constant voltage gradient of 1 V/cm for 120 hours. Among these treatments, showed the highest removal efficiency (more than 55%); maximum percent of local removal along the column reached to 74%. Nitric acid and acetic acid produced similar results; mean removal percentage became about 15%. Efficiency of electrokinetic remediation increased about 12% and reached to 20% by increasing current density from 30 to 150 ma. Further, the changes in along the soil columns after the experiment run (120 hours), showed an increasing trend from anode to cathode. Keywords: Acetic acid, Decontamination,, Electrokinetic remediation, Nitric acid, Zinc 1 Electrokinetic remediation 2 In situ remediation -

3 - +2 a b 4 Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid 1 Ion electromigration 2 Electro-osmosis 3 Electrophoresis

4 EC (ds/m) CEC (cmol c /kg) mg/l 2 1 T 5 T 4 T 3 T 4 5 T 2 T 1 ma T 5 T 3 PVC V/cm T 1 HNO 3 (0.1 M) T 2 CH 3COOH (0.1 M) T 3 (0.01 M) T 4 T 5 H 2O (dw)* H 2O (dw) distilled water 1 Catholyte 2 Anolyte 3 Multimeter

5 5 T 5

6 CO 3 H + mg/kg CH 3 COOH HNO 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 a a OH - H +

7 T 4 HNO 3 T 5 CH 3 COOH OH - H +

8 + OH - HNO 3 T 4 HNO 3 T 5 CH 3 COOH

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11 Acar YB and Alshawabkeh AN, Electrokinetic Remediation I: Pilot scale tests with leadspiked Kaolinite. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 122 (3): Acar YB, Alshawabkeh AN and Parker RA, Theoretical and experimental modeling of multispecies transport in soils under electric fields. EPA/600/R-97/054. Altin A and Degirmenci M, Lead (II) removal from natural soils by enhanced electrokinetic remediation. Science of the Total Environment 337: Amrate S and Akretche DE, Modeling enhanced electrokinetic remediation of lead contaminated soils. Chemosphere 60: Chung HI and Kang BH, Lead removal from contaminated marine clay by electrokinetic soil decontamination. Engineering Geology 53: Gregolec G, Roehl KE and Czurda K, Electrokinetic techniques. Umweltbundesamt/Federal Environment Agency, Austria Kornilovich B, Mishchuk N, Abbruzzese K, Pshinko G and Klishchenko R, Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of metals-contaminated clay. Colloids and surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 265: Lee HH and Yang JW, A new method to control electrolytes by circulation system in electrokinetic soil remediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials B77: Maturi K and Reddy KR, Cosolvent-enhanced desorption and transport of heavy metals and organic contaminants in soils during electrokinetic remediation. Water Air Soil Pollut 189: Mewett JR, Electrokinetic remediation of arsenic contaminated soils. Submitted for degree of Master of Engineering Science, School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, Australia. Muralidhara HS, Jirjis BF, Stulen FB, Wickramanayake GB, Gill A and Hinchee RE, Development of electro-acoustic soil decontamination (ESD) process in applications. EPA Technical Report 540/5-86/004, Ohio. USA. Ottosen, L.M., Hansen, H.K., Ribeiro, A.B., and Villumsen, A Removal of Cu, Pb and in an applied electric field in calcareous and non-calcareous soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B85: Pe iulyt D, Repe kien J, Levinskait L, Lugauskas A, Motuzas A and Prosy evas I, Growth and metal accumulation ability of plants in soil polluted with Cu, and Pb. Kulogija. 1: Pedersen AJ, Evaluation of assisting agents for electrodialytic removal of Cd, Pb,, Cu and Cr from MSWI fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials B95:

12 Reddy KR and Chinthamreddy S, Electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils under reducing environments. Waste Management 19: Reddy KR, Saichek RE, Maturi K and Ala P, Effects of soil moisture and heavy metal concentrations on electrokinetic remediation. Indian Geotechnical Journal 32 (2): Sah JG and Chen JY, Study of the electrokinetic process on Cd and Pb spiked soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials 58: Sposito G, Lund LJ and Chang AC, Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone fields soil amended with sewage sludge. 1. Fractionation of Ni, Cu,, Cd and Pb in solid phases. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: Zhou DM, Deng CF, Alshawabkeh AN and Cang L, 2005a. Effects of catholyte conditioning on electrokinetic extraction of copper from mine tailings. Environment International 31: Zhou DM, Deng CF, Cang L and Alshawabkeh AN, 2005b. Electrokinetic remediation of a Cu contaminated red soil by controlling the voltage and conditioning catholyte. Chemosphere 61:

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