Th 2:00-3:30 pm, McKetta Study room

Transcription

1 CHE 322 Process & Engineering Thermodynamics Fall 2013 Instructor JENNIFER MAYNARD W 2-4 pm, CPE Teaching Assistant JOSH LABER Th 3:30-5:30 pm, CPE Tutor ELIZABETH ORTH Grader RICARDO DE LA PENA Th 2:00-3:30 pm, McKetta Study room Lecture T/Th 11:00 am 12:30 pm CPE NOTE: HW will be due Friday at the beginning of recitation NOTE: quizzes will be conducted during recitation/ Tues most weeks Recitation F 9:00 10:00 am CPE #14775 F 10:00 11:00 am CPE #14780 Text: Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 7 th ed., J.C. Smith, H.C. Van Ness and M.M. Abbott, McGraw Hill. (official approved text) Essential Thermodynamics, by Athanassios Z. Panagiotopoulos; Drios Press, (OPTIONAL: clear & to the point overview with great examples); $45 on Amazon.com. 1

2 Course Description: Thermodynamics relates work, heat, temperature and states of matter to each other. From a surprisingly small set of empirically based laws, an enormous amount of information about the relationships among equilibrium parameters for a system can be deduced. This information can then be applied to physical, chemical and biological systems including engine design, materials processing and cellular processes. Amazingly, thermodynamics is independent of any molecular model of matter, but molecular interpretations of various aspects of the subject (e.g., entropy and temperature) will be discussed in the course to broaden understanding. The focus of this course is the further development of thermodynamics based on the Ch353 Physical Chemistry pre- requisite and the application of the subject to practical systems. Goals: The objective of this course is to introduce students to the principles of thermodynamics as they apply to physical and chemical processes. Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Have Entering This Course: 1. Units, material and energy balances, the use of steam tables and P- H charts (ChE 317). 2. The first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, and heat capacity (ChE 317) 3. Ideal gas and real fluid behavior (ChE 317). 4. Solution of simple chemical engineering process problems (ChE 317). 5. The first and second laws of thermodynamics (Ch 353). 6. State functions and path- dependent functions in the solution of chemical problems (ChE 353). 7. The theoretical aspects of thermodynamics and the treatment of ideal and real fluids (Ch 353). 8. Deviations from ideality by use of various equations of state (Ch 353). 9. Solution thermodynamics (Ch 353). Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Gain Form This Course: 1. The student should be able to apply energy and entropy balances to open and closed systems and to evaluate the thermodynamic efficiency of compressors, turbines, Rankine cycles and refrigeration cycles. They should be comfortable using steam tables, P- H, T- S, and H- S charts and calculating residual properties with equations of state. They should be able to derive property relationships using multivariable calculus. 2. The student should be able to solve phase equilibria problems involving vapor, liquid and solid phases. They should know how to use experimental data to evaluate the constants for various empirical equations, e.g. Van Laar, Margulies, and to use these equations to construct binary phase diagrams. 3. The student should be able to set up and calculate yields from homogenous and heterogeneous reaction equilibria (useful for 372). Impact on Subsequent Courses in Curriculum: Thermodynamic properties, phase equilibrium and chemical reaction equilibrium play an important role throughout chemical engineering, e.g. in ChE 360, ChE 363, ChE 372 and ChE 473K. Thermodynamics is one of the main pillars of chemical engineering; others include transport phenomena and reaction kinetics. 2

3 Course procedure Attendance in lecture or discussions is encouraged but not required. If you do attend any class, please arrive promptly, attentive and ready to work. No electronics are permitted (unless requested by instructor); unauthorized use may result in temporary confiscation. Lecture hours will be used to introduce new material, provide detailed examples, conduct some quizes, conduct three hourly exams. Recitation hours will be used to conduct quizzes, work example problems, provide extra time on difficult topics. Blackboard will be used to post homework assignments and solutions, assignment grades and any announcements. Please check Blackboard at least weekly. Grading Homework 5% typically posted Fri on Blackboard, due the...following Fri in recitation. No late HW accepted. Bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb Quizes 15% Based on the prior weeks lecture, reading & HW, most Fridays during recitation. These are designed to be a check that you are keeping up with and understanding the material. No quizzes on Exam weeks. Lowest quiz score will be dropped; if you miss a quiz, this will be your dropped quiz. If you are late to class, you may not be able to take the quiz. Exams (3) 20% each In- class exam dates and sections covered are noted Bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb in the schedule. There will be no make- up exams. Final 20% Time and room determined by the college. Registration for this course includes the University- scheduled final exam date; there will be no make- up final. The final will be cumulative. Outstanding performance on the final may warrant a bump in your final grade. Total 100% Please show the detailed steps/ logic you follow in solving a problem (ie, a diagram of the problem, define variables, analytical approach and equations used/ derived) grading will be based primarily upon these steps, not upon a correct final answer. We want to give you points, but there needs to be something on page to justify them and we don t know what you are thinking unless you tell us explicitly! Reading assingments are required and you are responsible for the concepts and examples contained therein. Content may be covered in the reading that is not covered in lecture or recitation. The reading is most valuable if you complete it before the relevant class period. Homework problems are for you to practice using the concepts and equations and are representative of those on exams. It is in your best interest to struggle with the problems, to 3

