Applications of the Incremental Hole-Drilling Method for Measurement of Non-Uniform Residual Stresses in Fiber Metal Laminates

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345-335 6 5394 mme.modares.ac.ir - *2 - -2 ghasemi@kashanu.ac.ir 8737-567 * (FML) -. FML

1 mme.modares.ac.ir - * ghasemi@kashanu.ac.ir * (FML) -. FML FML FML... [AL/ /9 ] FML.. FML. FML. FML : : : - ApplicationsoftheIncrementalHole-DrillingMethodforMeasurementof Non-UniformResidualStressesinFiberMetalLaminates MohammadMehdiMohammadi,AhmadRezaGhasemi DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofKashan,Kashan,Iran P.O.B Kashan,Iran,ghasemi@kashanu.ac.ir ARTILEINFORMATION ABSTRAT OriginalResearchPaper Received26February25 Accepted9April25 AvailableOnline4May25 Keywords: FiberMetalLaminates IncrementalHole-Drilling IntegralMethod alibrationoefficientsmatrix lassicallaminatetheory In this paper, the incremental hole-drilling method is used to measure experimentally with accuracy non-uniform residual stresses in each ply of fiber metal laminate (FML) composites. Integral methodwasusedfortheapproximationofresidualstress.this methodisconsidered constant and uniform residual stress analysis at each hole-drilling depth increment. First, finite element method is used to calculate the calibration coefficients matrix of the incremental hole drillingprocess.thecalibrationcoefficientsmatrixdeterminedbyfiniteelementanalysiscanbe used directly in the experiment. alibration coefficients matrix is used to relate the measured strainrelaxationfieldwith theexistingresidualstressespriorto the hole-drilling process.also, for the experimental determination, released strains induced by high speed drilling process on FMLcompositeswithstackingsequenceof[AL/ 2 /9 2 ] S have been quantified. Finally, the experimental measurements are compared with the theoretical predictions of the classical laminatetheory.goodagreementbetweentheexperimentaldataandtheoreticalpredictionshow that,incremental hole-drillingtechniquecanbeprovedtobe successfullyappliedfor measuring non-uniformresidualstressesinfmlcomposites..[] FML 2 2-arbonReinforcedAluminumLaminates(ARAL) -. (FML) - -FiberMetalLaminates(FMLs) Pleasecitethisarticleusing: : M.M.Mohammadi,A.R.Ghasemi,ApplicationsoftheIncrementalHole-DrillingMethodforMeasurementofNon-UniformResidualStressesinFiberMetalLaminates, ModaresMechanicalEngineeringVol.5,No.6,pp ,25(InPersian)

2 -. %5.[4] [5]. [6] [7.. FML. FML. [AL/ /9 ] FML.. FML [8] 3-IncrementalStrainMethod 4-AverageStressMethod 5-PowerSeriesMethod 2 FML.[2]. [5-3] FML.[6 ] FML..[7]..[8].. [9] ASTM E [] [2]..[3] ASTM E837. -AramidReinforcedAluminumLaminates(ARALL) 2-GlassReinforcedAluminumLaminates(GARALL) 336

3 (). (3) () = (3) <, > () (3 (2) (4) ( ) = (, ) () = (5) (4) = (, ) () = (, ) (6)., =, =, =, =,,,,,, - :(6) (9) (7) (9) (7). (6) =3. () 3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) R RO...[9] :[7] () ( ) = (, )() ( ) () () ( ) () (). ().[46].(2) -..[26] =. (2) () (2) x step, 2 3 step, 2 step, xy step, y step, step, 2 step, x step,2 2 step, xy step, y step, step, x step, step, step, xy step, y step,3 step,3 ()

- 3 4. : 2-2-3 FML... FML SOLID 85. SURF 54.(5).

