FTIR studies of chitosan acetate based polymer electrolytes
|
|
- Hillary Barber
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/999 FTIR studies of chitosan acetate based polymer electrolytes Z. Osman, A.K. Arof * Physics Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Received 29 November 2002 Abstract Chitosan is the product when partially deacetylated chitin dissolves in dilute acetic acid. As such, depending on the degree of deacetylation, the carbonyl, C/O/NHR band can be observed at /1670 cm 1 and the amine, NH 2 band at 1590 cm 1. When lithium triflate is added to chitosan to form a film of chitosan acetate /salt complex, the bands assigned to chitosan in the complex and the spectrum as a whole shift to lower wavenumbers. The carbonyl band is observed to shift to as low as 1645 cm 1 and the amine band to as low as 1560 cm 1. These indicate chitosan/salt interactions. Also present are the bands due to lithium triflate i.e. /761, 1033, 1182 and 1263 cm 1. When chitosan and ethylene carbonate (EC) are dissolved in acetic acid to form a film of plasticized chitosan acetate, the bands in the infrared spectrum of the films do not show any significant shift indicating that EC does not interact with chitosan. EC/LiCF 3 SO 3 interactions are indicated by the shifting of the C/O bending band from 718 cm 1 in the spectrum of EC to 725 cm 1 in the EC/salt spectrum. The Li /EC is also evident in the ring breathing region at 893 cm 1 in the pure EC spectrum. This band has shifted to 898 cm 1 in the EC/salt spectrum. C/O stretching in the doublet observed at 1774 and 1803 cm 1 in the spectrum of pure EC has shifted to 1777 and 1808 cm 1 in the EC/salt spectrum. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: FTIR; Chitosan; Ethylene carbonate; Lithium triflate; Acetic acid 1. Introduction Plasticized polymer /lithium salt electrolytes have been given a lot of attention [1/5], due to their potential application in solid state batteries [5 /7]. The addition of plasticizers such as propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) to polymer electrolytes reduces the glass transition temperature, T g [8,9]. The reduction in T g softens the polymer backbone and increases segmental motion resulting to an enhancement in conductivity. The presence of ion pairs and clusters in solid polymer electrolytes has been confirmed by Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic * Corresponding author. Tel.: / ; fax: / address: akarof@um.edu.my (A.K. Arof). measurements [3,8 /12]. The spectrum of lithium triflate consists of free ions, monodentate ion pairs i.e. LiTf, LiTf 2 and LiTf 2 3 and also Li 2 Tf aggregates. The effect of coordination on the SO 3 symmetric and asymmetric stretching modes of the triflate anion can be substantial. Ion association occurs at the SO 3 end of the anion [13/15]. Chitosan is a biopolymer and has variety of uses [16/ 18]. The amine, NH 2 group in its structure can act as electron donors and interact with inorganic salts. Interaction between a lithium cation and a nitrogen donor has been proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [19]. EC has been used as a plasticizing agent in chitosan-based electrolytes to improve electrical conductivity [20]. The FTIR spectrum provides information through band properties, frequencies and intensities and can, therefore, be used to predict chemical processes, identify species and determine the increase in the /02/$ - see front matter # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /s (02)
2 994 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/999 Table 1 The bands in the ethylene carbonate (EC) spectrum Vibrational modes Wavenumbers (cm 1 ) References C/O stretching 1810/1871; 1776 and 1803; 1773 and [23,37,39] 1798 CH 2 bending 1480 [23] CH 2 wagging 1394 and 1420 [38] Skeletal stretching 970, 1076, 1180 [23] Ring breathing 1067, 890 [38] C/O bending 717 [24] number of certain entities from the increase in the area of the band. It is the intention of this work to use FTIR spectroscopy to prove complexation between chitosan and the lithium salt and to investigate the effect of the plasticizer, EC on the chitosan /lithium triflate based electrolytes with the hope to gain some insight on the conductivity enhancement of the electrolyte. 