Molecular interaction studies of acrylic esters with alcohols
|
|
- Stanley McCormick
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 43, December 2005, pp Molecular interaction studies of acrylic esters with alcohols P Sivagurunathan*, K Dharmalingam & K Ramachandran Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu Received 9 March 2005; revised 22 August 2005; accepted 27 September 2005 Hydrogen bonding between alcohols and acrylic esters in benzene has been studied by FTIR spectroscopic method. Utilizing Nash method the formation constant of the : complexes has been calculated. The formation constant and free energy change values vary with alcohol and ester chain length, which suggests that the proton donating ability of alcohols is in the order: -propanol < -butanol < -pentanol and the accepting ability of acrylic esters is in the order: methyl methacrylate < ethyl methacrylate < butyl methacrylate. Keywords: Molecular interactions, FTIR spectroscopy, Esters, Alcohols, Hydrogen bonding IPC Code: G0J3/28, C07C23/00 Introduction Acrylic esters are industrially important chemicals and precursors in the synthesis of polymers. The interaction study between associated and nonassociated liquids in benzene gives valuable information about solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions. Infrared study of alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates in CHCl 3 and/or CCl 4 solutions have been reported by Nyquist and Streck 2. Smith and Rosenberg 3 have calculated the equilibrium constant of aliphatic ester-alcohols systems. Sastry and Dave 4,5 have measured the excess volumes, isentropic compressibilities, and dielectric behaviour of fifteen binary mixtures of alkyl (methyl, ethyl and butyl) methacrylates with several alkanols at K. Sastry and Valand 6 have measured the excess volumes of mixtures of alkyl (methyl, ethyl and butyl) acrylates with several alkanols at different temperatures. Werner et al. 7 have calculated the equilibrium constants and free energy changes for indole and diethylacetamide, indole and ethyl acetate, diphenylamine and diethylacetamide, diphenylamine and ethyl acetate and t-butanol and diethylacetamide in benzene. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the hydrogen bonding between free hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of alcohol and acrylic ester in benzene. 2 Experimental Details A Nicolet Avatar 360 FTIR spectrometer with a resolution of ± cm - was used. Spectra were recorded at room temperature (298 K) in the region of 4000 to 400 cm - and NaCl cell of path length 0. mm was used. The spectrometer possesses autoalign energy optimization and dynamically aligned interferometer. It is fitted with a KBr beam splitter, a DTGS-Detector and Everlgo TM mid-ir source. The processing menu contains a spectra subtraction for eliminating solvent peaks in a spectrum of a sample that is dissolved in a solvent. A base line correction was made for the spectra recorded. The alkyl methacrylate monomers of molecular weights 00.2 (methyl methacrylate), 4.5 (ethyl methacrylate) and (butyl methacrylate) used in this investigation were purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification. AR grade benzene and alcohols were purified by standard methods 8,9. 2. Calculation of spectral parameters The spectral parameters are calculated by the following relations Δν=ν f -ν b () where Δν is the frequency difference between the free monomeric O-H and bonded O-H bands and ν f and ν b are the frequencies of free monomeric and bonded OH bands, respectively. Half-band width and integrated intensity were determined by the procedure given by Ramsay 0. Integrated intensity B is defined by B = cl I0 loge dν I (2) where, c is the total concentration, moles/liter of proton donor, l the cell length in cm, (l 0 /l), the
2 906 INDIAN J PURE & APPL PHYS, VOL 43, DECEMBER 2005 intensity of light transmitted and ν is the frequency in cm -. From the integrated intensities B in l moles - cm -, the change in dipole moment μ, with the normal coordinate Q, describing the vibration is given by dμ 3c = ± B dq N / 2 (3) where, c is the velocity of light and N is the Avogadro s number. 3 Results and Discussion The observed spectral data of primary alcohols (-propanol, -butanol and -pentanol) with benzene are given in Table. Alcohols in benzene exhibit two hydroxyl bands in the region of cm -, (i.e.) one is due to monomeric (O-H free) and the other is due to polymeric absorption (O-H bonded) and is shown in Fig.. Similar observation was reported by Werner et al. 7 for t-butanol + benzene system, (i.e.) free monomeric O-H band at 3592 cm - and bonded O-H band at 3450 cm -. The specific solute-solvent interaction observed for -alcohol + benzene system (i.e.) the interaction between the π-electron in the benzene ring with H δ in alcohol 2. The free monomeric O-H band frequency (ν f ), frequency difference between the free monomeric O-H and bonded O-H bands (Δν) and half-band width (Δν /2 ) are increasing with increasing carbon chain length of alcohol, whereas the reverse trend is observed for integrated intensity (B) and the change in dipole moment with the normal coordinate ( μ/ Q) values. But the frequency of the polymeric absorption band (3447 cm - ) is not influenced by the alcohol chain length 3-5. The infrared spectra of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) in benzene are shown in Fig 2. From Table 2, the carbonyl absorption band of acrylic esters in benzene is observed in the order of methyl methacrylate > ethyl methacrylate > butyl methacrylate and the same trend is observed for integrated intensity (B) and the change in dipole moment with the normal coordinate ( μ/ Q) and a reverse trend is observed for the half-band width (Δν /2 ) 2,6. The interaction between the lone pair electron of oxygen atom of acrylic ester and the π electron of benzene exist in the system confirm the solute-solvent interaction 2. Table 2 Spectral data of acrylic esters with benzene at 298 K Acrylic ester ν c=o Δν /2 B 0-3 (mol - cm - ) μ/ Q 0-0 (e s u) MMA EMA BMA Alcohol ν f Table Spectral data of primary alcohols in benzene at 298 K ν b Δν Δν /2 B 0-3 (mol - cm - ) μ/ Q 0-0 (e s u) -Propanol Butanol Pentanol Fig. FTIR spectrum of various concentrations of (i) -propanol (ii) -butanol and (iii) -pentanol in benzene at 298 K.
