Matter and Its Changes

Transcription

1 Lesson 2 Matter and Its Changes 6.NS.3, 6.NS.5, 6.NS.6, 6.NS.7, 6.NS.10, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson. Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson. Discuss your thoughts with a classmate. Changes of Matter Give an example of a change in matter you observe from the time you wake in the morning until you arrive at school. What are physical changes? Classify physical changes. List two physical changes in which the identity of a substance stays the same Organize the examples of physical changes to states of matter by completing the chart. State of Matter Physical Change New State of Matter solid liquid Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 29

2 Lesson 2 Matter and Its Changes (continued) What are chemical changes? Explain how chemical changes are different from physical changes. Complete the graphic organizer below with five signs of a chemical change. Signs of a Chemical Change Standards Practice Chapter Review Study Guide Note-taking Predict the effect of each event. Circle the effect that can be reversed. An ice cube is placed on the counter. An egg is broken into a hot pan. State the law of conservation of mass. Describe how physical and chemical changes affect mass. Physical changes: Chemical changes: 30 Matter: Properties and Changes

3 Lesson 2 Matter and Its Changes (continued) Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes Classify changes. Identify five types of physical changes and five types of chemical changes. Physical Changes Chemical Changes Compare and contrast information about physical changes and chemical changes. Physical Changes Chemical Changes substance substance formed only change both change A classmate shows you the remnants of a campfire. He tries to convince you that the ashes in the fire pit are all that remains of the wood that burned. What can you tell your friend about chemical changes that will help him understand what happened to the matter that made up the wood? Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 31

4 Review Matter: Properties and Changes Chapter Wrap-Up Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned. Use this checklist to help you study. Complete your Foldables Chapter Project. Study this chapter in your Notebook. Study the definitions of vocabulary words. Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations. Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson. Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter. Summarize It Reread the chapter Big Idea and the lesson Key Concepts. Imagine that you have an unknown substance. Explain how you could use physical and chemical properties to identify the substance. Standards Practice Chapter Review Study Guide Note-taking Challenge Work with a partner to design a way to prove the law of conservation of mass when a physical change occurs. Share your design with the class. 32 Matter: Properties and Changes

5 Study Guide Use Vocabulary Use vocabulary terms from the chapter to complete the sentences and answer the questions below. 1. A state of matter with a definite volume and a definite shape is a. 2. Flammability is an example of a of wood because when wood burns, it changes to different materials. 3. A drink mix dissolves in water because of its in water. 4. The rusting of a metal tool left in the rain is an example of a. 5. According to the, the mass of an untoasted marshmallow equals its mass after it is toasted plus the mass of any gases produced as it was toasting. 6. Slicing an apple into sections is an example of a that cannot be reversed. Link Vocabulary and Key Concepts Use vocabulary terms from the chapter to complete the concept map below Three Familiar Types Matter Types of Properties Types of Changes in Properties Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 33

6 Name Date Class Chapter 1 Review Understand Key Concepts 1. Which is a property of all solids? A. Particles are far apart. B. Particles vibrate in all directions. C. Volume and shape can easily change. D. Weak forces exist between particles. 7. Which is a chemical change? A. boiling water B. copper turning green in air C. freezing fruit juice D. slicing a potato 2. Which characteristic is a chemical property? A. highly flammable B. mass of 15 kg C. woolly texture D. golden color 8. Which would be most useful for identifying an unknown liquid? A. density B. mass C. volume D. weight 3. Which property of an object depends on its location? A. density B. mass C. volume D. weight 9. What mass is measured on this balance? 0 A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. They move more slowly. They are farther apart. They have less energy. They have stronger attractions. 5. Which is a physical change? A. burning natural gas B. chopping onions C. digesting food D. exploding dynamite 6. Which stays the same when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas? A. density B. mass C. forces between particles D. distance between particles 34 Matter: Properties and Changes How are the particles of a gas different from the particles of a liquid shown here? Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice g 45 g 135 g 145 g 10. What causes a chemical reaction when you prepare scrambled eggs? A. removing the eggs from the shells B. mixing the egg yolks and the egg whites together C. heating the eggs in a pan D. sprinkling pepper onto the cooked eggs 11. Which describes the formation of a precipitate? A. A gas forms when a solid is placed in a liquid. B. A liquid forms when a block of metal is heated. C. A solid forms when one liquid is poured into another. D. Bubbles form when an acid is poured onto a rock. Note-taking Circle the correct answer below.

7 Chapter 1 Review continued Critical Thinking Use the lines below to respond to the following questions. 12. Apply Suppose you find a gold-colored ring. Explain why you could use some physical properties but not others to determine whether the ring is actually made of gold. 13. Reason You make lemonade by mixing lemon juice, sugar, and water. Is this a physical change or a chemical change? Explain. 14. Give an example of a physical change you might observe at your school that is reversible and a physical change that is not reversible. Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 35

8 Chapter 1 Review continued Critical Thinking Use the lines below to respond to the following questions. 15. Defend A classmate defines a liquid as any substance that can be poured. Use the picture below to explain why this is not an acceptable definition. Note-taking Study Guide Standards Practice Chapter Review 16. Suggest a way that you could use displacement to determine the volume of a rock that is too large to fit into a graduated cylinder. 17. Hypothesize A scientist measures the mass of two liquids before and after combining them. The mass after combining the liquids is less than the sum of the masses before. Where is the missing mass? 36 Matter: Properties and Changes