2. Experimental 2.1. Sample preparation Chitosan (1 g, 6/10 5 g mol 1, Fluka) was dissolved in 100 ml 1% acetic acid solution. Lithium triflate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ) and EC were added accordingly. After complete dissolution, the solutions were cast in petri dishes and left to form films of pure chitosan acetate (CA), CA/EC, CA/LiCF 3 SO 3 and CA/EC/LiCF 3 SO 3 at room temperature. Pure chitosan film was prepared by immersing the CA film in NaOH solution and then continuously washed with distilled water. The films were then transferred into a desiccator for continuous drying FTIR spectroscopy measurements Infrared spectra exhibited in this work were taken with a MAGNA-IR550 Spectrophotometer-Series II in the wavenumber region between 4000 and 400 cm 1. The films used in this work were cut into suitable sizes and placed in the specimen holder of the spectrophotometer. The spectra shown in this paper was the result of 20 scans at the speed of 1 scan per 2 s. In the present work, the infrared spectra of LiCF 3 SO 3, EC, pure CA and pure chitosan were also taken to serve as reference. The resolution of the spectrophotometer was 1cm 1. Fig. 1. The FTIR spectra of (a) pure chitosan and (b) pure CA. 3. Results and discussion In this work, the bands due to lithium triflate are obtained at 766 cm 1 (d s (CF 3 )), 1033 cm 1 (y s (SO 3 )), 1182 cm 1 (y as (CF 3 )), 1230 cm 1 (y s (CF 3 )) and 1263 cm 1 (y as (SO 3 )). The detailed assignment of these bands has been discussed in the literature [9,10,15,21,22]. The bands in the EC spectrum as obtained from literature are listed in Table 1. In the present work, the bands in the EC spectrum are obtained at 975, 1078, 1185, 1395, 1480, 1774, 1803 cm 1. In order to determine the existence of interactions among the components in chitosan-based electrolytes, the FTIR spectra of pure chitosan, pure CA, CA/EC, CA/LiCF 3 SO 3 and CA/ EC/LiCF 3 SO 3 were recorded and analyzed, respectively. Fig. 1 depicts the spectra of pure chitosan and pure CA in the region between 1400 and 1700 cm 1. This is the region where the carbonyl, C/O/NHR, amine, NH 2 and ammonium, NH 3 bands are situated. The carbonyl, C/O/NHR band observed at 1650 cm 1 [26/31],
3 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/ Fig. 2. The FTIR spectra of CA with (a) 10 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (b) 23 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (c) 33 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 in the region 1500/2000 cm 1. the amine, NH 2 band at 1590 cm 1 [26,28/34] and the ammonium NH 3 band appears as a small shoulder at /1514 cm 1 [15,32,35,36]. The absence of the NH 3 band in the pure CA spectrum is probably due to interaction between NH 3 of chitosan and the /COO/ of the acetic acid to form the O/C/NHR band. This reaction is expected to happen when the CA film was stored in a desiccator for some time prior to infrared experiment. This observation and its explanation have been reported by Ritthidej and co-workers [15]. In this work, the carbonyl band of the chitosan spectrum can be observed at 1667 cm 1 and the amine (NH 2 ) band at 1590 cm 1, Fig. 1(a). The carbonyl band has shifted to 1653 cm 1 and the amine band to 1570 cm 1 in the chitosan-acetic acid salt film (CA), Fig. 1(b). The shift in the pure CA spectrum indicates that some interaction have occurred between the acetic acid and the nitrogen donors of the chitosan polymer. Fig. 2 depicts the carbonyl and amine bands of salted CA with various concentrations of LiCF 3 SO 3 ((a) 10 wt.%, (b) 23 wt.% and (c) 33 wt.% salt). The amine band has shifted about 10 cm 1 (to 1560 cm 1 ) on addition of salt compared with pure CA. The carbonyl band has further shifted by /7 cm 1 (to 1646 cm 1 ) compared with pure CA. In the spectrum of the sample containing 10 wt.% salt, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the amine band is slightly wider than that of the carbonyl band (the maximum height is taken from the peaks of the carbonyl and amine bands, respectively, to their meeting point at 1875 cm 1. On addition of 23 wt.% salt, the peak of the carbonyl band is higher than that of the amine band. The FWHM for the amine band is still greater than that of the carbonyl band. The same situation is still observed in Fig. 2(c) and while these observations indicate salt /chitosan interaction, interaction prefers to take place at the amine site. Fig. 3 shows
