SNC-1D1 Exam Review Answers. Part 1: Vocabulary
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1 SNC-1D1 Exam Review Answers Part 1: Vocabulary Chemistry 1. qualitative 2. quantitative 3. melting; requires 4. freezing; releases 5. evaporation/vaporization; requires 6. condensation; releases 7. boiling 8. freezing 9. compound 10. chemical 11. mass 12. density 13. periodic; number 14. groups; periods 15. number 16. protons; neutrons 17. positive; in the nucleus 18. neutral/no charge; in the nucleus 19. negative; outside the nucleus, in shells 20. valence Electricity 21. static; current 22. conductor; insulator 23. electron; negative 24. friction; conduction; induction 25. repel; attract 26. current; amperes 27. voltage 28. resistance; ohms Ecology 29. ecology 30. biosphere 31. abiotic 32. biotic 33. biome 34. population 35. community 36. biome 37. ecosystem 38. herbivore 39. carnivore 40. decomposer 41. chain % (question asks for LOSS; 10% is retained) 43. nitrogen gas (N 2 ); nitrates 44. transpiration 45. pioneer organism 46. climax community 47. parasitism 48. mutualism 49. commensalism 50. light, water, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ); sugar/glucose and oxygen 51. sugar/glucose and oxygen; water, carbon dioxide, and energy 52. carrying capacity 53. lichen; grasses; trees 54. secondary Part 2 1. Observation Something seen with one of the five senses, or measured by an instrument (e.g., ruler, scale). Inference Attempt to explain an observation 2. a) kg c) m e) 250 ml 3. V = lwh = (2)(12)(3) = 72 cm 3 b) 4550 g d) 125 cm
2 4. D = m/v = 15.8 g/72 cm 3 = 0.22 g/cm 3 5. m = Dv = (350 kg/m 3 )(50 m 3 ) = kg Chemistry 6. a) qualitative b) quantitative 7. a) chemical b) physical 8. a) chemical b) chemical c) physical 9. a) carbon dioxide b) hydrogen c) oxygen 10. a) compound b) element 11. a) Compound: NH 3 b) Compound: Ca(OH) 2 Type of atom Number of atoms Type of atom Number of atoms nitrogen 1 calcium 1 hydrogen 3 oxygen 2 hydrogen Complete the chart for each mixture. Mixture Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Type of Mixture (solution, suspension or mechanical mixture) Vinegar homogeneous solution Raisin Bran Cereal heterogeneous mech. mixture Oil and Water heterogeneous suspension 13. a) Complete the chart using the Periodic Table. Element Atomic # Atomic mass (round to nearest whole number) # protons # electrons # neutrons = Atomic mass Atomic # Oxygen Phosphorus b) Oxygen: Phosphorus:
3 c) TO SHOW THE FORMATION OF AN ION: ALWAYS SHOW THE BEFORE AND AFTER! Oxygen atom: gains 2 electrons to have a full octet Phosphorus: gains 3 electrons to have a full octet 14. Metals Good conductors Shiny Malleable Relatively hard High melting/boiling points Non-metals Poor conductors Relatively soft Low melting/boiling points 15. Group 1 Alkali metals; most reactive metals Group 2 Alkaline earth metals; reactive metals, not as reactive as Group 1 Group 17 Halogens; most reactive non-metals Group 18 Noble gases; stable, non-reactive Electricity 16. a) acetate positive; silk negative b) ebonite negative; fur positive c) When the charged rod is brought close to the neutral electroscope, the like charges in the electroscope will be repelled into the leaves, while the opposite charges will be attracted, and build up in the sphere. The leaves will then separate due to the build-up of like charges.
