Interparticle interaction

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Interparticle interaction"

Transcription

1 Colloid chemistry for pharmacists Interparticle interaction Levente Novák, István Bányai Dep. of Colloid- and Environmental Chemistry 2. lecture 1

2 Characterization of colloids colloidal state parameters 1. Dispersity (or size distribution) 2. Morphology (shape, inner structure) 3. Spatial distribution 4. Interparticle interaction 2

3 4. Molecular interactions The origin of interactions between colloidal particles: the interactions between individual molecules. Ion 1 - ion 2 (rare, macromolecules) Ion 1 - permanent dipole 2 (rare, mixtures) permanent dipole 1 - permanent dipole 2 permanent dipole 1 - Induced dipole 2 instantaneous dipole 1 - Induced dipole 2 Hydrogen-bonding interaction Repulsion Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic interaction 3

4 Molecular interactions Sign: attraction (-), repulsion (+) Coulomb: ion-ion ion-dipole dipole-dipole E E di 12 Coul Orientation effect ( ze) 1( ze) r ( ze) 2 1cos 1 4 r a) T low b) T high Acting range~50nm kj/mol Range~1.5nm 15 kj/mol r~ distance 4

5 Molecular interactions dipole-dipole (orientation effect) a) T low, the constant gives the sign: +2 parallel, -2 antiparallel oriientation E dd 1 2 konst r 0 At low temperature the orientation effect yields an ordering! 2 kj/mol b) T high, freely rotating dipoles, always attraction: 0.3 kj/mol 3 range~1.5nm E dd (4 ) kbt r 5

6 Molecular interactions dipole-induced dipole first dipole: electron fluctiation E id 1 2 ~ r 6 induced-induced dipole 6

7 London dispersion interactions E ti 12 I = ionization energy 3 II ~ I1 I2 (4 0 ) r Dispersion forces are weak, short-lived forces, which are experienced by all molecules. They operate over very short distances. saturated vapour pressure: CH 3 Cl <CH 2 Cl 2 < CHCl 3 <CCl 4 London forces depend on the shape; evaporation heat: pentane> isopentane> neopentane Range~0.4nm 2 kj/mol London dispersion interactions (London forces tend to increase with molecular weight, some properties of liquid are approximately proportional to the energy of intermolecular attraction: melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity) Additive! 7

8 Molecular interactions (bulk) Induction effect Dipole makes polarization Dipólmomentum molekula Debye molekula Debye molekula Debye HF 1.91 SO2 1.6 Metanol 1.7 HCl 1.05 CO 0.1 Etanol 1.7 HBr 0.79 CO2 0 Aceton 2.86 H 2 O 1.85 Fenol 1.45 H 2 S 0.93 NH D= Cm, Dipolmoment, in Debye unit α, polarizability,, polarizability, Polarizálhatóság He 0.2 CO 1.65 CH 2 =CH H H 2 O 1.44 C 2 H Ar 1.63 O C 6 H Xe 4 Cl NH CCl CH , m 0 The polarizability increases with volume (mass). 8

9 Sum of induction, orientation and dispersion to the same type of molecules: β Boer and Hamaker for macroscopic phases, particles: A: Hamaker constant, q: pieces atoms /volume, A ~ 2 q E r J A 6 ~ 11, Jm 6 CCl Etanol 3.4 Benzol 4.29 Cl-benzol 7.57 F-benzol 5.09 Toluol 5.16 víz 1.82 Compound /Debye orientation induction dispersion CCl Ethanol Benzene Water % 9

10 Attraction- repulsion (total interaction) between molecules (Lennard-Jones (6:12) potential repulsion E tot konst. 11 ~, 12 6 r r J attraction 10

11 Hydrogen-bonding interaction H-bonding interactions a donor acceptor interaction involving H atoms. They exist between electronegative atoms such as O, N, F, with H atoms covalently bound to similar electronegative atoms. Hydrophobic interaction Hydrophobic interaction describes the strong interaction between hydrophobic molecules or surfaces in water. This is often stronger than their attraction in free space. Hydrophilic molecules are mostly polar and have a H-bonding capacity Why are non-polar molecules hydrophobic? Non-polar molecules share a common characteristic: practically no intermolecular forces can form between them and water (only dispersion forces). For a molecule to be watersoluble it must be able to experience dipolar interactions, or form hydrogen bonds, with water. 11

