Polymerveredelung durch Nanotechnologie:

Transcription

1 Polymerveredelung durch Nanotechnologie: Hoch transparente Werkstoffe für die Laserbeschriftung Project House Functional Interfaces and Surfaces DECHEMA, Frankfurt, March 9 th 2005 Dr. Ralf Richter

2 The Promise of Nanomaterials & Composites Multifunctionality enhanced mechanical properties transparent and UV/IR Absorption transparent and conductive flexible, transparent, thermo-shapeable & scratch resistant flexible and temperature resistance transparent and self cleaning flexible and hard Some general thoughts about the selection of nanomaterials, matrices and geometry

3 Price: The Most Important Property of Nanomaterials Global Production Volume (t/a) Global nanopowders- Volume vs. Price C.B. filler C.B. cond. SiO 2 std. SiO 2 treated Traditional nanostructured materials Custom tailored nanomaterials isolated & surface modified nanomaterials Price (Euro/Kg)

4 Where do nanomaterials create value added? Custom tailored materials will create value added in: 2-dimensional geometry, e.g. coatings, films... Performance Polymers at very low concentrations High value matrices, e.g. Specialty Polymers & High Performance Plastics... Traditional nano structured materials create value added in standard application, but tailoring is even more demanded More complexity is generated by choice of nanosized fillers

5 Roadmap for nanomaterials by design from fundamentals to function First to do: Develop unit operations and robust scale-up and scale-down methodologies for manufacturing Develop dispersion and surface modification processes that retain functionality Priority: Top Time frame: 5 years Develop a fundamental understanding of structure-property and processing relationships at the nanoscale Develop models, theories, and experimental validation of physics and chemistry at the nanoscale, including kinetic and thermodynamic principles guiding synthesis and assembly Priority: Top Time frame: years 33 Major Tasks, including 115 Subtopics to be solved in 5-20 years Source: Chemical Industry Vision2020 Technology Partnership, Nanomaterials Roadmap

6 Requirements for Functional Nanocomposites Integration of: Future Customers Raw material suppliers Equipment manufacturers & SME Polymer Science & Processing Academia & leading edge R&D institutes integrated projects evaluation of technology prove of concept Nano-Particles & Technology provide new functionality PH- Polymers Early involvement of consulting expertise & Demonstrator Capability Surface / Interface Know-How enable homogenous distribution

7 Different Stabilization Methods for Nanoparticles Long loop electrostatically sterically Short loop Develop dispersion & surface modification processes that retain functionality* electrosterically Trains Tails Source: Chemical Industry Vision2020 Technology Partnership, Nanomaterials Roadmap

8 Nanocomposites Processing and Interface Stabilization how to avoid (re)-agglomeration No stabilization or to slow stabilization of the interface Fast stabilization of new formed surface In order to form real nanocomposites fast stabilization of the interface is critical, re-agglomeration is critical during processing There is no universal processing equipment for Nanocomposites

9 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites

10 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Polymers containing laser sensitive additives or styrene as a comonomer are easily laser markable but neither transparent nor weatherable Keytops out of laser markable VESTODUR resin Laser marked styrenics

11 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Laser Marking even for transparent substrates Key features Laser Marking Non-contact No consumables Environmentally friendly - no solvents Reliable - low maintenance No drying time Each item can have unique mark Biocompatible Abrasion resistant marks Transparent Nanocomposites have been developed for Polyamides and PMMA So far no simple solution for transparent laser marking is available in the market; the original polymer properties are not altered by the technology

12 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Mechanism of Laser-Marking: Nanoscaled absorbers can be used in transparent polymers like PMMA or Trogamid (Polyamide) to create Added Value for Laser-Marking and Laser-Welding Focussed Laser absorption by nanofiller foaming -> white carbonization -> black Discontinuity in refractive index or carbonization makes reading visible The basis for Laser-Marking and Laser-Welding is the custom tailored absorption spectrum of the Nanocomposite

13 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites The LASER should have an emission wavelength in the NIR region and high difference in absorbance is required for optimal welding results 100,00 90,00 80,00 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 Transmission /% Visible light Transmission Spectra Trogamid CX7323 Compound (PA) Nd:YAG-Laser wavelength/nm Increasing concentration of absorber

14 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Comparison of different polymers (composite & neat polymer) Polyamide based Nanocomposite vs neat material PMMA based Nanocomposite vs neat material

15 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Contrast measurements of PMMA-Nanocomposites Contrast of pure PMMA is not sufficient 5,00 4,50 4,00 3,50 Good readability guter Kontrast Contrastt 3,00 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00 Competitive Pigment Competitive Pigment (C-Reference) Bad readability schlechter Kontrast Increasing concentration of absorber Nanoscaled NIR- Absorber (1/10 Concentration) Nanoscaled NIR- Absorber (1/2 Concentration) Nanoscaled NIR- Absorber (same Concentration) Nanoscaled NIR- Absorber (10* Concentration) Reference Nanofiller Reference: Nanofiller no NIR-Absorber (same Concentration) Different NIR-Absorber different NIR- Absober (same Concentration) By adjusting the interface chemistry the contrast can be further increased

16 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Contrast measurements of PA-Nanocomposites Contrast depends on laser settings, writing speed, laser cycles & frequency Contrast against BaSO 4 standard Trogamid-Nanocomposite two cycles 15 A 17 A three laser cycles two laser cycles three laser cycles

17 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Dispersion quality is the key to real transparency Key-issues: Haze from scattering homogeneous energy uptake Isolated primary particles Aggregates

18 Highly Transparent Laser Markable Nanocomposites Dispersion quality is the key to real transparency Homogeneous energy uptake is essential Inhomogeneous absorber distribution leads to local overheating

19 Possible Opportunities for Laser Marking Labelling of pharmaceutical products Replacement of glass by polymers RSS standard for barcoding (Reduced Space Symbology) Universal Product Identifier for pharmaceutical products National Drug Code (NDC) directory administered by FDA Must be clearly displayed on all pharmaceutical products Anti-counterfeiting FDA Anti-counterfeiting Task Force combating counterfeit drugs

20 Possible Opportunities for Laser Marking Labelling of sample tubes in diagnostics laboratories Small samples, clear sample tubes Paper labels can become unreadable and can fall off after storage at low temperature Need to track and trace samples through process Ideally machine readable markings/labels Labelling of single use medical disposables Batch number could be added to all infusion sets urinary catheters, Provides traceability within the supply chain

21 The Project House Functional Interfaces and Surfaces Thank you for your attention Thank You for Your Attention Engineering the the Nanoscale is essential for real Nanocomposites