4 996 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/999 Fig. 3. The FTIR spectra of CA with (a) 10 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (b) 23 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (c) 33 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 in the region of CF 3 deformation mode. the band /761 cm 1. This band is attributed to CF 3 deformation mode of the salt. This band increases in intensity as more salt is added and shifts to higher wavenumbers. This again provides evidence of CA /salt interaction. The increase in intensity implies the increase in the number of free ions from the salt, which could explain the increase in conductivity of samples. Fig. 4 represents the spectra of pure CA and plasticized CA films with increasing content of EC (up to 57 wt.%) in the region between 700 and 1850 cm 1. There is hardly any noticeable shift in peaks of the plasticized CA films as presented in this figure. Hence, the CA/EC system is a mixed phase with no interaction with one another. Fig. 5(a) represents the infrared spectrum of pure EC and EC mixed with salt in the weight ratio 1:1. It can be observed that the C/O bending band which appears at 718 cm 1 in the spectrum of pure EC has shifted to 725 cm 1 in the spectra of EC-salt. This is assigned to the interaction between Li of the salt and C/O bending band of the EC molecule. This result is in well agreement that reported by Chintapalli [24]. Fig. 5(b) depicts the Li /EC interaction, which is also evident in the ring Fig. 4. The FTIR spectra of (I) pure CA and CA with (II) 10 wt.% EC (III) 33 wt.% EC (IV) 57 wt.% EC. breathing region at /893 cm 1 in the pure EC spectrum, and has shifted to 898 cm 1 in the EC/ LiCF 3 SO 3 spectrum. This in agreement with the result of Starkey and Frech [25] where it was predicted that the Li coordinates to the three oxygen atoms in PC. The doublet bands due to the C /O stretching, Fig. 5(c) observed at 1774 and 1803 cm 1 in the spectrum of pure EC have shifted to 1777 and 1808 cm 1, respectively, in the EC/LiCF 3 SO 3 spectra. The infrared spectra of CA/EC/LiCF 3 SO 3 are shown in Fig. 6. The features have been described before are also observed in the spectra of these samples containing different concentrations of salt. At low salt concentrations, 5 wt.% (Fig. 6(a)) the doublet peaks of
5 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/ Fig. 5. The FTIR spectra of (I) pure EC and (II) EC mixed with LiCF 3 SO 3 in the region of (a) C/O bending; (b) ring breathing; and (c) C/O stretching bands. EC at 1774 and 1803 cm 1 are not readily observed. As the salt content added reaches 20 wt.% (Fig. 6(c)) small bands are observed at 1773 and 1802 cm 1. The intensity of these bands increases as the salt concentration increases to 40 wt.%, Fig. 6(e) at 1774 and 1803 cm 1. Likewise the band at 761 cm 1 only exist as a small band in Fig. 7(a) the intensity increases with salt content as can be observed in Fig. 7(b/e). This again could be evidence for the increase in the number of free ions, which are responsible for ionic conductivity. wavenumbers. There is no interaction between plasticizer, EC and chitosan polymer but there is interaction between the salt and the plasticizer at the C/O bending and stretching modes and the ring breathing region. The increase in intensity of the CF 3 deformation mode of the salt in the spectrum implies that the number of free ions due to salt dissociation has increased which resulted in the increase of conductivity on addition of the plasticizer. 4. Conclusions The lithium triflate salt interacts with the chitosan polymer to form a CA/LiCF 3 SO 3 complex as shown by the shift in the carbonyl and amine bands to lower Acknowledgements Z.O. would like to thank the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment for the scholarship awarded and A.K.A. thanks the government of Malaysia for the vote
6 998 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/999 Fig. 6. The FTIR spectra of (a) CA/EC/5 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (b) CA/EC/15 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (c) CA/EC/20 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (d) CA/EC/30 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (e) CA/EC/40 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 in the region of C/O stretching band. Fig. 7. The FTIR spectra of (a) CA/EC/5 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (b) CA/EC/15 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (c) CA/EC/20 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (d) CA/EC/30 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 ; (e) CA/EC/40 wt.% LiCF 3 SO 3 in the region of CF 3 deformation mode.