3 SIVAGURUNATHAN et al.: MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES OF ACRYLIC ESTERS WITH ALCOHOLS 907 Fig 2 FTIR spectrum of various concentrations of (i) methyl methacrylate (MMA) (ii) ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and (iii) butyl methacrylate (BMA) in benzene at 298 K Fig. 3 FTIR spectrum of various concentrations of (a) -propanol, (b) -butanol and (c) -pentanol with methyl methacrylate. (i) O-H region and (ii) C=O region at 298 K. Fig. 4 FTIR spectrum of various concentrations of (a) -propanol, (b) -butanol and (c) -pentanol with ethyl methacrylate. (i) O-H region and (ii) C=O region at 298 K. For ternary mixtures, the proton acceptor (acrylic ester) concentration is fixed at molality and proton donor (alcohol) concentration varies from to molality in steps of 0.0 molality. The free O-H band intensity and Δν /2 increase with increasing alcohol concentration but at the same time the reverse trend is observed for the carbonyl absorption band and are shown in Figs 3-5. This observation indicates that there is : complex formation between free hydroxyl and carbonyl group (i.e.) (O-H O=C) (Ref. 3). The spectral data of the characteristic bands of the interactive systems are
4 908 INDIAN J PURE & APPL PHYS, VOL 43, DECEMBER 2005 Fig. 5 FTIR spectrum of various concentrations of (a) -propanol, (b) -butanol and (c) -pentanol with butyl methacrylate. (i) O-H region and (ii) C=O region at 298 K. used for the calculation of formation canstant 7. In this method at low concentration of alcohol the influence of the higher order complexes on the absorption spectrum of base is neglected. The concentrations of the proton donor [A], proton acceptor [B] and complexed species [AB] involved in the interaction are assumed to be obeying Beer s law at a given characteristic frequency of the : complex. The total absorbance per centimeter path of B is given by a= ε b [B] + ε ab [AB] (4) where, ε b and ε ab are the molar absorbtivities of the species B and complexed species AB, respectively. In the absence of a complexing agent A the total absorbance per centimeter is given by a 0 = ε b [B 0 ] where [B 0 ] is the initial concentration of B. Dividing Eq. (4) by Eq. (5) a [ B] [ AB] ε. a B B The formation constant K may be defined as (5) ab = + (6) [ ] [ ] εb Introducing the conservation of species of B [B 0 ]= [B]+[AB] (9) Invoking Eq. (7) one can find that [ B ] 0 = (+K [A]) [ B ] a 0 When Eq. (0) is substituted in Eq. (8) εab + KA [ ] a ε = b + KA [ ] Taking a = a0 ε ab K εb Z and [A] = y (0) () (2) = α (3) [AB] K= [A][B] (7) Eq. () becomes a 0 Combining Eq. (6) and Eq. (7) a [ B] ε = ab [ A] 0 + [ B ] εb (8) Z = + α y (4) K + y
5 SIVAGURUNATHAN et al.: MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES OF ACRYLIC ESTERS WITH ALCOHOLS 909 ZK α y = Z Expressing x = Z (5) Table 3 Formation constant (K) and free energy change (ΔG 0 ) for alcohol-acrylic ester systems at 298 K Proton donor Proton acceptor K ( mol - ) -(ΔG 0 ) (k cal mol - ) -Propanol MMA EMA x = a a 0 BMA Butanol MMA EMA Since Z = a a 0 BMA Pentanol MMA where a and a o are the absorbances of the carbonyl band of acrylic ester in the presence and absence of alcohol, respectively. Eq. (5) rewrite in the form of linear equation as y = x (K -α) K (6) The physical significance of Eq. (6) is quite clear. When the reciprocal of the donor concentration is plotted against the reciprocal of one minus absorbance ratio gives a straight line for : complex formation. In addition to that, the intercept of the plot of y against x gives negative value may confirms : complex. The free energy change (ΔG 0 ) of the systems were calculated using the following relation 8 ΔG 0 = RT ln K (7) where R, T and K represent the universal gas constant, absolute temperature and formation constant of the relative systems, respectively. The formation constant (K) and the free energy change (ΔG 0 ) values for all the systems are given in Table 3. The K and ΔG 0 values for -propanol with all the proton acceptors are found to be lesser than that for -butanol and -pentanol with the same acceptors, which reveal that the proton donating ability of -propanol is lesser than that of -butanol and -pentanol 9. The K and ΔG 0 values for -propanol-methyl methacrylate system are found to be lesser than that of -propanol-ethyl methacrylate and -propanol-butyl methacrylate systems. This may be attributed to the difference in basicity of the alkyl groups, which vary in the order methyl < ethyl < butyl 20,2. This is EMA BMA because the negative inductive effect of the alkyl groups increases in the order methyl to butyl, and the electron contribution of the butyl group to the C=O group is significantly greater than that from the methyl group. Therefore, one would expect that the strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed would be between the C=O group of butyl methacrylate and the OH proton of pentyl alcohol and the weakest between the C=O group of methyl methacrylate and the OH proton of propyl alcohol Conclusion The formation constant and free energy change of primary alcohols (-propanol, -butanol and - pentanol) with acrylic esters (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate) in benzene are carried out. From this study, one may conclude that the proton donating ability of alcohols is in the order of -propanol < -butanol < -pentanol and the proton accepting ability of acrylic esters is in the order: methyl methacrylate < ethyl methacrylate < butyl methacrylate. References Hadjichrisridi N & Fetters N L J, Macromolecules, 7 (984) Nyquist R A & Streck R, Vib Spectrosc, 8 (994) 7. 3 Smith H F & Rosenberg A S, J Chem Soc Part V, (963) Sastry N V & Dave P N, Int J Thermophys, 7 (996) Sastry N V & Dave P N, Indian Acad Sci (Chem Sci), 09 (997) 2. 6 Sastry N V & Valand M K, Phys & Chem Liq, 38 (2000) 6.