12 Hydrophobic, hydrophilic interaction Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions: Some molecules such as hydrocarbons, oil, fats, inert atoms, fluorocarbons and some polymers that are incapable of forming H-bonds and do not like to interact with water, are called hydrophobic molecules. Hydrophobic means water-fearing or waterrepelling. The more general name lyophobic, which means solvent repelling. Hydrophilic molecules are mostly polar and have a high H-bonding capacity. In practice, hydrophobic molecules, in contact with water, prefer to interact with each other instead of the water and try to minimize their total surface area and form a water immiscible phase. Hydrophobic interaction describes the strong interaction between hydrophobic molecules or surfaces in water. The interaction between a hydrophobic molecule and water is actually attractive, due to dispersion interactions. However, the interactions between water is much more attractive due to H-bonding interactions, so water has the effect of squeezing the hydrophobic molecules to attract each other to form a larger aggregate, reducing the total free energy of the system. 12

13 Examples 13

14 Molecules of a watersoluble compound and molecules of water mix freely with each other: the two types of molecules are able to mix completely. If a compound is insoluble in water, its molecules cannot mix freely with molecules of water.: instead, the two types of molecule remain completely separate. Occasionally, a small amount of the solute dissolves, while the majority floats on top of the solution. 14

15 ion-dipole The hydration of ions by water molecules. The interaction of ions by water molecules, is a dipolar interaction, which exists between the charge of the ion and the partial charge on the polar water molecule. Colloids: hydration of proteins 15

16 The alcohols are polar molecules. Electrons are withdrawn towards the highly electronegative oxygen atom, distorting the distribution of electrons throughout the molecule as a whole. Consequently, the molecule is polar. Examples: H-bond Molecules of an alcohol can form hydrogen bonds with water, and with each other. *Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

17 Examples Glycerolphospholipids arrange themselves in two sheets, each with a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic face. The hydrophobic faces of the two sheets lie against one another, forming a sealed, water-free layer. *Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

18 examples The folding of a polypeptide possessing hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. The darker hydrophobic portions fold away from the aqueous surroundings; this arrangement is stabilized by dispersion forces which operate between the tightly packed hydrophobic portions. *Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

19 Examples The sequence of monomers within a polymer. Side chains that are in close proximity when a polypeptide chain adopts its three-dimensional, folded structure may be some distance apart in the polypeptide chain itself. Look at this polypeptide chain, and notice how amino acids A and B are some distance apart in the sequence of the polypeptide chain, but actually come into close proximity when the chain is folded *Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

20 Summary The various noncovalent forces that can operate in a biological molecule, such as a polypeptide *Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

21 The interrelationship between primary and secondary structure. The ability of a biological polymer to fold into regions of characteristic secondary structure depends upon it possessing an appropriate primary structure. Secondary structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The shape of larger molecules: structure of proteins: 1 chemical + 3 colloidal 21

22 Structure of proteins: 1 chemical + 3 colloidal The regular positioning of hydrophobic amino acid residues in the primary sequence of a- keratin generates a hydrophobic patch around one face of the a-helix when the polypeptide adopts is folded, threedimensional structure. Adapted from C.Dobson et.al. Tertiary structure (3 dimensional shape) An keratin molecule possesses numerous - helices, which lie adjacent to one another when the molecule packs into its native three-dimensional conformation: its tertiary structure. Crowe, J.:Chemistry for the Biosciences Oxford UP. ISBN ,

23 Structure The protein hemoglobin comprises four polypeptide subunits, and depend upon both intramolecular and intermolecular forces to ensure that its structure remains correct. Hemoglobin comprises four molecules, which are held together by intermolecular forces 23

24 Effect of bulk environment 24

Molecular interactions. Levente Novák István Bányai Zoltán Nagy Department of Physical Chemistry

Molecular interactions. Levente Novák István Bányai Zoltán Nagy Department of Physical Chemistry Molecular interactions Levente Novák István Bányai Zoltán Nagy Department of Physical Chemistry Characterization of colloidal systems Degree of dispersion (=size) Morphology (shape and internal structure)

