Chapter 17: Energy and Kinetics
|
|
- Barnaby Webster
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Pages S K K Chapter 17: Energy and Kinetics Thermochemistry: Causes of change in systems Kinetics: Rate of reaction progress (speed) Heat, Energy, and Temperature changes S J J
2 Heat vs Temperature Heat measure of energy change in a system. Temperature measure of the average kinetic energy (movement) of the particles in a system. Exothermic System loses energy to surroundings Endothermic System gains energy from surroundings K = C Bires, 2010-b Slide 2
3 Specific Heat Specific Heat measure of how a substance reacts to heat energy changes. Think thermal inertia is the heat energy required to raise one gram of a pure substance one degree Celsius. is a property of matter; different species have different Specific Heats. The symbol we use is c p. The p stands for constant pressure while heat is added or lost. Bires, 2010-b Slide 3
4 Specific Heat Capacity Metals have very low c p, which is why metals often feel cold to the touch. Water has a very high c p, J/g 0C Substances with lower c p will rise in temperature faster and require less energy to do so than do substances with high c p. Substance Water (0 o C to 100 o C) J/g/ o C or J/g/K cal/g/ o C or cal/g/k Zinc Ice (-10 o C to 0 o C) Steam (100 o C) Brass Wood (typical) Soil (typical) Air (50 o C) Aluminum Tin Glass (typical) Iron/Steel Copper Silver Mercury Gold Lead Bires, 2010-b Slide 4
5 Specific Heat Capacity Cp (H 2 O) = C p units are J/g 0 C) Q Change in heat (joules, J) = Change in temperature (degree, 0 C) x Mass (mass, g) x = ΔT m 1 calorie = Joules Specific Heat Capacity (4.184 for water) c p Bires, 2010-b Slide 5
6 Specific Heat Example Exercise Q = ΔT m c p Determine the specific heat of 34 grams of an unknown material if 485 J of heat are absorbed to change the temperature by 20.0 o C. If 950 J of heat are added to 5.4 ml of water at 280 K, what will be the resulting temperature of the water? (hint: ml g) Bires, 2010-b Slide 6
7 The Calorimeter The Calorimeter (shown) Heat energy is transferred from a reaction inside the calorimeter to the water in the calorimeter. The temperature change of the water is observed. Text page 519 When two objects are in contact, they eventually obtain Thermal Equilibrium; their temperatures become equal. Bires, 2010-b Slide 7
8 Enthalpy, ΔH Enthalpy heat energy transferred for a specific change to take place. We specify enthalpy with ΔH. Δ means change in. Exothermic reaction negative enthalpy (-ΔH ) Endothermic reaction Positive enthalpy (+ΔH). The universe favors LOW energy states -if the products have lower energy reaction is favored. Elements in their standard (elemental) state have a ΔH of zero. O 2, Fe, Cu, N 2, He, etc are have H f = 0 kj/mol Bires, 2010-b Slide 8
9 Enthalpy, ΔH Some common changes involving ΔH: ΔH fus = heat of fusion ΔH vap = heat of vaporization ΔH cond = heat of condensation ΔH sub = heat of sublimation ΔH rxn = heat of reaction ΔH f = heat of formation ΔH sol = heat of solution ΔH comb = heat of combustion State change to/from? Sign of ΔH? Changes of State.mov Bires, 2010-b Slide 9
10 Phase Changes 1. Solid + heat = temp 2. Solid + heat = phase change 3. Liquid + heat =? 4. And then? 5. Gas + heat =? temperature temperature Heat added Heat added ΔQ = cmδt ΔQ = ml Bires, 2010-b Slide 10
11 Reaction Enthalpy If ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O kJ ΔH rxn = kj/mol energy If ΔH is positive, the reaction is endothermic. energy 2H 2 O kJ 2H 2 + O 2 ΔH rxn = kj/mol Bires, 2010-b Slide 12
12 Spontaneous Spontaneity A reaction that will proceed on its own once started. Sometimes, all the reaction needs to get going is the kinetic energy of nearby colliding atoms. Kinetic Molecular Theory: All Matter is made of particles in constant motion Some collisions are more energetic than others. Why? Spontaneous combustion occurs when the kinetic energy of colliding oxygen molecules striking a fuel have enough energy on their own to start the combustion reaction. Bires, 2010-b Slide 13