4 : FML... FML SOLID 85. SURF 54.(5).. 2 FML ) /4 /2 2 5/4 /3 / (GPa) (GPa) (GPa) 23/8 9/ 3/4 / /33 / (35 -) A B. B.. A (A 4.()

.. - - 3-3 FML /4 mm. [AL/ /9 ]. (2). 9. -. 9... - 2 FML - 4 - - 4 E-25 FML. ML-56 HA- 5: -.. 3 2 [2] ASTM D358 ASTM D339 - (3) [22] -4.892.95 -.4855-6.7276 -.463.849-4.925-5.56 2.474-5.2645 2.4983 -.

5 FML /4 mm. [AL/ /9 ]. (2) FML E-25 FML. ML-56 HA- 5: [2] ASTM D358 ASTM D339 - (3) [22] X. Y [6] YX) = = =. (XY = + 2 () + 2 cos 2 + sin 2 = cos + sin + sin 2 6 ().. () ) (2)

- = cos = sin = sin 2 :() :() :() = ( = ( = ( 6 FML 3 FML 7 ( ) 62 4/9 23/6 /35 /3 /33 (GPa) 2/8 4 69 () 55/78 55/35 3/36 2/94 22/29 8/3 73 55 FML 8 FML 4 = + = = = + = ( + ) (gr) (gr) (gr) (gr (cm 3

6 - = cos = sin = sin 2 :() :() :() = ( = ( = ( 6 FML 3 FML 7 ( ) 62 4/9 23/6 /35 /3 /33 (GPa) 2/ () 55/78 55/35 3/36 2/94 22/29 8/ FML 8 FML 4 = + = = = + = ( + ) (gr) (gr) (gr) (gr (cm 3 ) (cm 3 ). /5 /3 mm.[2] 5/min N. (min) FML 2 µm/s 5 rpm 2 mm HSS FML FML -. = + + = T (3) Lfm. 2-4 / /.(7) 25 [AL/ /9 ] (8) 5/min mm / / FRS TML

. 9 9.. 9 9 9. 45. 9. [AL/ /9 ] FML - 5-5.

5/3-5/6-77/5-27/9-24/84-26/77 () (2) 45 (3) 9 3 2.

7 [AL/ /9 ] FML () 5-4/9-4/59 4/42 5/3-5/6-77/5-27/9-24/84-26/77 () (2) 45 (3) /4 mm. /4 mm 9. 9 [AL/ /9 ] FML FML. FML FML FML

8 (µ) ) [AL/ /9 ] FML,, = () (,, ) :(9) - 4 { } () = () { } + { } {} () (8) (9) (2). () (-5) 2 [226] {} () = () = cos(), = sin() :(4) = 2 2 () :(6) (, ) = + + (, ) (, ) = + + (, ) (, ) = (4) (5) + + (, ) (6) (6) ) :(7) - 3 = D BA (7) - (8)

9 (MPa) (MPa) (MPa). - FML [AL/ /9 ] FML FML. 3. FML. ). (9 /46 MPa 4... /6 MPa. 5. % 5/7. ( ) /89 MPa.. /65/ 6. /2... ASTM E837 /8.[9] /3-/ FML

