Monitoring as a tool for verification of models

Transcription

1 Monitoring as a tool for verification of models General concept of monitoring on local, regional, and global scale Examples of monitoring systems: GOOS, EMEP, GAW N:\adm\arkiv\overhead\2006\CEE\Yale-13.ppt 1

2 SO 2 GHG NO X NH 3 VOCs Primary PM Acidification Eutrophication Ground-level ozone PM pollution Surface Waters Terrestrial EcoSystems Climate change Marine EcoSystems Yield Losses (crops and forests) Human Health Materials

3 UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution ( 49 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties) Barents Sea Kara Sea Artic Ocean Canada Iceland Pacific Ocean Finland of America North Sea Atlantic Ocean Norway Sweden Estonia Russian Federation Latvia Denmark Lithuania Ireland Atlantic Ocean Portugal United Kingdom Spain Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg France Switzerland Monaco Germany Czech Rep. Austria Liechtenstein Poland Slovakia Hungary Belarus Slovenia Romania Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Yugoslavia Bulgaria Italy F.Y.R.of Albania Macedonia Greece Moldova Ukraine Black Sea Turkey Caspian Georgia Sea Armenia Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Aral Sea Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Malta Mediterranean Sea Cyprus The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe

4 Executive Body Implementation Committee Working Group on Effects EMEP Steering Body Working Group On Strategies and Reveiw ICP Forest Task Force Coordinating Programme Task Force Emission Inventories and Projections Expert group on Ammonia ICP Integrated Monitoring Task Force Programme Centre Task Force Mesearments and Modelling Expert group on POPs ICP Modelling and Mapping Task Force Coordinating Centre for Effect Chemical Coordinating Centre NILU Network of Experts on Benefits and Economic Instruments ICP Materials Task Force Main Research Centre Metorological Synthesizing Centre-West Expert group on Techno-economic issues ICP Vegetation Task Force Programme Centre Metorological Synthesizing Centre-East Expert group on Heavy Metal ICP Waters Task Force Programme Centre Task Force Integrated Assessment Modelling ICP Health WHO Bonn Centre Integrated Assessment Modelling

5 EMEP Topics Acidification and Eutrophication Sulphur, Nitrogen, base cations Photochemical oxidants Tropospheric ozone, precursors (NOx, VOC) Heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, +++ Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) PAH, PCB, HCB, Chlordane, DDT/DDE... Particulate matter PM mass, chemical speciation, physical characterisation

6 EMEP/CCC (NILU) Tasks Recommendation of methods, preparation of manuals, Field and laboratory intercomparisons, Data and metadata collection, validation and storage, Evaluate QA/QC-procedures Data interpretation, data reports and joint reports comparison with CTM-estimates deposition and exposure estimates Representativeness of measurements/sites Development of network and measurement programme, Coordinate the EMEP work on particulate matter

7

8

9

10

11 Level 1 about 125 sites) Programme Parameters Measurement period/frequency Level-1 sites (all parameters are required to be monitored) Inorganic compounds in SO precipitation 4, NO - 3, NH + 4, H + (ph), Na +, K +, Ca ++, Mg ++, Cl - 24h/daily (cond) Inorganic compounds in SO 2, SO -- 4, NO - 3, HNO 3, NH + 4, NH 3, (sno 3, snh 4 ), Na +, K +, 24h/daily air Ca ++, Mg ++, NO 2 Gas particle ratio NH 3, HNO 3 (in combination with filter pack sampling) monthly/monthly Heavy metals in Cd, Pb (1 precipitation weekly priority), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd priority) PM 10 mass concentration PM 10 PM2,5 24h/daily Ozone O 3 continuous/hourly Meteorology Precipitation amount (RR), temperature (T), wind direction (dd), continuous/hourly wind speed (ff), relative humidity (rh), atmospheric pressure (pr) Level-2 sites (in addition to level-1 parameters); Acidification and eutrophication Gas particle ratio NH 3 /NH 4, HNO 3 /NO 3 (artefact-free methods) 24h/daily Ammonia in emission areas (high spatial resolution) NH 3 (low-cost methods) monthly/monthly Level 2 (supersites) sites across Europe (regional collaboration) Photochemical oxidants NO x NO, NO 2 continuous/hourly Light hydrocarbons C 2 -C 7 grab samp. or c/h Carbonyls Aldehydes and ketones 8h/2 days/week Heavy metals Mercury in precipitation Hg monthly Mercury in air Hg (TGM), 24h/weekly Heavy metals in air Cd, Pb (1st priority.), Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni (2nd priority) weekly/weekly Persistent organic pollutants POPs in precipitation PAHs, PCBs, HCB, chlordane, HCHs, DDT/DDE weekly/weekly POPs in air PAHs, PCBs, HCB, chlordane, HCHs, DDT/DDE 48h/weekly Particulate matter PM mass PM10 1, PM h/daily Gas particle ratio NH 3 /NH 4, HNO 3 /NO 3 24h/daily Speciation vs. size (PM2.5 SO and PM10) 4, NO - 3, NH 4, Na +, K +, Ca ++, Mg + (Cl - ) weekly/weekly Mineral dust Si weekly/weekly elemental carbon (EC) weekly/weekly organic carbon (OC) EC, OC