13 ΔH rxn Exothermic Reaction: products have lower energy than do the reactants. What if endothermic? Bires, 2010-b Slide 14
14 In the diagram, the hump is called a activation energy barrier - the amount of energy required for the reaction to begin. Activated complex We can reduce the activation energy with a catalyst. All reactions require some sort of activation energy, E a. Bires, 2010-b Slide 15
15 Hess s Law: If two reactions begin with the same reactants in the same condition and end with the same products in the same condition, they must have the same enthalpy change. It doesn t matter if you perform a reaction in several steps or produce your final product in one step, the enthalpy change will be the same. Consider the reaction A + B D : A + B kj C then C + 50 kj D Must be the same as A + B kj D Bires, 2010-b Slide 16
16 Hess s Law Enthalpy of Reaction ΔH rxn = H products H reactants = ΣH f, all the products ΣH f, all the reactants Sum of Enthalpy of Formation Bires, 2010-b Slide 17
17 Hess s Law Example Exercise ΔH rxn = H products H reactants Calculate the heat of reaction when 350 grams of methane, CH 4 are burned in excess oxygen. H f book values for each species are: CH 4(g) = kj/mol O 2(g) =? H 2 O (g) CO 2(g) = kj/mol = kj/mol Bires, 2010-b Slide 18
18 Entropy Entropy, ΔS is a measure of relative disorder. Thermodynamics tells us that the universe tends towards disorder or entropy. Temperature affects entropy (why?) Entropy calculations are very similar to enthalpy calculations: EntropyandTemperature.swf ΔS rxn = ΣS products ΣS reactants Entropy has the unit J/K*mol Bires, 2010-b Slide 19
19 Entropy, ΔS The universe tends towards entropy entropy plays a part in predicting whether or not a reaction will be spontaneous. Solids have very low entropy Gases have very high entropy Solutions also have high entropy Bires, 2010-b Slide 20
20 Qualitative Entropy Values We can make generalizations about a reaction s entropy; 2KClO 3(s) 2KCl (s) + 3O 2(g) 2 solids 2 solids + 3 gases Entropy appears to increase in this reaction. Bires, 2010-b Slide 21
21 Quantitative Entropy Values 2KClO 3(s) 2KCl (s) + 3O 2(g) S of KClO 3(s) S of KCl (s) S of O 2(g) = J/mol*K = 82.6 J/mol*K = J/mol*K Using ΔS rxn = S products S reactants, the reaction has a total entropy change of J/mol*K Bires, 2010-b Slide 22
22 Entropy Values A positive ΔS = increase in entropy A negative ΔS = decrease in entropy Do not confuse entropy and enthalpy! Tending toward spontaneity: Negative Enthalpy (-ΔH) Positive Entropy (+ΔS) Bires, 2010-b Slide 23
23 Free energy, ΔG: Free Energy, ΔG allows us to assign a value to an entire reaction to predict whether a reaction is spontaneous, product favored. or nonspontaneous, reactant-favored. Named for American Chemist, J. Willard Gibbs ΔG ΔH TΔS Free Energy kj/mol Enthalpy kj/mol Entropy J/mol K temperature in Kelvin Bires, 2010-b Slide 24
24 Gibbs Free Energy, ΔG rxn Negative Gibbs Energy (-ΔG rxn ) Spontaneous, Product favored Positive Gibbs Energy (+ΔG rxn ) Nonspontaneous, Reactant favored A ΔG of zero means that neither the products nor reactants are favored-the reaction is in equilibrium. Bires, 2010-b Slide 25
25 ΔG = ΔH - TΔS Bires, 2010-b Slide 26
26 Reaction Rates Reaction rates how fast a reaction proceeds. Some factors will affect reaction rate: Temperature of reactants: higher = faster Concentration of reactants: greater = faster Surface area of reactants: greater = faster (powders react faster than chunks) Pressure of gaseous reactants: greater = faster Catalyst presence: catalysts make rxns faster reduce activation energy! are not used up (not reactants) Bires, 2010-b Slide 27
27 Rate Laws For any reaction: aa + bb cc + dd The rate is based on the [reactants]: Rate = k[ A][ B ] [X] : 1 st order : 2x [A], 2x rate [X] 2 : 2 nd order : 2x [A], 4x rate [X] 3 : 3 rd order : 2x [A], 8x rate Rate = k[a] 2 Rate = k[a] 3 Rate = k[a] End of C17, conclusion follows Bires, 2010-b Slide 28
