Probing neutron-rich isotopes around doubly closed-shell 132 Sn and doubly mid-shell 170 Dy by combined β-γ and isomer spectroscopy.

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1 Probing neutron-rich isotopes around doubly closed-shell 132 Sn and doubly mid-shell 170 Dy by combined β-γ and isomer spectroscopy Hiroshi Watanabe

2 Outline Prospects for decay spectroscopy of neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Doubly closed-shell nucleus 132 Sn Long-lived spin-gap isomers in 48 Cd and 47 Ag isotopes Collective motions in 46 Pd isotopes Doubly mid-shell nucleus 170 Dy Summary Maximum ground-state deformation γ- and β- vibrations K isomers

3 Dy104 Maximum deformation Degree of axial symmetry Pairing energies Sn 82 Single-particle levels Residual interactions Collectivity and shell quenching

4 Single-particle energies & Residual interactions Key ingredients for shell-model calculations Single-particle orbits Residual interactions J.P. Schiffer, Ann. Phys. 66, 798 (1971 M.G. Mayer, Nobel Lecture (Dec Isomers near shell-closures are sensitive probes to reveal the nature of single-particle energies and residual interactions

5 Long-lived isomers in the vicinity of 132 Sn Proton Sb 131 Sb 132 Sb 133 Sb 134 Sb 129 Sn 130 Sn 131 Sn 132 Sn 133 Sn 128 In 129 In 130 In 131 In 132 In High-j orbits, νh 11/2 and πg 9/2, play an important role in the construction of levels 130 In Cd 128 Cd 129 Cd 130 Cd 131 Cd 126 Ag 127 Ag 128 Ag 129 Ag 130 Ag 0.54 s J π = 10 - πg 9/2-1 νh 11/ f7/2 d3/2 s1/2 d5/2 g 7/ h11/2 Neutron High-j orbit Attractive proton-neutron interactions depress the stretch-aligned configuration 128 Cd p 1/2 50 g 9/2 J π = 18 + π(g 9/ ν(h 11/

6 Excitation energy [MeV] Long-lived isomers in the vicinity of 132 Sn 128 Cd 10 + T 1/2 = 3.56 μs L. Cáceres et al., PRC 79 ( R Experiment β - (93 % T 1/2 = 340 ms log ft = In Spin [ħ] Q β = 7.07 MeV + parity - parity

7 Excitation energy [MeV] Long-lived isomers in the vicinity of 132 Sn 128 Cd 18+ γ decay (E4 or E6 β - decay β - (93 % T 1/2 = 340 ms log ft = 4.17 Experiment 128 In Calculation Spin [ħ] Q β = 7.07 MeV + parity - parity

8 Long-lived isomers in the vicinity of 132 Sn Multi-quasiparticle isomers at high spins Nucleus J π Configuration Decay mode 129 In 23/2 - π(g -1 9/2 ν(h -1 11/2 d -1 3/2 β 29/2 + π(g -1 9/2 ν(h -2 11/2 E3 128 Cd 18 + π(g 9/2-2 ν(h 11/2-2 E4, E6, or β A. Scherillo et al., PRC 70 ( Cd 27/2 - π(g 9/2-2 ν(h 11/2-1 E3 or β 127 Ag 29/2 + π(g -1 9/2 ν(h -2 11/2 E3 or β 37/2 - π(g -2 9/2 p 1/2 ν(h -2 11/2 M2, E3, or β 128 Pd π(g 9/2-2 E2 Low-lying single-particle(hole isomers Odd neutron h 11/2 s 1/2 or d 3/2 Odd proton g 9/2 p 1/2 Spin gap Information on single-particle orbits

9 1/ s 9/ s B. Forgelberg et al., PRC 70 ( / s 3/ s Information on single-particle orbits β -

10 Yield estimation for the 18 + isomer in 128 Cd Primary beam: 136 Xe at 345 MeV/nucleon, 1 pna Production target: Be, 1 g/cm 2 6 days of beam time approved by the 3 rd PAC meeting Intensity of 128 Cd at F11: 14.3 /s Isomer ratio: 5 % (assumed Total implantation rate : 130 /s Detection efficiency Σε γ = kev Σε γγ = 2.1 % ε β = 50 % γ-ray singles: 28k /6 days γ-γ coincidence: 3.9k /6 days Angular correlation may be possible Neutron-rich Pd isotopes are within the scope of this proposal

11 Collective motions in neutron-rich 46 Pd isotopes Excitation energy [MeV] E( 41 / E( Even-even Pd isotopes Neutron number

12 Collective motions in neutron-rich 46 Pd isotopes Excitation energy [MeV] E( 41 / E( Even-even Pd isotopes Neutron number R.F. Casten, Nature Physics (2006 The states are the keys to quantifying structural evolutions Symmetric rotor 3.33 E(21 E(41 E(22 Spherical vibrator 2 E(21 E(41 E(22 Axial asymmetry (γ-softness 2.5 E(21 E(41 E(22

13 Collective motions in neutron-rich 46 Pd isotopes Excitation energy [MeV] E( 41 / E( Even-even Pd isotopes Neutron number [ E(2 2 E(41 ]/ E(21 The states are the keys to quantifying structural evolutions Symmetric rotor [ E(22 E(41 ]/ E(21 0 Spherical vibrator [ E(22 E(41 ]/ E(21 0 Axial asymmetry (γ-softness [ E(22 E(41 ]/ E(21 0.5

14 Collective motions in neutron-rich 46 Pd isotopes Excitation energy [MeV] E( 41 / E( Even-even Pd isotopes Neutron number [ E(2 2 E(41 ]/ E(21 The states are the keys to quantifying structural evolutions What shape do the Pd isotopes have, γ-soft, oblate, or spherical? Does the shell quenching occur?