4 understand why a certain approach is chosen and the details of each step. For some homework problems, class will prepare you to complete them; for some you will need to refer to the text. Exams will be based upon material covered in lecture, recitation, reading and in the homework; reading assignments complement lecture and provide additional examples for practice. During exams, you may use one cheat sheet to help you. The exam will be closed notes, closed book. All required equations and other key information will be provided. Practice exams with solutions will be provided on Blackboard. Exams will be conducted during the normal class period and will be a combination of simpler problems (i.e., knowledge- based or those similar to HW and class examples) and more challenging problems (i.e., in which you apply the concepts in a slightly different way; eg you have seen distillation columns with one feed now you have two feeds or you have only seen total condensers now you have a partial condenser). These are not intended to be tricky but to probe the depths of your understanding. You will be guided through these problems. Cheating will not be tolerated. Confirmed cheating will result in a grade of F for the course. Re- grades will be accepted up to one week after the assignment s return and must be accompanied by a written explanation of the request. Final grades will be assigned based on the overall grade distribution using the class mean and standard deviation. If you are consistently more than one standard deviation below the mean, we should talk to find out what s going on and/ or adjust your study strategies. The University of Texas at Austin provides upon request appropriate academic adjustments for qualified students with disabilities. For more information, contact the Office of the Dean of Students at , TTY or the College of Engineering Director of Students with Disabilities at How to succeed in this class Diagram the problem make sure you understand what is being asked, choose your system, label variables and flow streams, identify unknowns, etc. Do the homework preferably not just the night before it s due and try to understand the steps. Working in groups is great as long as all members understand the solutions. Do more than the HW periodically, look over and try to understand your notes, always read the assigned text before class, explain things to your roommate. Often it helps to turn off all electronics in order to focus high quality effort on the task at hand. Ask questions help us to help you! 4

5 Lecture Outline: The course is composed of the following lectures. Please read the assigned sections of the required text before attending the lecture. Date Topic Read before lecture* 1. The first law Th 8/29 Introduction/ Course overview First Law of Thermodynamics: Heat, Work and the Energy Balance for closed systems, SS and un- SS R1 R1: material balance; pressure to explode gas tank; gas cycle T 9/3 Mass and Energy Balances for Open Systems; Enthalpy and Heat Capacity (compressor ex) 2. Equations of state Th 9/5 PVT Behavior of Pure Substances, Ideal Gas Law, predict thermo quantities from PVT info R2 R2: cycles, leaking tank examples T 9/10 Cubic Equations of State, Generalized Correlations for Gases & Liquids (Chapter 1, ) Newton cradle calculations ( ) ( ) ( ) 3. The second & third laws Th 9/12 Second Law of Thermodynamics: Origins in heat engines ( ) R3 Aspen module to work with real gasses Th 9/19 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics ( , 5.11) T 9/24 Midterm Exam 1 Th 9/26 Entropy Balance for Open Systems (5.7) R4 Entropy balance problems T 10/1 Ideal and Lost Work and the Third Law of Thermodynamics ( ) Th 10/3 Thermodynamic Variables & Thermodynamic (6.1, ) Property Tables R5 4. Thermodynamic cycles T 10/08 Introduction to thermodynamic cycles; PV, TS ( ) diagrams, throttle valves Th 10/10 Compressible Flows and Compressors ( ) R6 T 10/15 Power Plants and Engines I ( ) Th 10/17 Refrigeration cycles ( ) R7 Exam review T 10/22 Midterm Exam 2 5. Phase equilibrium Th 10/24 Ideal VLE I: qualitative behavior: phase diagrams; ( ) 5

6 thermo requirements for equilibrium) R8 T 10/29 Ideal VLE II: Raoult & Henry; K- values, ( ) azeotropes Th 10/31 Non- ideal VLE I: chemical potential, fugacity of a ( ; 11.5) pure gas and pure liquid R9 T 11/6 Non- ideal VLE II: partial molar properties, mixing (11.3, 11.4, 11.6) in gases Th 11/7 Non- ideal VLE III: mixing in liquids - correlations ( ) to get activity; thermo consistency tests R10 Osmotic pressure & Boiling point elevation (14.9) T 11/12 Non- ideal VLE IV: Liquid- Liquid Equilibrium (14.4) (immiscible, partially miscible; stability) Th 11/14 Non- ideal VLE V: Liquid- Liquid- Vapor Equilibrium (14.5) (phase diagrams, calculate phase composition) R11 Exam 3 review T 11/19 Midterm Exam 3 6. Chemical reaction equilibrium Th 11/21 Sensible Heat, Latent Heats, Heats of Reaction, Formation and Combustion and their temperature dependence R12 T 11/26 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Introduction, derive K a = exp (- ΔG /RT) eq, gas example 11/28-29 Thanksgiving holidays T 12/3 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Temperature effects Th 12/5 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Multiple Reactions, rxns with coupled phase equilibria or R13 heat transfer Example problems: non- stoicheometric feed, effect of inerts ( , ) ( ) ( ) Th 12/6 Reactions with liquids and solids ( ) R14 Last recitation: final exam review W 12/11 FINAL EXAM (comprehensive) 9 am 12 noon, Room TBD *all reading assignments from Smith and Van Ness, 7 th edition 6