28 In conclusion Recall that K = C Specific Heat Capacity, c p (J/gK) the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 gram, 1 degree Enthalpy, ΔH (kj/mol) the heat energy transferred in a reaction Entropy, ΔS (J/mol-K) the change in disorder of the species in a reaction Gibbs Free Energy, ΔG (kj/mol) measure of spontaneity; how product favored or reactant favored a reaction is Bires, 2010-b Slide 29
29 CCSD Syllabus Objectives 16.1: Thermodynamics, definition 16.2: Exothermic/Endothermic 16.3: Changes in Enthalpy 16.4: Thermochemical Calculations 16.5: Energy Diagrams 16.6: Enthalpy-Entropy-Free Energy 17.1: Kinetics Definition 17.2: Factors that Affect Reaction Rate Bires, 2010-b Slide 30
30 Aligned Labs and Demos Lab: Flaming Cheeto Calorimetry Lab Lab: Metals Calorimetry Lab Lab: NaOH-HCl Enthalpy of Reaction Lab Lab: Ba(OH) 2-8H 2 O w/ NH 4 NO 3 and H 2 O 2 with a catalyst Free Energy Lab Lab: KI-H 2 O 2 Kinetics Lab Demo: Carbon Snake with powdered vs granular sugar (Kinetics) Bires, 2010-b Slide 31
I. The Nature of Energy A. Energy
I. The Nature of Energy A. Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat. It exists in 2 forms: 1. Potential energy is energy due to the composition or position of an object. 2. Kinetic energy is energy
More informationChapter 15 Energy and Chemical Change
Chapter 15 Energy and Chemical Change Chemical reactions usually absorb or release energy. Section 1: Energy Section 2: Heat Section 3: Thermochemical Equations Section 4: Calculating Enthalpy Change Section
More informationChemical Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a Greek term which means, heat power. Thermodynamics is the study of energy and its transformations. 2 Thermodynamics Thermochemistry how we observe,
More informationCHAPTER 17 Thermochemistry
CHAPTER 17 Thermochemistry Thermochemistry The study of the heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical changes of state. Chemical Change: new substances created during chemical reaction
More informationThermochemistry. Energy and Chemical Change
Thermochemistry Energy and Chemical Change Energy Energy can change for and flow, but it is always conserved. The Nature of Energy Energy the ability to do work or produce heat Potential energy Kinetic
More informationEnergy and Chemical Change
Energy and Chemical Change Section 15.1 Energy Section 15.2 Heat Section 15.3 Thermochemical Equations Section 15.4 Calculating Enthalpy Change Section 15.5 Reaction Spontaneity Click a hyperlink or folder
More informationUnit 7 Kinetics and Thermodynamics
17.1 The Flow of Energy Heat and Work Unit 7 Kinetics and Thermodynamics I. Energy Transformations A. Temperature 1. A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter B. Heat
More informationThermochemistry. Energy and Chemical Change
Thermochemistry Energy and Chemical Change Energy Energy can change for and flow, but it is always conserved. The Nature of Energy Energy the ability to do work or produce heat Potential energy Kinetic
More informationThermodynamics- Chapter 19 Schedule and Notes
Thermodynamics- Chapter 19 Schedule and Notes Date Topics Video cast DUE Assignment during class time One Review of thermodynamics ONE and TWO Review of thermo Wksheet Two 19.1-4; state function THREE
More informationWarm up. 1) What is the conjugate acid of NH 3? 2) What is the conjugate base of HNO 2? 3) If the ph is 9.2, what is the [H 3 O + ], poh, and [OH - ]?
Warm up 1) What is the conjugate acid of NH 3? 2) What is the conjugate base of HNO 2? 3) If the ph is 9.2, what is the [H 3 O + ], poh, and [OH - ]? 4) What is the concentration of H 2 SO 4 if 30.1 ml
More informationEnergy Ability to produce change or do work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat (q) Quantity of thermal energy
THERMOCHEMISTRY Thermodynamics Study of energy and its interconversions Energy is TRANSFORMED in a chemical reaction (POTENTIAL to KINETIC) HEAT (energy transfer) is also usually produced or absorbed -SYSTEM:
More informationEnergy. Different types of energy exist (heat, potential, kinetic, chemical, nuclear etc.)
