Matter and Energy. What is matter? Properties of Matter 9/15/15. EQ: How do I describe and classify matter? EQ: How do I describe and classify matter?

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1 Matter and Energy Pt. 1 Properties of Matter What is matter? ± Material that makes up the universe is called matter 2 Properties of Matter 1. Has mass 2. Occupies space (has volume) 1

2 4 Phases of Matter 1. SOLID - Has a definite shape - Has a definite volume 2. LIQUID - Has NO definite shape, it takes the shape of the container. - Has a definite volume 3. GAS - Has NO definite shape - Has NO definite volume 4. PLASMA - Created when gases are heated to a very high temperature. (Sun, stars) PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER ± Physical Properties: color, odor, texture, melting point, boiling point, ± Chemical Properties: reaction with water, acids, bases, heat 5 Intensive and Extensive Properties The properties of a substance can be divided up into two basic kinds: ± Intensive properties are those that do not depend on the quantity of the substance you have. The boiling point of water is an intensive property why? Other examples: density, solubility, color, specific heat capacity, melting point. 2

3 ± Extensive properties depend on the amount of the substance. For example, the volume of a sample is an extensive property: 100 grams of water takes up more volume than 1 gram of water. ± Mass, length, and energy are also extensive properties. Changes of Matter (paper demo) 1. Physical Changes: change in state, no new substance is formed. 2. Chemical Changes: new substance is formed. Changes in States of Matter liquid Melting Freezing solid gas plasma 3

4 Physical Changes of Matter 1. solid liquid = melting ± example: ice melts to water 2. liquid solid = freezing ± example: water to ice Changes in States of Matter liquid Melting Freezing Condensation Vaporization solid gas plasma Physical Changes of Matter liquid gas = vaporization, boiling, or evaporation ± example: water to water vapor gas liquid = condensation ± example: cloud to rain 4

5 Changes in States of Matter liquid Melting Freezing Condensation Vaporization solid Sublimation Deposition gas plasma Physical Changes of Matter solid gas = sublimation ± example: dry ice (frozen CO 2 to carbon dioxide), iodine crystals gas solid = deposition ± example: water vapor to frost Changes in States of Matter liquid Melting Freezing Condensation Vaporization solid Sublimation Deposition gas Ionization Deionization plasma 5

6 Physical Changes of Matter gas plasma = ionization plasma gas = deionization Chemical Changes of Matter Also called Chemical Reaction 1.DEMO: paper 2.DEMO: NaCl + AgNO3 3.DEMO: Na + H2O ± Physical & Chemical Changes ± 1. Environment ± 2. Kitchen ± 3. Hair Salon 18 6

7 EQ: How will I define, identify, and different types of matter? 1. PURE SUBSTANCE (a) Element (b) Compound 2. Mixture (c) Homogeneous (d) Heterogeneous Types of Matter EQ: How will I define, identify, and different types of matter? Pure Substance ± Element: Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. Examples: Hydrogen, oxygen, gold ± Compound: A substance made from two or more chemically combined elements. Examples: Carbon dioxide, water, methane EQ: How will I define, identify, and different types of matter? Mixtures ± Homogeneous: mixture that is the same throughout. Examples: apple juice, atmosphere ± Heterogeneous: mixture that is different throughout. Examples: ocean, Italian salad dressing 7

8 EQ: How will I define, identify, and different types of matter? Compounds vs. Mixtures Compound Mixture Combination Properties Composition Are CHEMICALLY combined Loses the properties of its ingredients Have fixed compositions Are PHYSICALLY combined Retains the properties of its ingredients Have variable compositions 8