6 90 INDIAN J PURE & APPL PHYS, VOL 43, DECEMBER Werner R L, Quinn J M & Haken J K, Spectrochim Acta A, 38 (982) Weissberger A, Technique of Organic Chemistry (Wiley Interscience, New York), Riddick J R & Bunger W B, Organic Solvents (Wiley Interscience, New York), Ramsay D A, J Am Chem Soc, 74 (952) 72. Kirsch J L & Coffin D R, J Phys Chem, 80 (976) Sivagurunathan P, Dharmalingam K & Ramachandran K, Z Phys Chem, 29 (2005). 3 Ibbitson D A & Moore L F, J Chem Soc (B), (967) Van Ness H C, Winkle J V, Richtol H H & Hollinger H S, J Phys Chem, 7 (967) Liddel U & Becker E D, Spectrochim Acta A, 0 (957) Archibald L B & Pullin A D E, Spectrochim Acta A, 2 (958) Nash C P, J Phys Chem, 64 (960) Vinogradov C R H, Hydrogen Bonding (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York), Chandra A K & Basu S, Trans Faraday Soc, 56 (960) Singh A & Saxena M C, J Mol Liq, 25 (983) 8. 2 Singh A, Misra R, Shukla J P & Saxena M C, J Mol Liq, 26 (983) Sivagurunathan P, Dharmalingam K & Ramachandran K, Spectrochim Acta A, (In Press).
FTIR study of hydrogen bonding interactions between alkyl esters and hexanol, p-cresol in carbon tetrachloride
Indian Journal of Pure & pplied Physics Vol. 46, January 2008, pp. 12-19 FTIR study of hydrogen bonding interactions between alkyl esters and hexanol, p-cresol in carbon tetrachloride F Liakath li Khan*,
More informationDIELECTRIC RELAXATION STUDIES OF 1:1 COMPLEXES COMPLEXES OF ALKYL METHACRYLATE WITH PHENOLS DERIVATIVES
http://www.rasayanjournal.com Vol.3, No.4 (2010), 766-771 ISSN: 0974-1496 CODEN: RJCABP DIELECTRIC RELAXATION STUDIES OF 1:1 COMPLEXES OF ALKYL METHACRYLATE WITH PHENOLS DERIVATIVES F. Liakath Ali Khan
More informationDENSITY AND SPEED OF SOUND OF BINARY MIXTURES OF ALIPHATIC ESTERS WITH N-METHYLACETAMIDE AT K
DENSITY AND SPEED OF SOUND OF BINARY MIXTURES OF SOME AT 308.15 K * Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506 009, Andhra Pradesh, India E-mail address: nallani_s@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The
More informationUltrasonic study of n-alkanols in toluene with nitrobenzene
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 47, April 2009, pp. 265-272 Ultrasonic study of n-alkanols in toluene with nitrobenzene S Thirumaran* & J Earnest Jayakumar *Department of Physics, D D E Annamalai
More informationS Sahoo a * & S K Sit b. Received 13 February 2016; revised 9 September 2016; accepted 29 December 2016
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 55, March 2017, pp. 207217 Dielectric relaxation phenomena of alkyl on complexation with phenol dissolved in carbon tetrachloride under static and high frequency
More informationTheoretical evaluation of various thermodynamic properties of acrylates with a higher straight chain alknanol at K
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2014, 5(4):66-73 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Theoretical evaluation of various thermodynamic properties
More informationMolecular Interaction Study of Binary Solutions of n-butyl Acetate and Isopropanol at Various Temperatures
Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering And Science Vol.8, Issue 2 (May 2018), PP -54-59 Issn (e): 2278-4721, Issn (p):2319-6483, www.researchinventy.com Molecular Interaction Study of Binary
More informationIJST. Dielectric Relaxation Studies of 2-Alkoxyethanol with o-anisidine in benzene using frequency domain (X band) technique
_ Dielectric Relaxation Studies of 2-Alkoxyethanol with o-anisidine in benzene using frequency domain (X band) technique J. Udayaseelan #1 F. Liakath Ali Khan #2 G.Jayanthi #3 and G.Pavithra #4 #2 Department
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types
More informationThermodynamics of binary liquid mixtures of acrylates with dodecane-1-ol
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2013, 4(4):242-250 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Thermodynamics of binary liquid mixtures of acrylates with
More informationFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal Ligand Complexes *
OpenStax-CNX module: m34660 1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal Ligand Complexes * Jiebo Li Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons
More informationULTRASONIC INVESTIGATIONS IN A LIQUID MIXTURE OF ETHYLENEGLYCOL WITH n-butanol
ULTRASONIC INVESTIGATIONS IN A LIQUID MIXTURE OF ETHYLENEGLYCOL WITH n-butanol *D.NAGENDRA 1, D. RAMACHANDRAN 2 1 Department of Chemistry, RGUKT(APIIIT), Nuzvid. *Corresponding author : nagendrad.che @gmail.com.