Change in Energy Energy Different types of energy exist (heat, potential, kinetic, chemical, nuclear etc.) Heat - the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures. Unit of heat
More informationEnergy Ability to produce change or do work. First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat (q) Quantity of thermal energy
THERMOCHEMISTRY Thermodynamics Study of energy and its interconversions Energy is TRANSFORMED in a chemical reaction (POTENTIAL to KINETIC) HEAT (energy transfer) is also usually produced or absorbed -SYSTEM:
More informationThermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Reactions
Thermochemistry: Energy Flow and Chemical Reactions Outline thermodynamics internal energy definition, first law enthalpy definition, energy diagrams, calorimetry, theoretical calculation (heats of formation
More informationTypes of Energy Calorimetry q = mc T Thermochemical Equations Hess s Law Spontaneity, Entropy, Gibb s Free energy
Unit 7: Energy Outline Types of Energy Calorimetry q = mc T Thermochemical Equations Hess s Law Spontaneity, Entropy, Gibb s Free energy Energy Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat. The energy
More informationUNIT 15 - Reaction Energy & Reaction Kinetics. I. Thermochemistry: study of heat in chemical reactions and phase changes
I. Thermochemistry: study of heat in chemical reactions and phase changes II. A. Heat equation (change in temperature): Q = m. C. p T 1. Q = heat (unit is Joules) 2. m = mass (unit is grams) 3. C p = specific
More informationThermochemistry: the study of energy (in the from of heat) changes that accompany physical & chemical changes
Thermochemistry Thermochemistry: the study of energy (in the from of heat) changes that accompany physical & chemical changes heat flows from high to low (hot cool) endothermic reactions: absorb energy
More informationEnergy and Chemical Change
Energy and Chemical Change Section 16.1 Energy In your textbook, read about the nature of energy. In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the italicized
More informationChapter 6. Heat Flow
Chapter 6 Thermochemistry Heat Flow Heat (q): energy transferred from body at high T to body at low T Two definitions: System: part of universe we are interested in Surrounding: the rest of the universe
More informationTopic 05 Energetics : Heat Change. IB Chemistry T05D01
Topic 05 Energetics 5.1-5.2: Heat Change IB Chemistry T05D01 5.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions - 1 hour 5.1.1 Define the terms exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction and standard enthalpy change
More informationChapter 10 Lecture Notes: Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Lecture Notes: Thermodynamics During this unit of study, we will cover three main areas. A lot of this information is NOT included in your text book, which is a shame. Therefore, the notes you
More informationChemistry Chapter 16. Reaction Energy
Chemistry Reaction Energy Section 16.1.I Thermochemistry Objectives Define temperature and state the units in which it is measured. Define heat and state its units. Perform specific-heat calculations.
More informationCP Chapter 17 Thermochemistry
CP Chapter 17 Thermochemistry Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the study of energy that occur during chemical reactions and phase changes (changes of state) The Nature of Energy Energy is the ability
More informationCh 17 Free Energy and Thermodynamics - Spontaneity of Reaction
Ch 17 Free Energy and Thermodynamics - Spontaneity of Reaction Modified by Dr. Cheng-Yu Lai spontaneous nonspontaneous Spontaneous Processes Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are nonspontaneous
More informationSaturday Study Session 1 3 rd Class Student Handout Thermochemistry
Saturday Study Session 1 3 rd Class Student Handout Thermochemistry Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. C 2 H 4 (g) + 3 O 2 (g) 2 CO 2 (g)
More informationChapter 8 Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy. Chemical Thermodynamics
Chapter 8 Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy Chapter 8 1 Chemical Thermodynamics Chemical Thermodynamics is the study of the energetics of a chemical reaction. Thermodynamics deals with the absorption or
More informationThermochemistry. Chapter 6. Dec 19 8:52 AM. Thermochemistry. Energy: The capacity to do work or to produce heat
Chapter 6 Dec 19 8:52 AM Intro vocabulary Energy: The capacity to do work or to produce heat Potential Energy: Energy due to position or composition (distance and strength of bonds) Kinetic Energy: Energy
More informationThermochemistry Chapter 8
Thermochemistry Chapter 8 Thermochemistry First law of thermochemistry: Internal energy of an isolated system is constant; energy cannot be created or destroyed; however, energy can be converted to different
More informationChapter 8 Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy
Chapter 8 Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy 國防醫學院生化學科王明芳老師 2011-11-8 & 2011-11-15 Chapter 8/1 Energy and Its Conservation Conservation of Energy Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be
More informationThe Nature of Energy Energy is the ability to do work or produce Heat, q or Q, is ; flows due to temperature differences (always to )
CP Chapter 17 Thermochemistry 2014-2015 Thermochemistry Thermochemistry is the study of energy that occur during chemical and physical changes (changes of state) The Nature of Energy Energy is the ability
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 4-1 THERMOCHEMISTRY: ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 4-1 THERMOCHEMISTRY: ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY Reaction Rate how fast a chemical reaction occurs Collision Theory In order for a chemical reaction to occur, the following conditions must
More informationSection 1 - Thermochemistry
Reaction Energy Section 1 - Thermochemistry Virtually every chemical reaction is accompanied by a change in energy. Chemical reactions usually absorb or release energy as heat. You learned in Chapter 12
More informationCh. 14 Notes ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGE NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.