15 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei Rare-earth isotopes with N > 90 are well-deformed Where is the largest deformation? What does the neutron excess affect shapes, pairing...? Are there any deformed sub-shell closures? E ex ( 41 / E ex ( Dy has the maximum number of valence protons and neutrons From NNDC

16 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei The 2 + level energy in even-even nuclei Measure of the ground-state deformation E ex ( 2 [ kev ] 62Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf Neutron number

17 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei The 2 + level energy in even-even nuclei Measure of the ground-state deformation E ex ( 2 [ kev ] 62Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf E(2 + reaches a minimum at N = 104 for 68 Er, 70 Yb, and 72 Hf isotopes. For 64 Gd isotopes, the 2 + state energy drops at N = 98, and increases at N = Neutron number The behavior of E(2 + in 66 Dy isotopes is erratic for N =

18 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei Lifetime measurement 4 2 ZR0 B( E2 3 ( (2 A E ex S. Raman et al., At. Data Tables 78 ( Global Best Fit Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf Neutron number Neutron number

19 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei Lifetime measurement 4 2 ZR0 B( E2 3 62Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf ( (2 A E ex S. Raman et al., At. Data Tables 78 ( Global Best Fit 62Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb 72Hf Neutron number Neutron number Maximum deformation at N = 102 for 70 Yb isotopes N = 98 for 68 Er isotopes Deformed sub-shell closure at N = 98 for 62 Sm, 64 Gd, and 66 Dy isotopes?

20 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei γ and β vibrations Measure of axial symmetry If the nuclear is a perfect axial rotor, these intrinsic states are high in energy and less mixed with the ground-state band. 10 B( E2;2 B( E2;2 2 0 g g 62Sm 64Gd 66Dy 68Er 70Yb B( E2;2 B( E2;2 2 0 g g Alaga value 1 2Z Z Neutron number Alaga value Z 15 eq0 2 E2 g Band-mixing amplitude Intrinsic matrix element

21 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei K quantum number and collective rotation: K isomers R I K Change direction j j Ii I f Ki K f I i, Ki, I f, K f Spin selection Yes K-selection Sort of! K hindered transitions Weisskopf hindrance Reduced hindrance The degree of K forbiddenness F f exp / F 1/ W K The identification and characterization of K-isomers provides information on Intrinsic orbits near the Fermi surface Pairing energies The degree of axial symmetry

22 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei K π = 6 + isomers in N = 104 isotones 822 ns? 104 F.R. Xu et al., PLB 435 ( Dy Er Yb Hf W Os 104 G.D. Dracoulis et al., PLB 635 ( P.H. Regan et al., PRC 65 (

23 Deformed region: Neutron-rich A~170 nuclei K π = 8 - isomers in N = 106 isotones and E1 decays? 5.8 s Dy W Er 70Yb 72Hf 76Os 78Pt G.D. Dracoulis et al., PLB 635 ( F.R. Xu et al., PLB 435 ( E1 reduced hindrances f ν ~100 from systematics assume E γ = 150 kev T 1/2 ~ 6.5 s compete with β decay? G.D. Dracoulis et al., PRC 79 ( (R

24 Feasibility state unknown Y RI > 0.01 /s γ-γ coin: 9.1/ 10 days Y RI > /s γ-singles: 6.5 / 10 days Expected γ-ray yield 238 U intensity: 1 pna Total rate: 110 cps Population: 10 % Σε γ = kev Σε γγ = 2.1 % ε β = 50 % Decay T 1/2 (syst. Y RI [s -1 ] N γ [/10 days] N γγ [/10 days] 162 Pm 162 Sm 0.6 s 1.99E Eu 166 Gd 1.0 s 2.05E Tb 170 Dy 2.0 s 1.53E Ho 176 Er 1.0 s 4.03E

25 Summary Decay spectroscopy in the vicinity of the doubly closed-shell nucleus 132 Sn ( 6 days of beam time approved Spin-gap isomers in 48 Cd and 47 Ag isotopes Multi-quasiparticle configurations at high spins Single-particle configurations at low excitation energy Collectivities in 46 Pd isotopes Shape transitions and shell quenching Decay spectroscopy in the vicinity of the doubly mid-shell nucleus 170 Dy ( to be proposed for the E(URICA campaigns The first 2 + states and ground-state deformation γ- and β- vibrations as indicators of axial symmetry K isomers in N = 104 and 106 isotones

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