More information

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions and Intermolecular Forces Solutions and Intermolecular Forces REVIEW Chemical Bonds Three basic types of bonds: Ionic Electrostatic attraction between ions Covalent Sharing of electrons Metallic Metal atoms bonded to several other

More information

Intermolecular forces

Intermolecular forces Intermolecular forces World of Chemistry, 2000 Updated: August 29, 2013 The attractions of molecules to each other are known as intermolecular forces to distinguish them from intramolecular forces, such

More information

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules?

Chapter 10. Dipole Moments. Intermolecular Forces (IMF) Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules. Polar or Nonpolar Molecules? Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Draw Lewis Structures for CCl 4 and CH 3 Cl. What s the same? What s different? 1 Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments Bonds

More information

Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules

Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules Electonegativity, Polar Bonds, and Polar Molecules Some Definitions Electronegativity: the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons to itself. Intramolecular forces: the attractive force between

More information

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter

Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter Liquids and Solids The Condensed States of Matter AP Chemistry Ms. Grobsky Where We Have Been And Where We Are Going In the last few chapters, we saw that atoms can form stable units called molecules by

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids. Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles

More information

Lecture Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten

Lecture Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Lecture 1101 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Molecular Comparison

More information

Biophysics II. Hydrophobic Bio-molecules. Key points to be covered. Molecular Interactions in Bio-molecular Structures - van der Waals Interaction

Biophysics II. Hydrophobic Bio-molecules. Key points to be covered. Molecular Interactions in Bio-molecular Structures - van der Waals Interaction Biophysics II Key points to be covered By A/Prof. Xiang Yang Liu Biophysics & Micro/nanostructures Lab Department of Physics, NUS 1. van der Waals Interaction 2. Hydrogen bond 3. Hydrophilic vs hydrophobic

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids State Volume Shape of State Density

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Molecular Compounds The simplest molecule is H 2 : Increased electron density draws nuclei together The pair of shared electrons constitutes a covalent bond. Intermolecular Forces

More information

Organic Chemistry. Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups

Organic Chemistry. Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my Organic Chemistry Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups by Dr. Seema Zareen & Dr. Izan Izwan Misnon Faculty Industrial Science

More information

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles

CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles CHAPTER 6 Intermolecular Forces Attractions between Particles Scientists are interested in how matter behaves under unusual circumstances. For example, before the space station could be built, fundamental

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,

More information

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces The Three Phases of Matter (A Macroscopic Comparison) State of Matter Shape and volume Compressibility Ability to Flow Solid Retains its own shape

More information

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Intermolecular forces Liquids and Solids Chapter objectives Understand the three intermolecular forces in pure liquid in relation to molecular structure/polarity Understand the physical properties of liquids

More information

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties Attractive Forces Particles are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces. The strength of the attractive forces depends on the kind(s) of particles.

More information

One Q partial negative, the other partial negative Ø H- bonding particularly strong. Abby Carroll 2

One Q partial negative, the other partial negative Ø H- bonding particularly strong. Abby Carroll 2 Chemistry Notes v Polarity Experiment Ø Things involved Polarity Solubility Dispersion Ø Polarity Shaving cream has soap steric acid Water is polar Food coloring is polar/ionic because dissolved Like dissolves

More information

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Name: Date: Period: #: BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES BONDING & INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Page 1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) relative weak interactions that occur between molecules. Most of the physical properties of gases,

More information

Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 11 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES States of Matter Because in the solid and liquid states particles are closer together, we refer to them as. The States of Matter The state of matter a substance is

More information

2.26 Intermolecular Forces

2.26 Intermolecular Forces 2.26 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are the relatively weak forces that exist between molecules. These govern the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility in solvents

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community

More information

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces

States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. The States of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces Have studied INTRAmolecular forces the forces holding atoms together to form compounds. Now turn to forces between molecules INTERmolecular forces. Forces between molecules, between

More information

Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids

Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, & Solids , Liquids, & Solids Mr. Matthew Totaro Legacy High School AP Chemistry States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of Matter Because in