12 Data flow and archiving for European Tropospheric observations Long-term EMEP WMO-GAW HELCOM OSPARCOM AMAP CLRTAP WGE EIONET/EUROAIRNET NDSC NATIONAL National databases AirBASE EMEP/WDCA/CREATE database NADIR ACCENT WEB portal Internal use Campaigns EARLINET PHOTONS AERONET SOGE ENVISAT CALVAL E2-AEROSOL (JRC) Many others GAW WDCs Various project databases

13 Ny-Ålesund Zeppelin Karpbukt Svanvik Øverbygd Karasjok Monitoring Stations in Norway Nausta Tustervatn Høylandet Kårvatn Osen Haukeland Brekkebygda Hurdal Vatnedalen Vikedal Løken Treungen Sandve SFT Skreådalen Prestebakke Lista Birkenes Søgne Stasjon Ozon hovedkomp. EMEP Overvåkingsprogram, SFT Overvåkingsprogram, skogskader Andre prosjekter Norske bakgrunnsstasjoner 2003 LUFT NO2 tungm. & organisk PM hovedkomp. NEDBØR tungmetaller organisk Lista X X (til juni) X X Søgne X X Skreådalen X X X Birkenes X X X X X X Vatnedalen X Treungen X Langesund X Klyve X Haukenes X Prestebakke X Løken X Hurdal X X X X Brekkebygda X Osen X X X X X Vikedal X Sandve X Haukeland X Nausta X Kårvatn X X X X X Høylandet X Tustervatn X X X X Øverbygd X Karasjok X X X X X Karpbukt X Svanvik X X Ny-Ålesund X Zeppelin X X X Totalt antall

14 Super sites: Specialised measurements with state-of-the-art methods Zeppelin mountain E.g;hot topics for particles: Size/number distribution (dn/dlogdp), light scattering (Aerosol Optical Depth) OC-speciation vertical profiles from using lidar. Birkenes

15 Steering Body to EMEP, 8-10 September, 2003 Germany, 2001 Comparison of modeling results with measurements Zingst - DE9 # # # Neuglobsow - DE7 Westrland - DE1 # Langenbrugge - DE2 Schmucke - DE8 # # Brotjacklriegel - DE5 Deuselbach - DE4 # Schauinsland - DE3 # Monthly mean concentrations of Pb in air (ng/m 3) and in precipitation (µg/l) MSC-E

16

17

18

19

20 Kyoto: HFC PFC SF6 Montreal: CFC HCFC Halon Observations Ny-Ålesund Mace Head Jungfraujoch Monte Cimone Data exploitation Emission verification Monitoring plan Models Data exploitation Impacts: Climate change Ozone layer Workshop for end users Environment authorities Industry ADS-GC-MS at the Zeppelin station The coolant agent F-134a at the SOGE sites Jungfraujoch Mace Head Ny-Alesund Monte Cimone ppt 50 Part of the NOAA CMDL Network 0 01/00 07/00 12/00 07/01 12/01 07/02

21 Methane and CO measurements

22 Methane and CO measurements

23 ESA ENVISAT CALVAL Database MIPAS, GOMOS, SCHIAMACHY, MERIS and AATSR

24 SF 6 and HC measured at a petrochemical factory A Release area Tracer Wind >50 µghc/ B

25 15 min. sample Syringe Timer