10 - /46 /3 /5 5/66-4/8 [AL/ /9 ] 6 4/2 /3-3/76 /52 /6 /89-4/8 5/66-3/29 /6 4/77 /3 -/26 /28 9/5 9/5 9/8 -/26 8/87 (MPa) (kgm -3 ) (kgm - s -2 ) (kgm - s -2 ) { },, - 8 " "" " -9 [] J.G.arrillo,W.J.antwell,Mechanicalpropertiesofnovelber-metal laminate based on polypropylene composite. Mechanics of Materials, Vol.4,pp ,29. [2] F.Okumus,Investigationofcoatinglayertoreducethermalstressesin steel fiber reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite, Mathematical andomputationalapplications,vol.6,no.,pp ,2. [3] T. Sinmazcelik, E. Avcu, O. oban, review: Fibre metal laminates, background, bonding types and applied test methods. Materials and Design,Vol.32,pp ,2. [4] J.Xue,W.X.Wang,Y.Takao,T.Matsubara,Reductionofthermalresidual stress in carbon fiber aluminum laminates using thermal expansion clamp, omposites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,Vol. 42, No.8,pp ,2. [5] A.Masoudi,G.H.Liaghat,M.H.Pol,Experimentalinvestigationof effects of nanoclay on ballistic properties of GLARE, Modares MechanicalEngineering,Vol.4,No.4,pp.4-46,24. (InPersian) [6] R. Alderliesten, On the development of hybrid material concepts for aircraftstructures,recentpatentsengineering,vol.3,pp.25-38,29. [7] J.Hausmann,P.Naghipour,K.Schulze,Analyticalandnumericalresidual stress models for fiber metal laminates comparison and application. ProcediaMaterialsScience,Vol.2,pp.68 73,23. [8] M.M.Shokrieh,A.Daneshvar,nonelmethodtodecreasemacroresidual stressesoflaminatedcompositesbyaddingcarbonnano-fibers,modares MechanicalEngineering,Vol.2,No.4,pp.47-57,22. (InPersian) [9] StandardTestMethodforDeterminingResidualStressesbytheHole- DrillingStrainGageMethod,AnnualBookofASTMStandard,3., 28. [] G.S.Schajer,L.Yang,Residual-stressmeasurementinorthotropic materials using the hole-drilling Method, Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 34,No.4,pp ,994. [] M. M. Shokrieh, A. R. Ghasemi, Simulation of entral Hole-Drilling ProcessforMeasurementofResidual StressesinIsotropic,Orthotropic, andlaminatedompositeplates,journalofompositematerials,vol.4, No.4,pp ,27. [2] A.R. Ghasemi, M.M. Shokrieh, Residual Strains Measurement and alculatingresidualstressesinompositelaminatesusingtheintegral Method,JournalofomputationalMethodsinEngineering,Vol.28,No.2, pp.8-93,2(inpersian). [3] M.M.Shokrieh,A.R.Ghasemi,DeterminationofalibrationFactorsof the Hole Drilling Method for Orthotropic omposites using an Exact Solution,Journalofompositematerials,Vol.9,pp ,27. [4] A.R.Ghasemi,M.M.Mohammadi,alculationofcalibrationfactorsfor determination of residual stresses in fiber-metal laminates using incrementalhole-drillingmethod,journalofthescienceandtechnology ofcomposites,vol.,no.,pp.35-44,24.(inpersian).. 3/. FML (, ) (kgm - s -2 ) (m) (m) (m) ( -6 K - ) ( -6 K - ) (K),,,,,, { } ( ) { }

11 MechanicalEngineering,Vol.,No.,pp.9-27,2. (InPersian) [9] M. M. Shokrieh, S. Akbari, Effect of Post-ure Time on Residual Stress Distribution in arbon/epoxy Laminated omposites, International JournalofAdvancedDesignandManufacturingTechnology,Vol.5,No.4, pp.3-8,23. [2] G.S.Schajer,J.R.Theo,Incrementalcomputationtechniqueforresidual stress calculations using the integral method, Experimental mechanics, Vol.5,No.7,pp ,2. [2] American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standard,3.,28. [22] A.R.Ghasemi,M.M.Mohammadi,M.Moradi,InvestigationofMechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer omposites Reinforced by Multi- WalledarbonNanotubeforReductionofResidualStresses, Journalof PolymerScienceandTechnology,Vol.27,No.3,pp.23-23,24. - [5] M. M. Mohammadi, Determination of residual stresses in fiber metal laminate using incremental hole drilling method, MSc Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kashan University, 24 (In Persian) [6] A.R.Ghasemi,F.T.Behrooz,M.M.Shokrieh,Determinationofnonuniform residual stresses in laminated composites using integral holedrilling method: Experimental evaluation, Journal of omposite Materials,Vol.48,No.4,pp ,24. [7] S. Akbari, F. T. Behrooz, M. M. Shokrieh, haracterization of residual stressesinthin-walledlamentwoundcarbon/epoxyringusing incremental hole drilling method, omposites Science and Technology, Vol.94,pp.8-5,24. [8] M.Sedighi,M.Khandaei,J.Joudaki,alibration oefficientsforresidual Stress Measurement in Incremental Hole Drilling Method, Modares

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