More information

General Chemistry A

General Chemistry A General Chemistry 1140 - A May 5, 2005 (6 Pages, 48 Questions) ame 1. Which of the following properties is a general characteristic of solids? (A) Solids have a rigid shape and fixed volume (B) Solids

More information

Chapter 6 Chemistry of Water; Chemistry in Water

Chapter 6 Chemistry of Water; Chemistry in Water Chapter 6 Chemistry of Water; Chemistry in Water Water is one of the most remarkable and important of all chemical species. We, and all living things, are mostly water about 80% of our brain; 65% of our

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces 5/14/12 Do now: find a piece of metal at your table and describe three properties about it Work on bonding types Homework: work on pg 209 1-7 Due Wednesday Blazertime: finish organic

More information

Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink. Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited Deforestation disrupts water cycle

Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink. Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited Deforestation disrupts water cycle Chapter 3 Water: The Matrix of Life Overview n n n Water, water everywhere,; not a drop to drink Only 3% of world s water is fresh How has this happened Consumption resulting from how environment inhabited

More information

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017

Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 Unit Five: Intermolecular Forces Name MC Question Practice April 14, 2017 1. Which of the following should have the highest surface tension at a given temperature? 2. The triple point of compound X occurs

More information

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces

RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces RW Session ID = MSTCHEM1 Intermolecular Forces Sections 9.4, 11.3-11.4 Intermolecular Forces Attractive forces between molecules due to charges, partial charges, and temporary charges Higher charge, stronger

More information

Solutions and Non-Covalent Binding Forces

Solutions and Non-Covalent Binding Forces Chapter 3 Solutions and Non-Covalent Binding Forces 3.1 Solvent and solution properties Molecules stick together using the following forces: dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, hydrogen bond, van der

More information

2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 2. WATER : THE SOLVENT FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 2.1 Water and Polarity Both geometry and properties of molecule determine polarity Electronegativity - The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself

More information

Chapter 12 Section 1

Chapter 12 Section 1 hapter 12 Section 1 Kinetic Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids Noncovalent Forces Intermolecular interactions Electrostatic Forces Dispersion Forces -bonding DNA, RNA Mary J. Bojan hem 110 1 What

More information

Intermolecular Forces I

Intermolecular Forces I I How does the arrangement of atoms differ in the 3 phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas)? Why doesn t ice just evaporate into a gas? Why does liquid water exist at all? There must be some force between

More information

Red Beryl, Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18. Liquids and

Red Beryl, Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18. Liquids and Red Beryl, Be 3 Al 2 Si 6 O 18 - Liquids and Solids Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 16a 2 A Molecular Comparison of Liquids and Solids Figure 16.47: The number of molecules in

More information

There are two types of bonding that exist between particles interparticle and intraparticle bonding.

There are two types of bonding that exist between particles interparticle and intraparticle bonding. There are two types of bonding that exist between particles interparticle and intraparticle bonding. Intraparticle bonding describes the forces that exist within a particle such as a molecule or ionic

More information

Chapter-2 (Page 22-37) Physical and Chemical Properties of Water

Chapter-2 (Page 22-37) Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Chapter-2 (Page 22-37) Physical and Chemical Properties of Water Introduction About 70% of the mass of the human body is water. Water is central to biochemistry for the following reasons: 1- Biological

More information

Chap 10 Part 4Ta.notebook December 08, 2017

Chap 10 Part 4Ta.notebook December 08, 2017 Chapter 10 Section 1 Intermolecular Forces the forces between molecules or between ions and molecules in the liquid or solid state Stronger Intermolecular forces cause higher melting points and boiling

More information

11.1 Intermolecular Forces Keeping Matter Together

11.1 Intermolecular Forces Keeping Matter Together 11.1 Intermolecular Forces Keeping Matter Together Nature s Forces Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 201 Miramar College 1 Intermolecular Forces Keeping Matter Together Phases of Matter: Terminology Energy

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Surveying the Chapter: Page 442 Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids We begin with a brief comparison of solids, liquids, and gases from a molecular perspective, which reveals the important