4 17. (Lowest) Television, Power drill, Toaster, Stove (Highest) APPLIANCES THAT PRODUCE HEAT DRAW THE MOST CURRENT 18. a) parallel b) series c) parallel d) open e) nothing f) 6 A g) 9 V 19. a) 3 x 1.5 V = 4.5 V b) 1.5 V (voltage stays same parallel) 20. a) b) the other bulb goes out 21. Loads in series Loads in parallel Potential difference (voltage) Divided evenly across each load Same as power source Resistance Overall resistance increases Overall resistance decreases Current Same as at power source Divided evenly across each load 22. V = IR (rearrange) R = V/I = 60 V/0.50 V = 120 ohms 23. a) E = Power x Time = (0.900 kw)(1.5 h) = 1.35 kw h per day Energy used in a week = 1.35 kw h x 7 = 9.45 kw h b) Cost to operate = 9.45 kw h x 11 / kw h = ($1.04) 24. a) electrical efficiency measures how much of the energy consumed by an appliances is actually converted to a useful (desired) form of energy b) Fluorescent is much more efficient than incandescent. Drawbacks More expensive to purchase up-front; contains mercury vapour. Ecology 25. Population All of the cats in a parking lot Community All of the life in the parking lot (e.g. cats + birds + raccoons + squirrels + grass + dandelions) Biome Savanna, desert, tundra Ecosystem pond, forest Producer any photosynthetic organism e.g. grass, tree Herbivore any first-order consumer (plant eater) Carnivore any meat-eater Scavenger beetle, vulture, hyena Decomposer bacteria, insects
5 26. All are symbiotic relationships between two partners : Parasitism One partner benefits, the other loses Predation One partner catches and kills another for food Commensalism One partner benefits, the other neither gains nor loses ( doesn t care ) Competition Intra-specific: Members of the same species vie for the same resource (prey, shelter, mates) Inter-specific: Members of different species vie for the same resource (prey, shelter) Mutualism Both partners benefit 27. Carrying capacity The maximum population of a species that an ecosystem can support Density-dependent influences on carrying capacity are biotic factors e.g. disease, predation, competition Density-independent influences are abiotic e.g., nutrient availability, weather conditions, salinity (salt concentration) 28. Carbon cycle: Carbon is added to the atmosphere by: cellular respiration; fossil fuel combustion; decay of organisms, forest fires Carbon is removed from the atmosphere by: photosynthesis; storage in carbon sinks Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere by: nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which convert N 2 to ammonia Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrates and nitrites. Plants absorb nitrates directly and incorporate nitrogen into body tissues Animals take in oxygen by eating plants Decomposers cycle nitrogen through the soil, to be returned to plants/animals Nitrogen is added to the atmosphere by: de-nitrifying bacteria 29. Carbon cycle. Complementary because they are opposite (see word equations). 30. Photosynthesis: Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide from atmosphere Water through roots Light energy from the sun, absorbed by chlorophyll in leaves 31. ARROWS ARE MISSING IN FOOD WEB: Aquatic plants are also eaten by Minnows Aquatic Insects are also eaten by Small-mouthed bass All organisms lead back to bacteria/fungus a) Minnows, aquatic insects b) Bacteria and fungus c) Perch d) Perch = carnivore/tertiary consumer/top consumer Algae = Producer Frogs = carnivore/secondary consumer Aquatic insects = Herbivore/Primary consumer e) Lowest Small-mouthed bass and perch (top consumers) Highest Algae and aquatic plants (producers)
6 f) The top consumers, due to the process of biomagnifications. g) Some energy is inaccessible, and is excreted as waste. The remainder of the lost energy is used by the organism to carry out its every-day metabolic processes, and is released as heat. 32. clumped; uniform; random 33. a) A = lw = (40)(60) = 2400 m 2 b) D p = 12 deer/2400 m 2 = deer/m 2 c) predation 34. Biodiversity The variety of living organisms within an area Major threats Hunting/trapping; Habitat loss and fragmentation; Pollution; Invasive species 35. Succession Gradual and predictable change in the composition of the community in an area. Primary succession Occurs on bare rock/newly exposed ground (where there was no previous life) Example: After a volcanic island is formed Stages are characterized by vegetation. Starts with lichens; mosses; ferns; small grasses; shrubs; trees last Secondary Occurs on disturbed ground, where there was previous life Example: After a natural disaster, like a flood
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