Unit 4. Answers Marks Examiner s tips. 1 a) order with respect to A = 1 order with respect to B = 2. b) i) rate = k [C][D] 2 1
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1 a) order with respect to A = order with respect to B = b) i) rate = k [C][D] k = (.5 0 ) ( ) Rate =.3 mol dm 6 s 3 If you place the units in the equation and cancel them out as you would with numbers, your answer will have the correct units. a) i) electrophilic addition CH 3 CH=CH CH 3 The structure must show the C=C bond to which the HBr has added. b) nucleophilic substitution 4 Three marks are for the curly arrows and one is for the structure with the N +. If you do not show the lone pair on the N of ammonia you will lose the mark for the curly arrow drawn from the ammonia molecule. c) i) C 4 H 9 Br C 4 H N M r = 37 and M r = = % = =.85 g 3 If you achieve the correct answer of.85g, you should be awarded full marks. Further substitution can happen. Hint: you can say G reacts with F or there is a further reaction to form secondary and tertiary amines. Other products formed does not merit a mark. d) 4 peaks, a = doublet, b= triplet 3 e) i) AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009
2 i You must count the different environments of the hydrogens. Each environment has a different peak. 3 a) i) A The 650 is a C=C bond. B Do not allow incorrect structures, e.g. with H on all the Cs in the ring like this: Or showing all H s, i.e. Methylcyclopentane is allowed. C You could write this as (CH 3 ) 3 CCHO but not as (CH 3 ) 3 CCOH. D Formula allowed, e.g C H 5 COC H 5 i E CH 3 CH COOH AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009
3 F HCOOCH CH 3 This can be written as HCO CH CH 3. iv) G Any of the following are answers: CH 3 CH=CHCH CH CH 3 CH 3 CH=CHCH(CH 3 ) CH 3 CH CH=CHCH CH 3 You must show C=C in alkenes. H There must be 4 different groups around the C. v) I v) J b) i) 5 Each H must be in a completely different environment. a singlet b triplet AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009 3
4 4 a) i) N-methylpropanamide nucleophilic addition-elimination 4 Each curly arrow gives one mark (M, M, M3 and M4). You could put C H 5 so the minimum formula you could write would be (C H 5 CO) O. i [CH 3 CH CONHCH + 3 ] CH 3 CH CO + + CH 3 NH 3 You can put C 4 H 9 NO + as the first species. There is one mark for each correct species. b) nucleophilic addition 4 reagent: H /Ni type of reaction: hydrogenation or reduction You could have Na/ethanol or LiAlH 4 as the reagent in a reduction reaction. 5 a) i) proton donor completely dissociated in solution b) i) = log [H + ] This is a definition that is often asked for. AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009 4
5 i 0.85 You can obtain this from your answer to i). iv) ph =, so [H + ] = 0.0 mol dm 3 ( ) vol = 0.0 = dm 3 or 70.5 cm 3 3 You must put the correct units. They are necessary for the correct answer. c) i) K a = + [H ][X ] [HX] You cannot have + [H ] [HX] K a = + [H ] HX 5 [H + ] = = ph =.40 d) i) [H + ] = K a = [H + ][NaY]/[HY] K a = pk a = If your K a expression is wrong you can score a max of in this part for correct calculation of ph from your [H + ]. If you write but forget to take the square root this gives ph = 4.8 which can get a maximum of two marks in this part. 4 If you use the wrong method you can get no further marks in d i). effect = none or negligible or a very small decrease You cannot just say ph goes down it must be a very small decrease. Salt or Y reacts with extra H +. Equilibrium LHS. shifts to Any one of these three answers is allowed for the first explanation mark here. H + is removed as equilibrium shifts to LHS. [H + [HY] ] or ratio or ratio [Y ] remains almost constant. [Y ] [HY] This mark can only be scored if the first explanation mark is correct. AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009 5
6 6 a) i) Si(CH 3 ) 4 is allowed. inert /non toxic/volatile/low boiling point/single intense peak/signal upfield of others/protons/very shielded Do not allow cheap. b) The molecule is symmetrical. c) i) a = quartet or 4 b = triplet or cm Use Table in the data section. d) i) butane-,4-diol condensation 3 The ester group and the (CH ) 3 are worth one mark each. You must have both carbon chains and ester group to gain any marks. e) i) 6H present Accept CH 3 groups. ROCH 3 i CH 3 CH iv) AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009 6
7 7 a) see tables below. 6 a i) You could have any of the following reagents Na CO 3 / NaHCO 3 UI litmus PCl 5 PCl 3 SOCl Suitable metal K Cr O 7 /H + KMnO 4 /H + P no reaction no reaction no reaction no reaction turns green colourless or brown Q effervescence or CO or dissolves red fumes effervescence or H or dissolves no reaction stays orange no reaction stays purple You could have any of the following reagents H O AgNO 3 Na CO 3 / NaHCO 3 both should be aqueous Named alcohol Named amine or ammonia UI litmus R S misty fumes no reaction white effervescence smell or fumes fumes red ppt no ppt no reaction no reaction no reaction no reaction b) i) One of any of the following reducing agents Sn or Fe/HCl Sn or Fe/H SO 4 H /Ni HCl can be dilute or concentrated. H SO 4 is dilute. You could also have NaBH 4, LiAlH 4 or Na/C H 5 OH. You can have 3H instead of 6[H]. The organic species gives one mark and the balanced equation gives one mark. nucleophilic substitution You do not need to show Br. AQA Chemistry A Nelson Thornes Ltd 009 7
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