More information

Phase Chemistry. Phase Diagrams and IMF s. Copyright John Sayles 1

Phase Chemistry. Phase Diagrams and IMF s. Copyright John Sayles 1 Phase Chemistry Phase Diagrams and IMF s Copyright 2003 - John Sayles 1 C-C Eq n and Phase Diagrams Graph the T and P points that solve the C-C eq n A curve Each point represents a BP The curve is the

More information

For the following intermolecular forces:

For the following intermolecular forces: Lecturenotes 1 unit6_review_exercise_2017.odt Lecturenotes 2 unit6_review_exercise_2017.odt Lecturenotes 3 unit6_review_exercise_2017.odt Lecturenotes 4 unit6_review_exercise_2017.odt Answers: 1. Ionic

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces H covalent bond (stronger) Cl H Cl intermolecular attraction (weaker) The attractions between molecules are not nearly as strong as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together. They

More information

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: Polarity of Molecules. Seventh Course (General Chemistry) by Dr. Istadi

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: Polarity of Molecules. Seventh Course (General Chemistry) by Dr. Istadi INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: Polarity of Molecules Seventh Course (General Chemistry) by Dr. Istadi 1 Types of Intermolecular Forces The nature of the phases and their changes are due primarily to forces among

More information

Lec.1 Chemistry Of Water

Lec.1 Chemistry Of Water Lec.1 Chemistry Of Water Biochemistry & Medicine Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical basis of life. Biochemistry can be described as the science concerned with the chemical

More information

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together.

When intermolecular forces are strong, the atoms, molecules, or ions are strongly attracted to each other, and draw closer together. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES: THE FORCE BEHIND VARIOUS PROPERTIES WHY? Intermolecular forces are largely responsible for the properties of affinity, solubility, volatility, melting/ boiling point, and viscosity.

More information

Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL?

Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL? Intermolecular Forces OR WHY IS WATER SPECIAL? Define the prefixes Inter Between, as internet, interstate Intra Inside, as intramural Intermolecular Forces (2) Forces between covalent molecules These are

More information

liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12

liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12 liquids_solids_15dec2017_1st.notebook December 15, 2017 Liquids and solids Chapters 11 and 12 Intermolecular forces Intermolecular: forces between molecules Intramolecular: within molecules (i.e. covalent)

More information

General Chemistry A

General Chemistry A General Chemistry 1140 - A May 6, 2004 (6 Pages, 43 Parts) Name Each of the 40 multiple choice questions counts 2 point. Give the letter of the correct answer. 1. 2. Crystalline solids differ from amorphous

More information

CH1010 Exam #2 Study Guide For reference see Chemistry: An Atoms-focused Approach by Gilbert, Kirss, and Foster

CH1010 Exam #2 Study Guide For reference see Chemistry: An Atoms-focused Approach by Gilbert, Kirss, and Foster CH1010 Exam #2 Study Guide For reference see Chemistry: An Atoms-focused Approach by Gilbert, Kirss, and Foster Chapter 3: Atomic Structure, Explaining the Properties of Elements Trends to know (and be

More information

The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids

The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids The kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and solids States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Intermolecular Forces

More information

Properties of Solutions

Properties of Solutions Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength

More information

Chapter 12. Liquids: Condensation, Evaporation, and Dynamic Equilibrium

Chapter 12. Liquids: Condensation, Evaporation, and Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter 12 Liquids: Condensation, Evaporation, and Dynamic Equilibrium Chapter Map Condensation (Gas to Liquid) Evaporation For a particle to escape from the surface of the liquid, it must meet the following

More information

= = 10.1 mol. Molar Enthalpies of Vaporization (at Boiling Point) Molar Enthalpy of Vaporization (kj/mol)

= = 10.1 mol. Molar Enthalpies of Vaporization (at Boiling Point) Molar Enthalpy of Vaporization (kj/mol) Ch 11 (Sections 11.1 11.5) Liquid Phase Volume and Density - Liquid and solid are condensed phases and their volumes are not simple to calculate. - This is different from gases, which have volumes that

More information

Polar Molecules. Textbook pg Molecules in which the charge is not distributed symmetrically among the atoms making up the molecule

