Bell Work, Dec 8 Dec 12, Unit 6, Periodic table, Ions, Bohr Model, Bonding

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1 Bell Work, Dec 8 Dec 12, 2014 Unit 6, Periodic table, Ions, Bohr Model, Bonding

2 Bell Work, Monday, Dec 8, To become a positive tape A. The tape must gain positive charge, thus has excess positive charge. B. the tape must lose positive charge, thus have excess negative charge C. the top tape must gain negative charge, thus have excess negitive charge D. The top tape must lose negative charge and thus have excess positive charge. 2. Below are groups of the inner cores of the atoms of the tapes after they have been pulled apart. Sketch in the mobile negative charges to show how the top tape becomes (+) and the bottom becomes (-). Before tapes are separated After tapes are separated

3 Bell Work, Monday, Dec 8, Below are groups of the inner cores of the atoms of the tapes after they have been pulled apart. Sketch in the mobile negative charges to show how the top tape becomes (+) and the bottom becomes (-). Before tapes are separated After tapes are separated Show more dots on the bottom tape, less dots on the positive tape. Neutral atoms have equal amounts of positive & negative charge. More dots after separation is excess negative charge, less dots after separation means more positive charge than negative charge, or excess positive charges and a positive charge.

4 Bell Work, Monday, Dec 8, Which of the following explain why one tape becomes positive and the other tape becomes negative? a. Some charged particle was transferred between atoms of the two tapes. b. Atoms contain smaller particles that carry an electric charge. c. The smaller, charged particle in the atom is negatively charged. d. The smaller, charged particle in the atom is mobile. All answers are correct

5 Bell Work, Tuesday, Dec 9, Experiments with the cathode-ray tube demonstrated that a. visible light was influenced by a magnet b. a cathode beam consists of charged particles c. atoms are negatively charged d. atoms contain a nucleus 2. J.J. Thomson a. discovered the nucleus of the atom b. suggested that the nucleus of the atom had a (+) charge c. proposed that the atom was a sphere of ( ) charge d. concluded that atoms contained mobile particles with a ( ) charge 3. Describe how JJ Thomson concluded that the mobile charged particle in the atom had a ( ) charge and that the mass must be much smaller than an atom. The cathode ray was attracted to a + electric field and mass to charge ratio more than 1800 times smaller than hydrogen (the smallest atom)

6 Bell Work, Wednesday, Dec 10, Draw the electrons in each atom bowl to show their arrangements when a positive charged top tape is brought near: a. Non-metal (paper) b. Metal (Al foil) 2. Explain why these arrangements of electrons would produce the observed attractions.

7 Bell Work, Wednesday, Dec 10, 2014 a. Nonmetal b. Metal (Al foil) 2. Explain why these arrangements of electrons would produce the observed attractions. Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity. We model this by either making the bowls of pudding deep or the pudding sticky so that electrons are not free to move from bowl to bowl. Metals are good conductors; bulk flow of electrons is possible in metals. So, the electrons tend to drift to the atoms on the side of the strip closest to the top (+) tape.

8 Bell Work, Thursday, Dec 11, What determines an elements identity & properties? The number of protons determines each element s identity and its properties. Each element has a unique number of protons. 2. What information does the atomic number convey? The atomic number is also the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and the number of electrons in a neutral atom (equal number of protons & electrons). 3. What is the mass number? Mass number: the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 4. What is an isotope? Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses. The isotopes of a particular element all have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.

9 Bell Work, Thursday, Dec 11, Define valence electrons. The electrons at the highest energy level (the outer electrons). It is these electrons that that determines the atom s chemical properties. 6. State the octet rule Ions, molecules, and chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet (8) of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. 7. What two elements are the exception to the octet rule Hydrogen and helium have a duet of electrons in their highest occupied energy level.

10 Bell Work, Thursday, Dec 11, An ionic bond is a bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (positive & negative ions). 9. In which type of bond do atoms share valence electrons? covalent bonds 10. Describe a covalent bond. Electrons are shared by neutral elements. 11. What is so special about Nobel Gasses (Group 18) All these elements have full outer energy levels (He has a duet & all the others have octets of valence electrons). The elements are inert (inert means they do not form ions nor do they react with other elements).

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