More informationIsentropic Compressibility for Binary Mixtures of Propylene Carbonate with Benzene and Substituted Benzene
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2012.56.1.007 Isentropic Compressibility for Binary Mixtures of Propylene Carbonate with Benzene and
More informationResearch Article. Dielectric and refractive index studies of phenols in carbon tetrachloride, benzene and acetone through excess parameter
Available online wwwjocprcom Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 14, 6():353-358 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Dielectric and refractive index studies of phenols in
More informationChemistry 343- Spring 2008
Chemistry 343- Spring 2008 27 Chapter 2- Representative Carbon Compounds: Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces and IR Spectroscopy A. ydrocarbons: Compounds composed of only C and Four Basic Types:
More informationSPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER
SPECTROSCOPY MEASURES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN LIGHT AND MATTER c = c: speed of light 3.00 x 10 8 m/s (lamda): wavelength (m) (nu): frequency (Hz) Increasing E (J) Increasing (Hz) E = h h - Planck s constant
More informationVolumetric and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons with N-methylacetamide at K
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 47, July 2009, pp. 511-516 Volumetric and transport properties of binary liquid mixtures of aromatic hydrocarbons with N-methylacetamide at 308.15 K B Ranjith
More informationPaper 12: Organic Spectroscopy
Subject Chemistry Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag Paper 12: Organic Spectroscopy 31: Combined problem on UV, IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and Mass - Part III CHE_P12_M31 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
More informationTheoretical Evaluation of Ultrasonic Velocity in Binary Liquid Mixtures of Alcohols [S] + Benzene
International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Online: 2013-09-21 ISSN: 2299-3843, Vol. 7, pp 18-35 doi:10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.7.18 2013 SciPress Ltd., Switzerland Theoretical Evaluation
More informationUltrasonic Studies of Molecular Interactions in Organic Binary Liquid Mixtures
http://www.e-journals.net ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry 2010, 7(S1), S217-S222 Ultrasonic Studies of Molecular Interactions in Organic Binary Liquid Mixtures S. THIRUMARAN *, T.ALLI, D. PRIYA
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances
Infrared Spectroscopy: Identification of Unknown Substances Suppose a white powder is one of the four following molecules. How can they be differentiated? H N N H H H H Na H H H H H A technique that is
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE STUDY OF ION SOLVENT INTERACTION OF GLUCOSE IN WATER-METHANOL AND ETHANOL- ULTRASONICALLY VERMA RC 1, SINGH AP 1, GUPTA J 2, GUPTA R 2 1.
More information11. Proton NMR (text , 12.11, 12.12)
2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 11.1 11. Proton NMR (text 12.6 12.9, 12.11, 12.12) A. Proton Signals Like 13 C, 1 H atoms have spins of ±½, and when they are placed in
More informationRadiant energy is proportional to its frequency (cycles/s = Hz) as a wave (Amplitude is its height) Different types are classified by frequency or
CHEM 241 UNIT 5: PART B INFRA-RED RED SPECTROSCOPY 1 Spectroscopy of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiant energy is proportional to its frequency (cycles/s = Hz) as a wave (Amplitude is its height) Different
More informationAcoustical and Thermodynamical Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixtures at K
Chem Sci Trans., 2012, 1(3), 674-682 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2012.234 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 ESEACH ATICLE Acoustical and Thermodynamical Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixtures
More informationDirect acoustic impedance measurements of dimethyl sulphoxide with benzene, carbon tetrachloride and methanol liquid mixtures
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 48, January 2010, pp. 31-35 Direct acoustic measurements of dimethyl sulphoxide with benzene, carbon tetrachloride and methanol liquid mixtures Deepa Bhatnagar,
More informationStudies of thermodynamic properties of methyl methacrylate with alkane-1-ols and alkane-2-ols
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, 3 (4): 2378-2387 Studies of thermodynamic properties of methyl methacrylate with alkane-1-ols and alkane-2-ols
More informationDetermination of stability constants of charge transfer complexes of iodine monochloride and certain ethers in solution at 303 K by ultrasonic method
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 47, February 2009, pp. 97-102 Determination of stability constants of charge transfer complexes of iodine monochloride and certain ethers in solution at 303
More informationDENSITIES AND VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF XYLENES (o-, m-, AND p-) WITH PROPAN 1-OL AT , , AND K.