Polar Molecules. Textbook pg Molecules in which the charge is not distributed symmetrically among the atoms making up the molecule Textbook pg. 251-283 Polar Molecules Molecules in which the charge is not distributed symmetrically among the atoms making up the molecule Electronegativity and Polar Molecules Pauling realized that electron

More information

ก ก ก Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

ก ก ก Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes ก ก ก Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes ก ก ก ก Mc-Graw Hill 1 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 12.1 An Overview of Physical States and Phase Changes 12.2

More information

2.26 Intermolecular Forces

2.26 Intermolecular Forces 2.26 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are the relatively weak forces that exist between molecules. These govern the physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility in solvents

More information

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTEMOLECULAR FORCES Do all the exercises in your studyguide COMPARISON OF THE THREE PHASES OF MATTER. Matter is anything that occupy space and has mass. There are three states of matter:

More information

Supplemental Activities. Module: States of Matter. Section: Intermolecular Forces - Key

Supplemental Activities. Module: States of Matter. Section: Intermolecular Forces - Key Supplemental Activities Module: States of Matter Section: Intermolecular Forces - Key Electrostatic Forces ACTIVITY 1 The purpose of this activity is to practice recognizing the nature of the forces important

More information

Biochemistry,530:,, Introduc5on,to,Structural,Biology, Autumn,Quarter,2015,

Biochemistry,530:,, Introduc5on,to,Structural,Biology, Autumn,Quarter,2015, Biochemistry,530:,, Introduc5on,to,Structural,Biology, Autumn,Quarter,2015, Course,Informa5on, BIOC%530% GraduateAlevel,discussion,of,the,structure,,func5on,,and,chemistry,of,proteins,and, nucleic,acids,,control,of,enzyma5c,reac5ons.,please,see,the,course,syllabus,and,

More information

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11. Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Physical properties of substances are understood in terms of kinetic-molecular theory: Gases

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces States of Matter The three states of matter are 1) Solid Definite shape Definite volume 2) Liquid Indefinite shape Definite volume 3) Gas Indefinite shape Indefinite

More information

CHEMISTRY - UTEXAS 1E CH.5 - INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (IMFS)

CHEMISTRY - UTEXAS 1E CH.5 - INTERMOLECULAR FORCES (IMFS) !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: POLARITY Molecules that have sharing of electrons contain a molecular polarity. For these molecules, both and determine the molecular polarity. POLARITY RULES TO BEING NON-POLAR:

More information

3) Accounts for strands of DNA being held together into a double helix. 7) Accounts for the cohesive nature of water and its high surface tension

3) Accounts for strands of DNA being held together into a double helix. 7) Accounts for the cohesive nature of water and its high surface tension AP Chemistry Test (Chapter 11) Multiple Choice (50%) Please use the following choices to answer questions 1-7. A) London dispersion forces B) Ion-ion attractions C) Dipole-dipole attractions D) Dipole-ion

More information

Chapter 10. The Liquid and Solid States. Introduction. Chapter 10 Topics. Liquid-Gas Phase Changes. Physical State of a Substance

Chapter 10. The Liquid and Solid States. Introduction. Chapter 10 Topics. Liquid-Gas Phase Changes. Physical State of a Substance Introduction Chapter 10 The Liquid and Solid States How do the properties of liquid and solid substances differ? How can we predict properties based on molecular- level structure? Glasses Wires Reshaping

More information

Solutions are HOMOGENEOUS mixtures and can be gases, liquids, or solids.

Solutions are HOMOGENEOUS mixtures and can be gases, liquids, or solids. UNIT 4 Solutions and Solubility Chapter 8 Solutions and Concentration Types of Solutions The simplest solutions contain 2 substances: 1. SOLVENT o any substance that has another substance o dissolved in

More information

Chapter 11 Review Packet

Chapter 11 Review Packet Chapter 11 Review Packet Name Multiple Choice Portion: 1. Which of the following terms is not a quantitative description of a solution? a. molarity b. molality c. mole fraction d. supersaturation 2. Which

More information

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids

Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Why? Why is water usually a liquid and not a gas? Why does liquid water boil at such a high temperature