Ch. 14 Notes ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGE NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. I. Energy the capacity to do work or produce heat A. two basic types of
More informationCHAPTER 17: THERMOCHEMISTRY. Mrs. Brayfield
CHAPTER 17: THERMOCHEMISTRY Mrs. Brayfield REVIEW What is the law of conservation of energy? It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed So the energy of any process is the same THERMOCHEMISTRY
More informationChapter 20: Thermodynamics
Chapter 20: Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of energy (including heat) and chemical processes. First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. E universe = E system + E
More informationCh. 17 Thermochemistry
Ch. 17 Thermochemistry 17.1 The Flow of Energy Energy Transformations Thermochemistry: study of energy changes in chemical reactions and changes in state Chemical potential energy: energy stored in bonds
More informationThermochemistry: Heat and Chemical Change
Thermochemistry: Heat and Chemical Change 1 Heat or Thermal Energy (q) Heat is a form of energy Is heat the same as temperature? Heat flows between two objects at different temperatures. Hot Cold 2 Chemical
More informationChapter 5 Thermochemistry. 許富銀 ( Hsu Fu-Yin)
Chapter 5 Thermochemistry 許富銀 ( Hsu Fu-Yin) 1 Thermodynamics The study of energy and its transformations is known as thermodynamics The relationships between chemical reactions and energy changes that
More informationAP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY
AP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY Let s begin with terms for you to master: Heat (q) Two systems with different temperatures that are in thermal contact will exchange thermal energy, the quantity of which
More informationEnergy Heat Work Heat Capacity Enthalpy
Energy Heat Work Heat Capacity Enthalpy 1 Prof. Zvi C. Koren 20.07.2010 Thermodynamics vs. Kinetics Thermodynamics Thermo = Thermo + Dynamics E (Note: Absolute E can never be determined by humans!) Can
More informationCh. 6 Enthalpy Changes
Ch. 6 Enthalpy Changes Energy: The capacity to do work. In Physics, there are 2 main types of energy Kinetic (energy of motion) = ½ mv 2 Potential (energy of position due to gravity)= mgh In Chemistry,
More informationThermochemistry. Energy. 1st Law of Thermodynamics. Enthalpy / Calorimetry. Enthalpy of Formation
THERMOCHEMISTRY Thermochemistry Energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics Enthalpy / Calorimetry Hess' Law Enthalpy of Formation The Nature of Energy Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy Kinetic energy is the energy
More informationMr Chiasson Advanced Chemistry 12 / Chemistry 12 1 Unit B: Thermochemical Changes
Mr Chiasson Advanced Chemistry 12 / Chemistry 12 1 Unit B: Thermochemical Changes Students will be expected to: Compare the molar enthalpies of several combustion reactions involving organic compounds.
More informationAdvanced Chemistry Practice Problems
Thermodynamics: Review of Thermochemistry 1. Question: What is the sign of DH for an exothermic reaction? An endothermic reaction? Answer: ΔH is negative for an exothermic reaction and positive for an
More informationThermodynamics. Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions. Enthalpy change
Thermodynamics 1 st law (Cons of Energy) Deals with changes in energy Energy in chemical systems Total energy of an isolated system is constant Total energy = Potential energy + kinetic energy E p mgh
More informationReaction Energy. Thermochemistry
Reaction Energy Thermochemistry Thermochemistry The study of the transfers of energy as heat that accompany chemical reactions & physical changes Thermochemistry -In studying heat changes, think of defining
More informationCHAPTER 16 REVIEW. Reaction Energy. SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 16 REVIEW Reaction Energy SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. For elements in their standard state, the value of H 0 f is 0. 2. The formation and decomposition
More informationEnergy, Heat and Chemical Change
Energy, Heat and Chemical Change Chemistry 35 Fall 2000 Thermochemistry A part of Thermodynamics dealing with energy changes associated with physical and chemical reactions Why do we care? -will a reaction
More informationTHERMOCHEMISTRY CHAPTER 11
THERMOCHEMISTRY CHAPTER 11 ENERGY AND HEAT nthermochemistry: The study of the energy changes that accompany chemical reactions and changes in the physical states of matter. ENERGY AND HEAT nwork: Energy
More informationCHM 111 Dr. Kevin Moore
CHM 111 Dr. Kevin Moore Kinetic Energy Energy of motion E k 1 2 mv 2 Potential Energy Energy of position (stored) Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted
More informationWorksheet 5.2. Chapter 5: Energetics fast facts
Worksheet 52 Chapter 5: Energetics fast facts 51 Exothermic and endothermic reactions Energetics deals with heat changes in chemical reactions Enthalpy is the amount of heat energy contained in a substance
More informationAP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY
AP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY Terms for you to learn that will make this unit understandable: Energy (E) the ability to do work or produce heat ; the sum of all potential and kinetic energy in a system
More information11B, 11E Temperature and heat are related but not identical.