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(2), 2010, 991-1006 DENSITIES AND VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF XYLENES (o-, m-, AND p-) WITH PROPAN 1-OL AT 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 AND 313.15 K. TULSHIDAS S. SAVALE a, JANARDAN
More informationDielectric relaxation studies of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylbutyral (PVB) in benzene solutions at microwave frequency
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 5, September 014, pp. 63-636 Dielectric relaxation studies of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylbutyral (PVB) in benzene solutions at microwave frequency
More informationFourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Poly (N-butyl methacrylate) Adsorbed from Solution on Alumina
Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Poly (N-butyl methacrylate) Adsorbed from Solution on Alumina NURSEL PEKEL, OLGUN GÜVEN Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe,
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
x-rays ultraviolet (UV) visible Infrared (I) microwaves radiowaves near I middle I far I λ (cm) 8 x 10-5 2.5 x 10-4 2.5 x 10-3 2.5 x 10-2 µ 0.8 2.5 25 250 ν (cm -1 ) 13,000 4,000 400 40 ν (cm -1 1 ) =
More informationDielectric Relaxation Studies of Binary Mixtures of Ethanol and Chlorobenzene in Benzene Solution from Microwave Absorption Data
Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Binary Mixtures of Ethanol and Chlorobenzene in Benzene Solution from Microwave Absorption Data Vimal Sharma and Nagesh Thakur Department of Physics, H. P. University,
More informationInfluence of Dilution with Methanol on Fermi's Resonance inccl 4 Vibrational Spectra
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.1, pp 521-526, Jan-March 2014 Influence of Dilution with Methanol on Fermi's Resonance inccl 4 Vibrational Spectra
More informationInternational Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 Impact Factor (2014): 5.
Excess Molar Volumes and Refractive Indices of Tetrahydrofuran, Dichloromethane, Trichloromethane, 1, 2-Dichloroethane, Trichloroethane and 1, 1, 2, 2-Tetrachloroethane C. P. Gupta 1, Rajesh Singh 2, Ram
More informationjournal of August 2006 physics pp
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 67, No. 2 journal of August 2006 physics pp. 375 381 Chain length effect on dynamical structure of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polar solvent mixtures in dilute solution
More informationAdvanced Pharmaceutical Analysis
Lecture 2 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis IR spectroscopy Dr. Baraa Ramzi Infrared Spectroscopy It is a powerful tool for identifying pure organic and inorganic compounds. Every molecular compound has
More informationUltrasonic studies of N, N-Dimethylacetamide and N-Methylacetamide with Alkoxyethanols in Carbon tetrachloride at different temperatures
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 2011, 3 (2):568-576 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X
More informationViscosities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of 1, 2-Dichloroethane with Pyridine, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Acetone, Furan and Tetrahydrofuran at 303.
American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 2017; 2(6): 87-92 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajetm doi: 10.11648/j.ajetm.20170206.13 ISSN: 2575-1948 (Print); ISSN: 2575-1441 (Online)
More informationSupplementary Information. Rational Design of Soluble and Clickable Polymers Prepared by. Conventional Free Radical Polymerization of
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supplementary Information Rational Design of Soluble and Clickable Polymers Prepared by
More informationULTRASONIC INVESTIGATIONS ON BINARY MIXTURE OF ACETOPHENONE WITH N-BUTANOL AT TEMPERATURES K K
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article ULTRASONIC INVESTIGATIONS ON BINARY MIXTURE OF ACETOPHENONE WITH N-BUTANOL AT TEMPERATURES
More informationTheoretical evaluation of internal pressure in ternary and sub-binary liquid mixtures at various temperatures
Available online at www.ilcpa.pl International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 4 (0) 8-95 ISSN 99-3843 Theoretical evaluation of internal pressure in ternary and sub-binary liquid mixtures
More informationVol. 114 (2008) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 6 A
Vol. 114 (2008) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 6 A Optical and Acoustical Methods in Science and Technology Effects of Solvation of 2-Methylpyridine and 2,6-Dimethylpyridine in Dilute Solutions in Water and
More informationApplication of IR Raman Spectroscopy
Application of IR Raman Spectroscopy 3 IR regions Structure and Functional Group Absorption IR Reflection IR Photoacoustic IR IR Emission Micro 10-1 Mid-IR Mid-IR absorption Samples Placed in cell (salt)
More informationEvaluation of Thermodynamical Acoustic Parameters of Binary mixture of DBP with Toluene at 308K and at Different Frequencies
Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ISSN 2231-606X Evaluation of Thermodynamical Acoustic Parameters of Binary mixture of DBP with Toluene at 308K and at Different Frequencies Abstract Mohanty N. and
More informationJ Madhumitha et al., IJSID, 2012, 2 (1), International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries
ISSN:2249-5347 IJSID International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries An International peer Review Journal for Science Research Article Available online through www.ijsidonline.info A STUDY