More information

Solids, liquids and gases

Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids and gases Solids, liquids, and gases are held together by intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces occur between molecules, not within molecules (as in bonding). When a molecule changes

More information

POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces

POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces Honors Chem Block Name POGIL 7 KEY Intermolecular Forces In chemistry we talk a lot about properties of substances, since the object of chemistry is substances and their properties. After learning different

More information

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11. Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 11.1 A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids Gases are highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container. Gas molecules are

More information

Saba Al Fayoumi. Tamer Barakat. Dr. Mamoun Ahram + Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan

Saba Al Fayoumi. Tamer Barakat. Dr. Mamoun Ahram + Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan 1 Saba Al Fayoumi Tamer Barakat Dr. Mamoun Ahram + Dr. Diala Abu-Hassan What is BIOCHEMISTRY??? Biochemistry = understanding life Chemical reactions are what makes an organism (An organism is simply atoms

More information

Chemistry 102 Winter 2010

Chemistry 102 Winter 2010 Today 1. Brief review of bonding. 2. Intermolecular forces. Announcements 1. DROP deadline today. 2. CSULA closure on Jan. 15 (furlough). 3. CSULA closure on Jan. 18 (holiday). 4. ADD deadline on Jan.

More information

Chem 112 Dr. Kevin Moore

Chem 112 Dr. Kevin Moore Chem 112 Dr. Kevin Moore Gas Liquid Solid Polar Covalent Bond Partial Separation of Charge Electronegativity: H 2.1 Cl 3.0 H Cl δ + δ - Dipole Moment measure of the net polarity in a molecule Q Q magnitude

More information

1. What is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular bonds? Variations in the Boiling Point of Noble Gases

1. What is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular bonds? Variations in the Boiling Point of Noble Gases NAME: DATE: Chemical Bonding Forces Assignment 1. What is the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular bonds? 2. Use your data booklet to fill in the following chart Variations in the

More information

1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.

1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules. Chem 431A-L02-W'05 page 1 of 6 Chem 431A-L02-W'05 Summary of lecture topics discussed in lecture 2-3: 1) Here we review the various types of interactions that can take place between and among molecules.

More information

Bonding and the Determination of Melting Points and Boiling Points

Bonding and the Determination of Melting Points and Boiling Points Bonding and the Determination of Melting Points and Boiling Points Melting Point/Freezing Point: The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid and a solid becomes a liquid. 0 C is the freezing point

More information

Q. What happens when you boil (melt) a compound?

Q. What happens when you boil (melt) a compound? Intermolecular Forces (MHR Text p. 202 206) Molecular compounds are: 1) made up of molecules 2) are made up of two or more nonmetallic atoms 3) held together by covalent bonds (sharing e ) Q. But what

More information

CHEM J-3 June 2014

CHEM J-3 June 2014 CHEM1101 2014-J-3 June 2014 All terpenes are derived from isoprene and many, such as myrcene, (R)-citronellal and geraniol, are used in the perfume industry. Explain the differences in boiling points of

More information

Name Practice IMFs and VP

Name Practice IMFs and VP Name Practice IMFs and VP Date 5916. Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule containing polar covalent bonds? A) NH3 B) H2 C) CCl4 D) H2O 408. In substances that sublime, the forces of attraction

More information

Chapter 12. Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

Chapter 12. Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes Chapter 12 Intermolecular Forces: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes There are attractive intermolecular in all solids, liquids (called condensed phases) and gases. Molecules are held together by attractive

More information

McCord CH301 Exam 3 Fall 2016

McCord CH301 Exam 3 Fall 2016 483 version last name first name signature McCord CH301 Exam 3 Fall 2016 49970 / 49975 Remember that the bubble sheet has the periodic table on the back. NOTE: Please keep your Exam copy intact (all pages

More information

Atomic and molecular interaction forces in biology

Atomic and molecular interaction forces in biology Atomic and molecular interaction forces in biology 1 Outline Types of interactions relevant to biology Van der Waals interactions H-bond interactions Some properties of water Hydrophobic effect 2 Types