Thermochemistry Key Terms thermochemistry heat thermochemical equation calorimeter specific heat molar enthalpy of formation temperature enthalpy change enthalpy of combustion joule enthalpy of reaction
More informationUnit 15 Energy and Thermochemistry Notes
Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 15 Energy and Thermochemistry Notes Quiz Date Exam Date Lab Dates Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS Academic Chemistry Website: https://cincochem.pbworks.com
More informationCollision Theory. Unit 12: Chapter 18. Reaction Rates. Activation Energy. Reversible Reactions. Reversible Reactions. Reaction Rates and Equilibrium
Collision Theory For reactions to occur collisions between particles must have Unit 12: Chapter 18 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium the proper orientation enough kinetic energy See Both In Action 1 2 Activation
More informationEnergy and Chemical Change
Energy and Chemical Change Section 15.1 Energy In your textbook, read about the nature of energy. In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the italicized
More informationFirst Law of Thermodynamics
Energy Energy: ability to do work or produce heat. Types of energy 1) Potential energy - energy possessed by objects due to position or arrangement of particles. Forms of potential energy - electrical,
More informationName Date Class THE FLOW OF ENERGY HEAT AND WORK
17.1 THE FLOW OF ENERGY HEAT AND WORK Section Review Objectives Explain the relationship between energy, heat, and work Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic processes Distinguish between heat
More information_ + Units of Energy. Energy in Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry. Energy flow between system and surroundings. 100º C heat 50º C
Units of Energy Like we saw with pressure, many different units are used throughout the world for energy. SI unit for energy 1kg m 1J = 2 s 2 Joule (J) calorie (cal) erg (erg) electron volts (ev) British
More informationThermochemistry. Energy (and Thermochemistry) World of Chemistry Chapter 10. Energy. Energy
Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the science of the relationship between heat and other forms of energy. (and Thermochemistry) World of Chemistry Chapter 10 is defined as the ability to do work or produce
More informationChapter 6. Thermochemistry
Chapter 6 Thermochemistry Section 5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases http://www.scuc.txed.net/webpages/dmackey/files /chap06notes.pdf ..\..\..\..\..\..\Videos\AP Videos\Thermochemistry\AP
More informationSpontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy
Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy A ball rolls spontaneously down a hill but not up. Spontaneous Processes A reaction that will occur without outside intervention; product favored Most reactants are
More informationName Class Date. As you read Lesson 17.1, use the cause and effect chart below. Complete the chart with the terms system and surroundings.
Name Class Date Thermochemistry 17.1 The Flow of Energy As you read Lesson 17.1, use the cause and effect chart below. Complete the chart with the terms system and surroundings. Process Cause Effect endothermic
More informationTopic 5: Energetics. Heat & Calorimetry. Thursday, March 22, 2012
Topic 5: Energetics Heat & Calorimetry 1 Heat is energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a body
More informationMCAT General Chemistry Discrete Question Set 19: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
MCAT General Chemistry Discrete Question Set 19: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics Question No. 1 of 10 1: A metal with a high heat capacity is put on a hot plate. What will happen? Question #01 A. The
More informationDisorder and Entropy. Disorder and Entropy
Disorder and Entropy Suppose I have 10 particles that can be in one of two states either the blue state or the red state. How many different ways can we arrange those particles among the states? All particles
More informationEnergy Changes in Reactions p
Energy Changes in Reactions p.126 210 Heat vs. temperature: Heat is a form of energy, it is transferred from one system to another Temperature is an indication of the intensity of heat, it measures the
More informationThermochemistry: Part of Thermodynamics
Thermochemistry: Part of Thermodynamics Dr. Vickie M. Williamson @vmwilliamson Student Version 1 Chemical Thermodynamics! Thermodynamics: study of the energy changes associated with physical and chemical
More informationASSIGNMENT SHEET #11 APQ ANSWERS
ASSIGNMENT SHEET #11 APQ ANSWERS #1 a. The unit for q must be an energy unit, typically Joules or calories. The unit for mass is the gram. The unit for specific heat is J per gram-degree or calorie per
More informationThermodynamics Cont. Subtitle
Thermodynamics Cont. Subtitle System vs. Surroundings The system- the reactants and products of a reaction The surroundings- everything that surrounds a reaction Thermochemistry is concerned with the flow
More informationFebruary 16, Stoichiometry.notebook. Feb 4 8:11 PM. Feb 4 8:09 PM. Feb 4 8:13 PM. Feb 4 8:28 PM. Feb 4 8:13 PM.