9 Chapter 1 Review continued 18. Write a four-sentence description of an object in your home or classroom. Be sure to identify both physical properties and chemical properties of the object. Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 37

10 Chapter 1 Review continued Review the Big Idea 19. What gives a substance its unique identity? 20. What are some physical and chemical properties that an airplane manufacturer must consider when choosing materials to be used in constructing the shell of the aircraft shown below? Note-taking Study Guide Standards Practice Chapter Review Math Skills 21. Use what you have learned about density to complete the table below. Then, determine the identities of the two unknown metals. Metal Mass (g) Volume (cm 3 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Iron Lead Tungsten Zinc Matter: Properties and Changes

11 Standardized Test Practice Mark your answer in the answer bubbles below each question. Multiple Choice 1 Which describes the particles in a substance with no definite volume or shape? A Particles are close but can move freely. B Particles are close but can vibrate in all directions. C Particles are far apart and cannot move. D Particles are far apart and move freely. Use the diagram below to answer question 4. 2 Which diagram shows a chemical change? A B 4 What is the mass of the object on the balance scale? A 22 g C D 3 Which is NOT true about firewood that burns completely? A Ashes and gases form from the substances in the wood. B Oxygen from the air combines with substances in the wood. C The total mass of substances in this process decreases. D The wood gives off thermal energy and light. B 22.5 g C 22.7 g D 30 g 5 Which is true when an ice cube melts? A Volume and mass increase. B Volume and mass do not change. C Volume decreases, but mass does not change. D Volume increases, but mass decreases. 6 What is the BEST way to separate and save the parts of a sand-and-water mixture? A Boil the mixture and collect the steam. B Pour the mixture through a filter that only the water can pass through. C Lift the sand out of the mix with a spoon. D Pour a strong acid into the mixture to dissolve the sand. Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 39

12 Standardized Test Practice continued Use the table below to answer questions 7 and 8. Action Time Result Heated 30 minutes solid Heated 60 minutes liquid Not heated 30 minutes solid Not heated 60 minutes solid 7 Based on the results of this experiment, what can you conclude about heating this unknown substance? A Heating melted it in 30 minutes. B Heating melted it in 60 minutes. C Heating made it solid in 60 minutes. Constructed Response Use the table below to answer questions Properties Substance 1 Substance 2 Substance 3 Color yellow yellow yellow State solid solid solid Mass 217 g 217 g 75 g Melting point 505 C 230 C 505 C Density 3.78 g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 Flammable yes yes yes 10 Identify each property of the unknown substances as either chemical or physical. D Heating caused no changes. Standards Practice Chapter Review Study Guide Note-taking 8 What can you conclude about the original state of the substance? A It is part solid and part liquid. B It is a liquid. C It is a solid. D It is part liquid and part gas. 9 Which is a sign of a physical change? A Bread gets moldy with age. B Ice forms on a puddle in winter. C The metal on a car starts to rust. D Yeast causes bread dough to rise. 11 Of the three unknown substances tested, two are the same substance and one is different. Which two substances do you think are the same? Explain. 12 Which properties in the table helped you determine your answer in number 11? Which properties were not helpful? Explain your reasoning. 13 What additional physical and chemical properties of substances might the table have included? 40 Matter: Properties and Changes

13 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Multiple Choice Bubble the correct answer. 4. Which picture below demonstrates a chemical property? cm 7 cm 3 cm A 1. The block shown above has a mass of 105 g. What is the density of the block? A 0.80 g/cm 3 B 1.25 g/cm 3 C 7.50 g/cm 3 D 21.0 g/cm 3 B 2. A rock has which of these properties? A a changing shape and volume B a fixed shape and volume C a changing shape but a fixed volume D a changing volume but a fixed shape 3. Which physical property would NOT be useful for finding the difference between baking soda and cornstarch? A density B mass C melting point D solubility C D Extend Your Learning Turn the page to Learn Out Loud Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 41

14 Think, Discuss, Share Standards Practice Chapter Review Study Guide Note-taking From My Teacher 42 Matter: Properties and Changes

15 Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Multiple Choice Bubble the correct answer. 1. Which image shows a physical change? You dissolve a white powder in a beaker of water. It is NOT likely that a chemical change took place if the water A A gets hotter. B remains clear. C starts to bubble. D turns orange. 3. Which of these describes a chemical change? B A baking cookies B melting ice C cutting apple slices D mowing the grass Exp. No. Description C 1 Cardboard is cut into small pieces. 2 Bread is browned in a toaster. D 3 Pressing a ball of clay into a square box. 4 A block of cheese is grated onto pasta. 4. In which of the experiments listed above can the change to the original substance be reversed? A Experiment 1 B Experiment 2 C Experiment 3 D Experiment 4 Extend Your Learning Turn the page to Learn Out Loud Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Matter: Properties and Changes 43

16 Think, Discuss, Share Standards Practice Chapter Review Study Guide Note-taking From My Teacher 44 Matter: Properties and Changes

17 Notes Note-taking Study Guide Chapter Review Standards Practice Energy and Energy Transformations 45