More information

Aqueous solutions. Solubility of different compounds in water

Aqueous solutions. Solubility of different compounds in water Aqueous solutions Solubility of different compounds in water The dissolution of molecules into water (in any solvent actually) causes a volume change of the solution; the size of this volume change is

More information

THE SOLIDS AND LIQUID STATES ATOMIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

THE SOLIDS AND LIQUID STATES ATOMIC SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS SCH4U1 - DVORSKY THE SOLIDS AND LIQUID STATES The physical properties of solids and liquids are strongly influenced by the forces of attraction between the particles within them, known as intermolecular

More information

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces

Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Ch. 11: Liquids and Intermolecular Forces Learning goals and key skills: Identify the intermolecular attractive interactions (dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole) that exist between

More information

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids

Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Dissolution of an ionic compound States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. States of

More information

Lesson 01 and 02: Solutions, Solubility and Conductivity. 01 What is a Solution?

Lesson 01 and 02: Solutions, Solubility and Conductivity. 01 What is a Solution? Solid Solvent Liquid Gas Chemistry 11, Solution Chemistry, Unit 08 1 Lesson 01 and 02: Solutions, Solubility and Conductivity 01 What is a Solution? Before we can talk about solubility it is important

More information

Intermolecular forces: Background

Intermolecular forces: Background Intermolecular forces: Background Electrostatics Up until now, we have just discussed attractions between molecules in the area of the covalent bond. Here, atoms within a molecule are attracted to one

More information

Chemistry in Biology. Section 1. Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Chemistry in Biology. Section 1. Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Section 1 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Atoms! Chemistry is the study of matter.! Atoms are the building blocks of matter.! Neutrons and protons are located at the center of the atom.! Protons are positively

More information

Biomolecules: lecture 10

Biomolecules: lecture 10 Biomolecules: lecture 10 - understanding in detail how protein 3D structures form - realize that protein molecules are not static wire models but instead dynamic, where in principle every atom moves (yet

More information

Chemistry Review: Atoms

Chemistry Review: Atoms Chemistry Review: Atoms Atoms are made up : nucleus containing protons and neutrons orbitals containing electrons (2, 8, 8,...). Valence electrons outermost electrons Chemistry Review: Atoms All atoms

More information

Chapter 6 Intermolecular Forces: State Changes, Solubility, and Cell Membranes

Chapter 6 Intermolecular Forces: State Changes, Solubility, and Cell Membranes Chapter 6 Lecture Chapter Outline General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: An Integrated Approach Laura Frost, Todd Deal and Karen Timberlake by Richard Triplett Chapter 6 Intermolecular Forces: State

More information

Hydrogen atoms Hydrogen Molecule Chlorine atoms Chlorine Molecule Oxygen atoms Oxygen molecule

Hydrogen atoms Hydrogen Molecule Chlorine atoms Chlorine Molecule Oxygen atoms Oxygen molecule Pure and Polar Covalent Bond: Dr. R: Name:-------------------------------------------------; Period:-------Date:------ Standard: SPS1b: Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds in terms of electron

More information

Intermolecular Actions IMI s. IMI Summary Sheet. Trends in the Strength of Intermolecular Attraction? 7/8/2013

Intermolecular Actions IMI s. IMI Summary Sheet. Trends in the Strength of Intermolecular Attraction? 7/8/2013 Intermolecular Actions IMI s More Accurately: Interspecies Interactions What holds SPECIES together in liquids and solids? Species may be atoms or molecules or ions. Must distinguish between IMI s and

More information

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.2 Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes I. Forces of Attraction (13.2) Intramolecular forces? (forces within) Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and metallic

More information

ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1

ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1 ngac (ttn793) H11: Solids and Liquids mccord (51600) 1 This print-out should have 25 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. 001

More information

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry Liquids & Solids Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry 1 Liquids 2 Properties of the States of Matter: Liquids High densities compared to gases. Fluid. The material exhibits

More information

Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley

Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley Ch 9 Liquids & Solids (IMF) Masterson & Hurley Intra- and Intermolecular AP Questions: 2005 Q. 7, 2005 (Form B) Q. 8, 2006 Q. 6, 2007 Q. 2 (d) and (c), Periodic Trends AP Questions: 2001 Q. 8, 2002 Q.

More information