More information/15. Chem 202 Name KEY Exam 1 January 30, (3 pts total, 15 pts each) circle the best answer
Chem 202 KEY Exam 1 January 30, 2006 1. (3 pts total, 15 pts each) circle the best answer Which of the following is (are) true? a. Charles Law assume V and T are constant b. Boyles law assumes P and V
More informationApparent molar volume of sodium chloride in mixed solvent at different temperatures
Ultra Chemistry Vol. 8(2), 205-210 (2012). Apparent molar volume of sodium chloride in mixed solvent at different temperatures C.K. RATH 1, N.C. ROUT 2, S.P. DAS 3 and P.K. MISHRA 4 1 Department of Chemistry,
More informationDipole Moment Studies of H-Bonded Complexes of Anilines with Alcohol
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 78-4861.Volume 9, Issue 4 Ver. III (Jul. Aug. 017), PP 4-47 www.iosrjournals.org Dipole Moment Studies of H-Bonded Complexes of Anilines with Alcohol
More informationMicrowave dielectric relaxation study of poly (methyl methacrylate) and polysulphone in dilute solutions
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 44, July 006, pp. 548-553 Microwave dielectric relaxation study of poly (methyl methacrylate) and polysulphone in dilute solutions A Tanwar, K K Gupta, P J
More informationUNIT 4 REVISION CHECKLIST CHEM 4 AS Chemistry
UNIT 4 REVISION CHECKLIST CHEM 4 AS Chemistry Topic 4.1 Kinetics a) Define the terms: rate of a reaction, rate constant, order of reaction and overall order of reaction b) Deduce the orders of reaction
More informationAcoustic Studies on Different Binary Liquid Mixtures of LIX Reagents with Different Diluents
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2012.56.5.548 Acoustic Studies on Different Binary Liquid Mixtures of LIX Reagents with Different
More informationIR, MS, UV, NMR SPECTROSCOPY
CHEMISTRY 318 IR, MS, UV, NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROBLEM SET All Sections CHEMISTRY 318 IR, MS, UV, NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROBLEM SET General Instructions for the 318 Spectroscopy Problem Set Consult the Lab Manual,
More informationA very brief history of the study of light
1. Sir Isaac Newton 1672: A very brief history of the study of light Showed that the component colors of the visible portion of white light can be separated through a prism, which acts to bend the light
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Dioxouranium (VI) complexes with Salicylyl hydrazine based Mixed Ligands
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 22503021, ISSN (p): 22788719 Vol. 07, Issue 09 (September. 2017), V2 PP 5559 www.iosrjen.org Synthesis and Characterization of Dioxouranium (VI) complexes
More informationExcess Molar Enthalpies of Dibromomethane + Cyclohexanone and Dichloromethane + Cyclohexanone or + Pyrrolidin-2-one at T = K
Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2012, 1, 127-131 127 Excess Molar Enthalpies of Dibromomethane + Cyclohexanone and Dichloromethane + Cyclohexanone or + Pyrrolidin-2-one at T =303.15
More informationAlkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons generally fall into 2 general groupings, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain chains and rings of hydrocarbons,
More informationVibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis on an organic non-linear optical crystal-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 43, November 2005, pp. 838-843 Vibrational spectra and normal coordinate analysis on an organic non-linear optical crystal-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzaldehyde
More informationDensity, viscosity and speed of sound of binary liquid mixtures of sulpholane with aliphatic amines at T = K
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 47, August 2009, pp. 576-581 Density, viscosity and speed of sound of binary liquid mixtures of sulpholane with aliphatic amines at T =308.15 K P Murali Krishna,
More informationUltrasonic Study of Binary Mixture of Acetone with Bromobenzene and Chlorobenzene at Different Frequencies
Chem Sci Trans., 212, 1(3), 516-521 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:1.7598/cst212.171 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ultrasonic Study of Binary Mixture of Acetone with Bromobenzene
More informationUltrasonic Studies in Ternary Mixtures of Alcohols With NN DMA in N- Hexane at 303K
Ultrasonic Studies in Ternary Mixtures of Alcohols With NN DMA in N- Hexane at 303K A. SHERIF 1 AND S. NARAYANAN 2 1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College, Chennai, Tamil
More informationFourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Chromium Trioxide-Phthalic Acid Complexes
DOI:10.7598/cst2016.1260 Chemical Science Transactions ISSN:2278-3458 2016, 5(3), 770-774 RESEARCH ARTICLE Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Chromium Trioxide-Phthalic Acid Complexes
More informationUltrasonic Studies on the Molecular Interaction of Certain Aliphatic Dialdehyde Compounds with Ethylenediamine in n-hexane at Different Temperature
Ultrasonic Studies on the Molecular Interaction of Certain Aliphatic Dialdehyde Compounds with thylenediamine in n-hexane at Different Temperature Y. Geetha, S. Chidambara Vinayagam* Available online at
More informationIJBPAS, September, 2012, 1(8): MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES ON SOME BINARY ORGANIC LIQUID MIXTURES AT 303K SUMATHI T* AND GOVINDARAJAN S
: 1153-1165 ISSN: 2277 4998 MOLECULAR INTERACTION STUDIES ON SOME BINARY ORGANIC LIQUID MIXTURES AT 33K SUMATHI T* AND GOVINDARAJAN S *Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil
More informationOrganic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy H. D. Roth. THEORY and INTERPRETATION of ORGANIC SPECTRA H. D. Roth. Infra Red Spectroscopy
rganic Spectra Infra Red Spectroscopy. D. Roth TERY and INTERPRETATIN of RGANI SPETRA. D. Roth Infra Red Spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy (IR) is an analytical technique concerned with molecular vibrations
More informationUltrasonic velocity and viscosity studies of tramacip and parvodex in binary mixtures of alcohol + water
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 46, December 2008, pp. 839-843 Ultrasonic velocity and viscosity studies of tramacip and parvodex in binary mixtures of alcohol + water Poonam Sharma*, S Chauhan,
More informationIntroduction to Vibrational Spectroscopy
Introduction to Vibrational Spectroscopy Harmonic oscillators The classical harmonic oscillator The uantum mechanical harmonic oscillator Harmonic approximations in molecular vibrations Vibrational spectroscopy
More informationChem 124 Exam 1 Spring 2016 Version 1 Name
Chem 124 Exam 1 Spring 2016 Version 1 Name TOTAL POINTS - 116 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1.4 POINTS EACH 1) A molecule containing a central atom with sp 3 hybridization has a(n) electron geometry. A) linear B) tetrahedral
More informationULTRASONIC STUDY OF INTERMOLECULAR ASSOCIATION THROUGH HYDROGEN BONDING IN TERNARY LIQUID MIXTURES
ULTRASONIC STUDY OF INTERMOLECULAR ASSOCIATION THROUGH HYDROGEN BONDING IN TERNARY LIQUID MIXTURES S. Thirumaran 1 and Deepesh George 1 Department of Physics (DDE), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar,
More informationFourier Transform IR Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy Absorption peaks in an infrared absorption spectrum arise from molecular vibrations Absorbed energy causes molecular motions which create a net change in the dipole moment.
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(5):348-358 Ultrasonic study of molecular dynamics in some
More informationTerpolymerization of 2-ethoxy ethylmethacrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride: determination of the reactivity ratios
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 27, No. 3, June 2004, pp. 243 249. Indian Academy of Sciences. Terpolymerization of 2-ethoxy ethylmethacrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride: determination of the reactivity ratios
More informationFEMTOSECOND MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDROGEN-BONDED LIQUIDS
Laser Chem., 1999, Vol. 19, pp. 83-90 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only (C) 1999 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under
More informationUltrasonic Velocities of Acrylates with 2-Hexanol
Ultrasonic Velocities of Acrylates with 2-Hexanol SUJATA S. PATIL Dept. of App. Sci., MSS s College of Engineering and Technology, Jalna 431 203 (M. S.), India. E-mail: patil.sujata.1986@gmail.com Abstract
More informationSHORT COMMUNICATION. Ultrasonic Studies of Amino Acids in Aqueous Sucrose Solution at Different Temperatures
Journal of Physical Science, ol. 22(1), 131 141, 211 SHORT COMMUNICATION Ultrasonic Studies of Amino Acids in Aqueous Sucrose Solution at Different Temperatures R. Palani*, S. Balakrishnan and G. Arumugam
More information7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text , , 12.10)
2009, Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario 7a.1 7a. Structure Elucidation: IR and 13 C-NMR Spectroscopies (text 11.1 11.5, 12.1 12.5, 12.10) A. Electromagnetic Radiation Energy is
More informationSpectroscopic Quantification of Kinetic Rate Constants for Epoxy-Acrylate Hybrid Photopolymerization
Spectroscopic Quantification of Kinetic Rate Constants for Epoxy-Acrylate Hybrid Photopolymerization Brian Dillman University of Iowa, Chemical and Biochemical Eng. Dept., Iowa City, USA Julie L. P. Jessop
More informationCH 3. mirror plane. CH c d
CAPTER 20 Practice Exercises 20.1 The index of hydrogen deficiency is two. The structural possibilities include two double bonds, a double do 20.3 (a) As this is an alkane, it contains only C and and has
More informationMicrowave Dielectric behaviour of ketones in solution state at a constant temperature
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 78-4861.Volume 6, Issue Ver. II (Mar-Apr. 14), PP 59-63 Microwave Dielectric behaviour of ketones in solution state at a constant temperature T.Ganesh
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement, not replace, the laboratory manual. Infrared Spectroscopy History and Application: Infrared (IR) radiation is simply one segment of the electromagnetic spectrum
More informationPOLYMERIZATION REACTION MONITORING FOR PSA PRODUCTION USING AN ATR-FTIR PROBE
POLYMERIZATION REACTION MONITORING FOR PSA PRODUCTION USING AN ATR-FTIR PROBE Renata Jovanović, Doctoral student, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, (jovanovi@genie.uottawa.ca)
More informationWYSE Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry 2005 SOLUTION SET
WYSE Academic Challenge Sectional Chemistry 2005 SOLUTION SET 1. Correct answer: c. Since the ion has a 2- charge, this means there are two extra electrons as compared to protons, so the ion must be sulfur
More informationCHMA2000 EXPT 7: The Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohols
CHMA2000 EXPT 7: The Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohols Objectives: At the end of this experiment you should be able to: 1. Understand the physical and chemical properties of alcohols 2. Understand
More informationDensities and Viscosities of the Ternary Mixtures Water + Butyl Acetate + Methanol and Water + Ethyl Propionate + Methanol at 303.
