PSN Chapter 13 Multi-format Test

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1 Name: Class: Date: ID: A PSN Chapter 13 Multi-format Test Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. Two negative charges will attract one another. _ 2. The smallest quantity of electric charge that can be found in ordinary matter is represented by the letter c. _ 3. The majority of ordinary matter has a net charge of zero. _ 4. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the mass number. _ 5. The tiny core of an atom containing most of the mass of the atom is the neutron. _ 6. The nucleus of an atom that spontaneously breaks up to emits particles or pure energy may be called radioactive. _ 7. The strongest force in the universe is gravity. _ Completion Complete each statement. Select the correct term to complete each sentence. There are extra terms in the list. alpha beta spectroscope neutral charged isotopes strong nuclear gravitational weak 8. When the total charge on an object is zero, the object is electrically. 9. Atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers are described as. 10. The force which holds the nucleus together is the _ force. 11. The radioactive decay of an atom resulting in the decrease in the atomic number with no change in the atomic mass is decay. 12. The instrument used to separate the light given off by electrons into different colors is called a _. 13. The number of electrons that may be held in the third energy level of an atom is. 1

2 Name: ID: A Matching For the following element, match the letter with the type of information given. 14. name of element 15. symbol 16. atomic number Short Answer 17. How do electric and gravitational forces differ? 18. How is the atom of one element different from the atom of another element? 19. Where would a particle with a charge of +e be found in an atom? 20. A bismuth atom which contains 83 protons and 127 neutrons decays to produce an atom of polonium with a mass number of 210 and 84 protons. What type of decay does bismuth experience? 21. Of the three sub-atomic particles: electrons, protons and neutrons, which determines most of the properties of an element? 22. Two electrons, A and B, are temporarily raised to different energy levels. As they fall back toward the nucleus, A emits green light and B emits red light. Which electron has more energy before falling toward the nucleus? 23. In general, where are the highest energy electrons in an atom found? Problem 24. The mass number for an isotope of oxygen is 17 and the atomic number is 8. How many neutrons are present in this isotope of oxygen? 25. Uranium, with 92 protons and 146 neutrons, undergoes alpha decay and becomes thorium. How many protons and neutrons are present in the isotope of thorium produced by this decay? 26. A lead atom, with 82 protons and 128 neutrons, decays to produce an atom of bismuth with a mass number of 210. How many neutrons are in the nucleus of the isotope of bismuth produced? 2

3 Name: ID: A 27. Using the diagram below as a model, represent the electron energy levels of a fluorine atom, atomic number 9. Essay 28. Describe the difference between an electron and a proton. In your description tell (1) where each is found in the nucleus (2) the charge, if any, on each and (3) how their masses compare. 29. When a gas is heated, it may give off light. Explain how a scientist might identify the element or elements from which the gas is made. 30. Describe how Heisenberg s uncertainty principle applies to describing the variables of the quantum world. 31. What causes an electron to emit light? 3

4 PSN Chapter 13 Multi-format Test Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F, repel DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P5c 2. ANS: F, e DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P5c 3. ANS: T DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P5c 4. ANS: T DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1a 5. ANS: F, nucleus DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1a 6. ANS: T DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1a 7. ANS: F strong nuclear force the strong nuclear force DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S85a COMPLETION 8. ANS: neutral DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P5c 9. ANS: isotopes DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 10. ANS: strong nuclear DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P3a 11. ANS: alpha DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 12. ANS: spectroscope DIF: basic REF: section 13.2 STA: S8P4b 13. ANS: 8 1

5 MATCHING 14. ANS: C DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 15. ANS: A DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 16. ANS: B DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f SHORT ANSWER 17. ANS: Electric forces may be attractive or repulsive. Gravitational forces are attractive only. DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P5a 18. ANS: Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons in the nucleus. DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 19. ANS: In the nucleus. DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1a 20. ANS: beta decay DIF: advanced REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 21. ANS: electrons DIF: basic REF: section 13.2 STA: S8P1a 22. ANS: electron A 23. ANS: On average, as you move farther away from the nucleus, the energy level of electrons increases. DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.2 STA: S8P1a PROBLEM 24. ANS: The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number; 9 neutrons DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 2

6 25. ANS: During alpha decay, 2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted as an alpha particle, reducing the number of each by 2; 90 protons and 144 neutrons DIF: advanced REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 26. ANS: When beta decay occurs, the mass number is unchanged but one neutron is lost, changed to a proton that remains in the nucleus, increasing the atomic number by one, and one electron that is emitted from the nucleus. The number of neutrons is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number, the number of protons; 127 neutrons DIF: advanced REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1f 27. ANS: ESSAY 28. ANS: (1) The proton is found in the nucleus, the electron orbits outside the nucleus. (2) The proton has a positive charge and the electron a negative charge. (3) The proton is 1835 times more massive than the electron. DIF: basic REF: section 13.1 STA: S8P1a 29. ANS: The light from the gas, when examined with a spectroscope, will produce a bright line spectrum. The spectrum for each element is unique to that element and allows the scientist to identify the elements in the gas. 30. ANS: The uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know all the variables exactly in the quantum world. This comes about because the quantum world is so small that you need to interact with the particles in order to observe them, and once you ve interacted with them, you ve changed the system you re trying to observe. For example, in determining the location of a particle, you must change its location and you don t know where exactly it is anymore. DIF: intermediate REF: section 13.2 STA: S8P1a 3

7 31. ANS: When an electron absorbs energy equal to the difference between two energy levels, the electron will move, temporarily, to the higher energy level. As it falls back to a lower energy level, it will emit light exactly equal to the difference between the levels from which it falls and the level to which it falls. DIF: advanced REF: section 13.2 STA: S8P2c 4

13.1 Fundamental Particles and Forces

13.1 Fundamental Particles and Forces Scientists once believed atoms were the smallest particles of matter. With the advancement of technology, it became clear that atoms themselves are made of simpler