Memorial to a Scientist
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1 Memorial to a Scientist 1. My Question of Inquiry: Use this sheet to outline how you will collect and present the information to the class. My Group s Scientist: 1
2 Part I: Memorial to a Scientist: John Dalton 1. Identify Dalton s postulates from the choices below: A. All atoms of the different elements are identical. B. All atoms of the same element are identical, and atoms of different elements are different from each other. C. Atoms of one element cannot combine with atoms of a different element. D. Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more atoms and the atoms are arranged in ratios of small whole numbers. E. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or converted into other kinds of atoms during chemical reactions. F. Atoms can be created, destroyed or converted into other kinds of atoms during chemical reactions. G. All matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms. The four postulates are (write the letters on the lines): 2. John Dalton experimented with gases and discovered that the same two gases can react and form different compounds. Which of Dalton s postulates listed in Question 1 is illustrated below? Letter: 1 mass of Carbon 1 mass of Oxygen Compound 1 (CO) 1 mass of Carbon 2 masses of Oxygen Compound 2 (CO 2 ) 2
3 Memorial to a Scientist: J.J. Thomson 1. A cathode ray tube similar to the one used in J.J. Thomson s experiment is shown below. Sketch the path of the negatively charged particle beam that he observed as it begins at the negative end and travels toward the positive end. Negatively charged particle beam Applied electric field Cathode (negative end) - Anode (positive end) - h High voltage h electricity goes in 2. Sketch a picture of Thomson s plum pudding model of the atom. Label where the positive and negative charges are. 3. How did J.J. Thomson know that the stream of particles in the cathode ray tube was negatively charged? 3
4 Part I: Memorial to a Scientist: Ernest Rutherford 1. Below is a sketch of Rutherfords s gold foil experiment. Draw the path of the positively charged beam as it enters the gold foil and encounters the nucleus of a gold atom. Explain what is happening to the positively charged beam. Radiation source (positively charged particle beam) Gold foil 2. How did Ernest Rutherford s experiments change Thomson s model of the atom? 3. Sketch a picture of Rutherford s model of the atom. Label where the positive and negative charges are. 4. What did Rutherford call his model of the atom? 4
5 Part I: Memorial to a Scientist: Niels Bohr 1. Why did Niels Bohr think Rutherford s model needed to be refined? 2. What did Bohr and other scientist observe about different elemetns when electrical energy is applied to them? 3. Below is a representation of Bohr s idea for the model of the hydrogen atom. Electrons (e-) can only occupy certain energy levels surrounding the positive nucleus. e- nucleus Energy Level 2 Energy Level 2 Energy Level 2 e- Energy Level 1 Energy e- e- Energy Level 2 Energy Level 1 Energy Level 1 Energy Level 1 Hydrogen atom Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 A. To make the electron jump to the next level what must be added? B. When the electron falls back down to Level 1 (Figure 3), what is emitted 5
6 Reflections and Conclusions 1. Describe one new piece of information that you learned about one of the featured scientists. 2. Some of John Dalton s postulates were later proven to be incorrect. Write one of the postulates and explain, why it needed to be modified. 3. How did J.J. Thomson know that atoms had to contain positive charge as well as the negative electrons that he discovered? 4. When Rutherford aimed the stream of particles from the uranium source at the gold foil, what caused the particle stream to deflect at such a large angle? 5. Place all four scientists in order from earliest to latest, and state one way that each scientist modified the atomic model of the previous scientist. 6. Using all of the following terms, develop a graphic organizer based on what you have learned in this Explore. Use another sheet of paper, if needed. Terms: John Dalton, J.J Thomson, Ernst Rutherford, Niels Bohr, atom, postulates, Bohr Model, Nuclear Model, electron, proton, neutron, atomic theory, nucleus, energy level, atomic mass 6
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