926 J. Chem. Eng. Data 2000, 45, 926-931 Densities and Viscosities of the Ternary Mixtures Water + Butyl Acetate + Methanol and Water + Ethyl Propionate + Methanol at 303.15 K Zoran P. Visak, Abel G. M.
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules How IR spectroscopy works:
Infrared Spectroscopy used to analyze the presence of functional groups (bond types) in organic molecules It is the study of the interaction of infrared energy with organic molecules; the process analyzes
More informationDetermination of Chemical Composition and Molecular Microstructures: Infrared Spectroscopy
Determination of Chemical Composition and Molecular Microstructures: Infrared Spectroscopy 1 Infrared Spectroscopy Infrared spectrometry is applied to the qualitative and quantitative determination of
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews
Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279 0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews Acoustical and Excess Thermodynamic Studies of Some Ketones with DMSO in Primary
More informationMicrowave Dielectric Relaxation of Alcohols in non polar solutions
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 78-4861.Volume 6, Issue Ver. II (Mar-Apr. 14), PP 64-68 Microwave Dielectric Relaxation of Alcohols in non polar solutions T.Ganesh 1, D.J.S. Anand Karunakaran,P.Udhayageetha
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/10/eaas9319/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Transformation of alcohols to esters promoted by hydrogen bonds using oxygen as the oxidant under metal-free conditions
More informationProbing Bonding Using Infrared Spectroscopy Chem
Probing Bonding Using Infrared Spectroscopy Chem 112-2011 INTRODUCTION First, watch the short video on how to record an infrared spectrum using an infrared spectrometer, linked at: http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem112/labs/ir_video/ir_video_controller.swf
More informationDATA THAT YOU MAY USE UNITS Conventional Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 10-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr = Pa CONSTANTS
DATA THAT YOU MAY USE UNITS Conventional S.I. Volume ml or cm 3 = cm 3 or 0-3 dm 3 Liter (L) = dm 3 Pressure atm = 760 torr =.03 0 5 Pa torr = 33.3 Pa Temperature C 0 C = 73.5 K PV L-atm =.03 0 5 dm 3
More informationCHEM 261 Dec 4, 2017
200 CEM 261 Dec 4, 2017 REVIEW: 1. N 3 2 S 4 1. 2 Al 3 N 2 2. 2 Al 3 2. N 3 2 S 4 N 2 I II For the left hand reaction, I - to create a meta positioned, the first molecule to be subsituted should be N 2,
More informationLecture 2. The framework to build materials and understand properties
Lecture 2 The framework to build materials and understand properties 1 Trees are made into a solid materials/structures in an environment that consists of small molecules: CO 2, N 2, H 2 0, CH 4 O C 2.58Ǻ
More informationOverview. Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution. Concentration terms. Colligative properties. Osmotic Pressure 2 / 46
1 / 46 2 / 46 Overview Types of Solutions. Intermolecular forces in solution Concentration terms Colligative properties Osmotic Pressure 3 / 46 Solutions and Colloids A solution is a homogeneous mixture
More information1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) NH 2 B) NH 2
MULTIPLE CICE QUESTINS Topic: Intermolecular forces 1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) N 2 B) N 2 C) N D) E) N Ans: : N 2 D Topic: Molecular geometry, dipole moment
More informationCHAPTER 8 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS BY COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
146 CHAPTER 8 ISLATIN AND CHARACTERIZATIN F PHYTCNSTITUENTS BY CLUMN CHRMATGRAPHY 8.1 INTRDUCTIN Column chromatography is an isolation technique in which the phytoconstituents are being eluted by adsorption.
More informationMeasurement of Ultrasonic Velocityin Binary Liquid Mixture of N,N-Dimethyl Acetamide (NNDA) + Diethyl Amine(DEA)
Measurement of Ultrasonic Velocityin Binary Liquid Mixture of N,N-Dimethyl Acetamide (NNDA) + Diethyl Amine(DEA) Sravanti Vysyaraju 1, P. Paul Diwakar 2, K. Samatha 3 Research Scholar, Department of Physics,
More informationUltrasonic studies on molecular interactions in binary mixtures of acetonitrile with carbonyl molecules
J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 27 (2005) pp. 49-54 Ultrasonic studies on molecular interactions in binary mixtures of acetonitrile with carbonyl molecules S. ANURADHA, S. PREMA 1 and K. RAJAGOPAL 2 Department
More informationScholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 2009, 1 (2) 128-141 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X
More informationInfrared Evidence for the Existence of the (HCl)*(H 2 SO 4 ) Complex Trapped in Argon at 5 K
J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 3441-3445 3441 Infrared Evidence for the Existence of the (HCl)*(H 2 SO 4 ) Complex Trapped in Argon at 5 K Aharon Givan, Aharon Loewenschuss,*, and Claus J. Nielsen Department
More information