Stoichiometry You already know how to predict what products are produced. The goal of stoich is to predict how much products are produced. 4 Major Types of Stoichiometry Problems 1. Mole Mole 2. Mass Mass
More informationUnit 15 Energy and Thermochemistry Notes
Name KEY Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 15 Energy and Thermochemistry Notes Quiz Date Exam Date Lab Dates Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS Academic Chemistry Website: https://cincochem.pbworks.com
More informationGummy Bear Demonstration:
Name: Unit 8: Chemical Kinetics Date: Regents Chemistry Aim: _ Do Now: a) Using your glossary, define chemical kinetics: b) Sort the phrases on the SmartBoard into the two columns below. Endothermic Rxns
More informationThermodynamics Test Clio Invitational January 26, 2013
Thermodynamics Test Clio Invitational January 26, 2013 School Name: Team Number: Variables specified: s = specific heat C = heat capacity H f = heat of fusion H v = heat of vaporization Given information:
More informationUnit 4: Thermochemistry
Unit 4: Thermochemistry The making and breaking of bonds only happen as a result of energy being exchanged. Some reactions give off energy and some take in energy. This unit is all about the energy of
More informationEnthalpy. Enthalpy. Enthalpy. Enthalpy. E = q + w. Internal Energy at Constant Volume SYSTEM. heat transfer in (endothermic), +q
heat transfer in (endothermic), +q heat transfer out (exothermic), -q SYSTEM E = q + w w transfer in (+w) w transfer out (-w) Internal Energy at Constant Volume E = KE + PE ΔE = q + w Because most systems,
More informationChemical Thermodynamics
Page III-16-1 / Chapter Sixteen Lecture Notes Chemical Thermodynamics Thermodynamics and Kinetics Chapter 16 Chemistry 223 Professor Michael Russell How to predict if a reaction can occur, given enough
More informationTo calculate heat (q) for a given temperature change: heat (q) = (specific heat) (mass) ( T) where T = T f T i
Use your textbook or other resources available to answer the following questions General Information: Thermochemistry Phase Change A change in the physical form/state but not a change in the chemical identity
More informationThermochemistry Chapter 4
Thermochemistry Chapter 4 Thermochemistry is the study of energy changes that occur during chemical reactions Focus is on heat and matter transfer between the system and the surroundings Energy The ability
More informationOAT General Chemistry Problem Drill 15: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics
OAT General Chemistry Problem Drill 15: Thermochemistry & Thermodynamics Question No. 1 of 10 1. A metal with a high heat capacity is put on a hot plate. What will happen? Question #01 (A) The temperature
More informationUnit 10 Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Equilibrium Notes
Unit 10 Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Equilibrium Notes What is Thermodynamics? Almost all chemical reactions involve a between the and its. Thermo = Dynamics = What is energy? What is heat? Thermochemistry
More information10-1 Heat 10-2 Calorimetry 10-3 Enthalpy 10-4 Standard-State Enthalpies 10-5 Bond Enthalpies 10-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Thermochemistry 10-1 Heat 10-2 Calorimetry 10-3 Enthalpy 10-4 Standard-State Enthalpies 10-5 Bond Enthalpies 10-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics OFB Chap. 10 1 Chapter 10 Thermochemistry Heat
More informationEnergy Transformations
Thermochemistry Energy Transformations Thermochemistry - concerned with heat changes that occur during chemical reactions Energy - capacity for doing work or supplying heat weightless, odorless, tasteless
More informationChemical Thermodynamics
Quiz A 42.8 ml solution of ammonia (NH 3 ) is titrated with a solution of 0.9713 M hydrochloric acid. The initial reading on the buret containing the HCl was 47.13 ml and the final reading when the endpoint
More informationUnit 2: Thermodynamics & Kinetics. Thermochemistry: study of the energy changes that accompany physical or chemical changes in matter
Change in Matter and Energy (pg 298) Unit 2: Thermodynamics & Kinetics Thermochemistry: study of the energy changes that accompany physical or chemical changes in matter When you are studying transfers
More information7/19/2011. Models of Solution. State of Equilibrium. State of Equilibrium Chemical Reaction
Models of Solution Chemistry- I State of Equilibrium A covered cup of coffee will not be colder than or warmer than the room temperature Heat is defined as a form of energy that flows from a high temperature
More informationUnit 5: Spontaneity of Reaction. You need to bring your textbooks everyday of this unit.
