International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research Volume9, Issue8, August 2018 ISSN

Transcription

1 1847 Claiming Thery f Chemical Origin f Life Suggested by Oparin and Haldane Authr- Tushar Mathur Abstract- When I Observed latest Theries related t rigin f life that is Thery f Chemical Origin Of Life I gt a cncept that re are numerus cntradictins ry suggested by Oparin and Haldane0 in Thery Of Chemical Origin Of Life INTRODUCTION This argument paper is abut cntradictins which I fr better and prper explanatin f rigin f life n Planet Earth have bserved in Hypsis given by scientist Oparin And Halden After a lng term study f Oparin And Halden Hypsis which explains rigin f life n earth I bserved that re are sme majr cntradictins in Hypsis which are yet t be studied by evlutinary scientists When we study histry we will find that re are many scientists and philsphers wh have attempted t explain rigin f life n planet earth by help f several different ries given by m These ries are as fllws: THEORY OF ABIOGENESIS This ry was suggested by Aristtle and Plat Accrding t this Thery it was stated that all living Species riginates frm nn living substances But as this ry des nt have any platfrm r base ait was rejected by scientists THEORY OF SPECIAL CREATION This ry was suggested by Far Suarez a Spanish priest Accrding t this Thery all living Species were created by Gd and nt even living species but als all nn living and even planet Earth is created by Gd 2018 But this cncept was a cmpletely religius ne nt actually scientific ne. Hence this cncept was als rejected by scientists

2 1848 THEORY OF BIOGENESIS This Thery was suggested by Luis Pasteur Accrding t this ry Life riginates nly frm Pre Existing Life This Thery was actually cnclusin f a Expriment Knwn as Swan Neck Experiment In swan Neck Experiment Pasteur tk tw flasks ne with Straight neck and anr with curved neck like swan Bth cntainers were kept in an pen envirnment with a biled brth in it fr few days It was bserved that micrbial clnies were develped in cntainer with straight neck and nt gt develped cntainer with curve neck as straight neck cntainer was in direct cntact with envirnment Hence Luis Pasteur cncluded that Life riginates nly frm Pre Existing life nly But this ry explains Cntinuity f life On Earth but fails t explain Origin Of Life On The Earth Hence this ry was als rejected THEORY OF CHEMICAL ORIGIN OF LIFE/OPARIN AND HALDEN HYPOTHESIS This Thery was prpsed by scientists named OPARIN and HALDEN This Thery is universally accepted ry f rigin f life n earth This ry cnsist f fllwing pints: INITIAL ATOMIC PHASE Accrding t this initially all elements were present in ir atmic phase Havier Elements like Irn, Nickle etc. were present at center f Earth Relatively light weighted elements like Na, Mg, K etc. were present n surface f earth Mst Light weighted elements like H, O, N, C etc. were present abve surface f earth Later n Ammnia was frmed. Ammnia and Water Vapur are cnsidered t be first inrganic cmpunds f primitive atmsphere. ALL se elements frms primitive atmsphere f earth MOLECULAR PHASE Initially Hydrgen being mst reactive element reacted with xygen and frmed water vapur and in this prcess entire xygen was cnsumed As Entire xygen was cnsumed envirnment became reducing in nature 2018 FORMATION OF FIRST ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Due t cndensatin f Water vapur cluds were frmed and rainfall started. Gradually raindrps reached surface f Earth and filled depressins. That is Hw ceans were frmed This water in ceans cntains Nitrgen, Carbn and Ammnia Disslved Nitrgen and Carbn reacted with Metals and frms carbides and nitrides. Carbides and Nitrides Later n give rise t Methane and Hydrgen Cyanide. Methane and Hydrgen cyanide are cnsidered as first rganic cmpunds f primitive atmsphere All se substances were disslved in ceanic water and gradually y started t react with each r.

3 1849 Because f ses reactin simple rganic cmpunds were frmed fr example Amin acids, Mnsaccharides, Fatty acids, Nitrgen Bases etc. Gradually ceanic water became saturated frm se substances FORMATION OF PROTOBIONTS Prtbints were frmed in Labratry and It was assumed that this shuld be same methd hw life was riginated There are tw types f prtbints initially which are as fllws: a) Cacervates When mixture f prteins and plysaccharides is vigrusly shaken n sme cllidal drplets appears in slutin. These drplets are knwn as Cacervates They are nt cnsidered as precursrs f life as limiting membrane f lipid is absent arund it b) heated and immigiately cled n cllidal drplets appear in slutin knwn as Micrspheres. Micrspheres are cnsidered as precursr f life because: i. They psses limiting membrane arund m ii. They have ability t absrb glucse frm medium and y can als metablise it by help f simple reactins iii. They have ability t multiply by prcess same as budding MICROSPHERES When mixture f rganic cmpund is EARLY CELLS ACCORDING TO THE MODE OF NUTRITION A. CHEMOAUTOTROPHES AND ANAEROBES started t cnsume inrganic cmpunds fr prductin f energy They can be cmpared with irn bacteria f tday s era Earliest cells utilised disslved rganic cmpunds f ceanic water fr energy and y were anaerbes. Gradually all rganic cmpunds were cnsumed and nw y 2018 B. PHOTOAUTOTROPHES During curse f evlutin chlrphyll like structure appeared in

4 1850 earliest cells and nw ses cells can synsize fd in presence f light These type f rganisms apperard in tw stages: I. CO2 + H2S GLUCOSE + S2 They can be cmpared with sulphur bacteria f tday s era II. CO2 + H2O GLUCOSE + O2 They can be cmpared with cyanbacteria f present era They utilise water as hydrgen dnr fr first time and xygen was released in atmsphere in free state fr first time in envirnment and because f this primitive atmsphere became xidising in nature. This pint in evlutinary histry is knwn as xygen revlutin Because f xidising nature f atmsphere prcess f chemical rigin f life was stpped and nw life can nly riginates frm pre existing life nly S Entire cncept can be stated as Abigenesis first and Bigenesis eversince UREY AND MILLER EXPERIMENT This experiment is cnsidered as experiment t verify Oparin and Halden Hypsis 2018 This experiment is als knwn as SIMULTATION EXPERIMENT r SPARK CHAMBER EXPERIMENT

5 1851 In this experiment Methane, Ammnia and Nitrgen were taken in rati f 2:1:2 and water vapur was mixed with m The temperature was mentained at 800 degree Celsius fr 21 days and after 21 days it was bserve that Glycine, Alanine and Asphartic acid have been frmed in slutin Hence Oparin and Hlden hypsis was verified. But re is nthing in this experiment which verify Oparin and Halden hypsis as it is just a chemical reactin. On r hand temperature was mentained at 800 degree Celsius fr 21 days but in hypsis during frmatin f micrspheres mixture was immigiately cled dwn. Hence we can say that it is nt an experiment it is just an chemical reactin. DRAWBACKS OF THEORY OF CHEMICAL ORIGIN OF LIFE Till nw ry f chemical rigin f life is cnsidered as mst accurate ry t explain rigin f life but re are sme drawbacks in ry which are as fllws: Accrding t OPARIN and HALDEN hypsis initially all elements were in ir atmic state During atmic phase Hydrgen was mst reactive element and it was stated by Oparin and halden that initially hydrgen reacted with xygen and in that prcess entire xygen was cnsumed but if we will lk at hypsis in a little bit f scientific way n we will came t knw that if ir will be frmatin f water mle n hydrgen shuld be cnsumed first and sme amunt f xygen shuld be left behind as in frmatin n ne water mlecule tw atms f 2018 Hydrgen are required and ne Atm f Oxygen is required Hence accrding t this cncept first inrganic cmpunds were H2O and NO3 r NO2 instead f H2O and NH3 And if re is smething like this n re is nthing an event like xygen revlutin in evlutinary histry as xygen is already ir in atmsphere And accrding t this it is nt cmpulsry that life shuld nly riginate in water it can als be riginated in land Anr Drawback f ry is that during frmatin f micrspheres rganic cmpunds were heated and y were immigiately cled dwn But if we will cnsider scientific aspects f that time n we will came t knw that this phenmena f immigiately cling after heating practically pssible is nt

6