Unit 5: Spontaneity of Reaction You need to bring your textbooks everyday of this unit. THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Energy is conserved ΔE = q + w 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics A
More informationChapter 6 Problems: 9, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31-33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 48, 53, 55, 57, 59, 65, 67, 73, 78-82, 85, 89, 93
Chapter 6 Problems: 9, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31-33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 48, 53, 55, 57, 59, 65, 67, 73, 78-82, 85, 89, 93 Chapter 6 Thermochemistry The study of chemical reactions and the energy changes
More informationCHEM 1105 S10 March 11 & 14, 2014
CHEM 1105 S10 March 11 & 14, 2014 Today s topics: Thermochemistry (Chapter 6) Basic definitions Calorimetry Enthalpy Thermochemical equations Calculating heats of reaction Hess s Law Energy and Heat Some
More informationChapter 11. Thermochemistry: Heat & Chemical Change
Chapter 11 Thermochemistry: Heat & Chemical Change The Flow of Energy Thermochemistry: Study of heat changes that occur during physical processes and chemical reactions Energy Energy is the capacity to
More informationThermochemistry-Part 1
Brad Collins Thermochemistry-Part 1 Chapter 7 Thermochemistry Thermodynamics: The study of energy Thermochemistry: The study of energy in chemical reactions Energy: The capacity to do work Work = force
More informationChapter 5 Thermochemistry
Chapter 5 Thermochemistry Section 17.1 The Flow of Energy Heat and Work OBJECTIVES: Explain how energy, heat, and work are related. 2 Section 17.1 The Flow of Energy Heat and Work OBJECTIVES: Classify
More informationThermodynamics: Free Energy and Entropy. Suggested Reading: Chapter 19
Thermodynamics: Free Energy and Entropy Suggested Reading: Chapter 19 System and Surroundings System: An object or collection of objects being studied. Surroundings: Everything outside of the system. the
More informationChapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics Entropy and free energy
Chapter 19 Chemical Thermodynamics Entropy and free energy Learning goals and key skills: Explain and apply the terms spontaneous process, reversible process, irreversible process, and isothermal process.
More informationENTROPY
ENTROPY 6.2.8 6.2.11 ENTHALPY VS. ENTROPY ENTROPY (S) the disorder of a system - solid liquid gas = entropy - gas liquid solid = entropy - mixing substances always = entropy SPONTANEOUS VS. NONSPONTANEOUS
More informationThermochemistry is the study of the relationships between chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat.
CHEM134- F18 Dr. Al- Qaisi Chapter 06: Thermodynamics Thermochemistry is the study of the relationships between chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat. Energy is anything that has the capacity
More informationChapter 6: Thermochemistry
Chapter 6: Thermochemistry 1. Light the Furnace: The Nature of Energy and Its Transformations a. Thermochemistry is the study of the relationships between chemistry and energy i. This means that we will
More information10-1 Heat 10-2 Calorimetry 10-3 Enthalpy 10-4 Standard-State Enthalpies 10-5 Bond Enthalpies 10-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics
Chapter 10 Thermochemistry 10-1 Heat 10-2 Calorimetry 10-3 Enthalpy 10-4 Standard-State Enthalpies 10-5 Bond Enthalpies 10-6 The First Law of Thermodynamics OFB Chap. 10 1 OFB Chap. 10 2 Thermite Reaction
More informationAP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY
AP* Chemistry THERMOCHEMISTRY Let s begin with terms for you to master: Energy (E) the ability to do work or produce heat; the sum of all potential and kinetic energy in a system is known as the internal
More informationChapter 5: Thermochemistry. Molecular Kinetic Energy -Translational energy E k, translational = 1/2mv 2 -Rotational energy 5.
Chapter 5: Thermochemistry 1. Thermodynamics 2. Energy 3. Specific Heat 4. Enthalpy 5. Enthalpies of Reactions 6. Hess s Law 7. State Functions 8. Standard Enthalpies of Formation 9. Determining Enthalpies
More information