7 Z. Osman, A.K. Arof / Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 993/ References [1] M.B. Armand, J.M. Chabagno, M. Duclot, in: P. Vashista, J.N. Mundy, G.K. Shenoy (Eds.), Fast ion Transport in Solid, Elsevier, London and New York, 1979, p [2] S. Schantz, L.M. Torell, J.R. Stevens, J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) [3] S. Schantz, J. Sadahl, L. Borjeszen, L.M. Torell, J.R. Steven, Solid State Ionics 128/130 (1988) [4] M. Gauthier, A. Belanger, B. Kapfer, G. Vassort, M. Armand, in: J.R. MacCallum, C.A. Vincent (Eds.), Polymer Electrolyte Reviews, vol. 2, Elsevier, London, 1989, p [5] F.M. Gray, Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Fundamentals and Technological Applications, VCH, New York, [6] A. Hooper, M. Gauthier, A. Belanger, in: R.G. Linford (Ed.), Electrochemical Science and Technology of polymers, vol. 2, Elsevier, London, 1990, p [7] M. Armand, J.Y. Sanchez, M. Gauthier, Y. Choquette, in: J. Lipkowski, P.N. Ross (Eds.), The Electrochemistry of Novel Materials, VCH, New York, 1994, p. 65. [8] M. Kakihana, S. Schantz, L.M. Torell, J. Chem. Phys. 92 (1990) [9] A. Bernson, J. Lindgren, Solid State Ionics 60 (1993) 37. [10] S. Schantz, L.M. Torell, Solid State Ionics 60 (1993) 47. [11] M. Kakihana, S. Schantz, L.M. Torell, Solid State Ionics 40/41 (1993) 641. [12] G. Petersen, L.M. Torell, S. Panero, Solid State Ionics 60 (1993) 55. [13] A. Wensjo, J. Lindgren, J.O. Thomas, G.C. Farrington, Solid State Ionics 53/56 (1992) [14] W. Huang, R. Frech, R. Wheeler, J. Phys. Chem. 98 (1994) 100. [15] G.C. Ritthidej, T. Phaechamud, T. Koizumi, Int. J. Pharm. 232 (2002) 11. [16] C.J. Brine, P.A. Sandford, J.P. Zikakis (Eds.), Advances in Chitin and Chitosan, Elsevier, London, [17] M. Zakaria, in: M. Zakaria, W.M.W. Muda, M.P. Abdullah (Eds.), Chitin and Chitosan: the Versatile Environmentally Friendly Modern Material, Penerbit UKM, Malaysia, [18] A.K. Arof, N.M. Morni, M.A. Yarmo, Mater. Sci. Eng. B55 (1998) 130. [19] Z. Osman, Z.A. Ibrahim, A.K. Arof, Carbohydr. Polym. 44 (2001) 167. [20] D.R. MacFarlane, P. Meakin, A. Bishop, D. McNaughton, J.M. Rosalie, M. Forsyth, Electrochim. Acta 40 (1995) [21] J. Manning, R. Frech, Polymer 33 (1992) [22] A.G. Bishop, D.R. MacFarlane, D. McNaugton, M. Forsyth, Solid State Ionics 85 (1996) 129. [23] C.L. Angell, Trans. Faraday Soc. 52 (1956) [25] S.R. Starkey, R. Frech, Electrochim. Acta 42 (1997) 471. [24] S. Chintapalli, R. Frech, Solid State Ionics 86/88 (1996) 341. [26] D.K. Singh, A.R. Ray, J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 53 (1994) [27] D.K. Singh, A.R. Ray., J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 66 (1997) 869. [28] C. Peniche, C. Elvira, J. San Roman, Polymer 39 (1998) [29] R.A.A. Muzarelli, Chitin, Pergamon Press, Oxford, [30] H.Y. Kweon, I.C. Um, Y.H. Park, Polymer 42 (2001) [31] X. Qu, A. Wirsen, A.C. Albertsson, Polymer 41 (2000) [32] Y.L. Guan, L. Shoa, K.D. Yao, J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 66 (1996) 393. [33] K.D. Yao, T. Peng, M.X. Xu, C. Yuan, M.F.A. Goosen, Q.Q. Zhang, L. Ren, Poly. Int. 34 (1994) 213. [34] T. Peng, M.F.A. Goosen, J. Poly. Sci. A: Poly. Chem. 32 (1994) 591/596. [35] S.T. Lee, F.L. Mi, Y.J. Shan, S.S. Shyu, Polymer 42 (2001) [36] F.G. Pearson, C.Y. Marchessault, J. Liang, J. Poly. Sci. (1960) 101. [37] G. Fini, P. Mirone, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 69 (1973) [38] Z. Wang, B. Huang, H. Huang, L. Chen, R. Xue, F. Wang, Solid State Ionics 85 (1996) 143. [39] B. Huang, Z. Wang, G. Li, H. Huang, R. Xue, L. Chen, F. Wang, Solid State Ionics 85 (1996) 79.
CHAPTER 5 FTIR STUDIES
CHAPTER 5 FTIR STUDIES 5.1 Introduction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to investigate interactions between the polymers chitosan and PVA, the polymer blend and salt, the salt and plasticizer
More informationPreparation And Studies Of Polyacrylonitrile Polymer Electrolytes
NATONAL WORKSHOP ON FUNCTONAL MATERALS 2009 Preparation And Studies Of Polyacrylonitrile Polymer Electrolytes on Conducting Z.Osman*, K.B.Md.sa and A.Ahmad Physics Department, University of Malaya, 50603
More informationStructural and Electrical Properties of Plasticized Radiation Induced Chitosan Grafted Poly(methylmethacrylate) Polymer Electrolytes
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9 (2014) 821-829 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Structural and Electrical Properties of Plasticized Radiation Induced Chitosan Grafted
More informationEffect of plasticizer on Poly (vinyl alcohol): Poly (vinylidene fluoride) blend polymer electrolyte
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 974-429 Vol.6, No.13, pp 5265-5269, November 214 MESCon 214 [4th -5 th September 214] National Conference on Material for Energy Storage
More informationImpedance Spectroscopy and FTIR Studies of PEG - Based Polymer Electrolytes
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2011, 8(1), 347-353 Impedance Spectroscopy and FTIR Studies of PEG - Based Polymer Electrolytes ANJI REDDY POLU * and RANVEER
More informationCharacterization of Plasticized PEO Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte by XRD and AC Impedance Methods
Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 22 (2004) 149-159 PORTUGALIAE ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Characterization of Plasticized PEO Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte by XRD and AC Impedance Methods K. Ragavendran, * P.
More informationEffect of plasticizer and fumed silica on ionic conductivity behaviour of proton conducting polymer electrolytes containing HPF 6
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 36, No. 4, August 2013, pp. 629 634. c Indian Academy of Sciences. Effect of plasticizer and fumed silica on ionic conductivity behaviour of proton conducting polymer electrolytes
More informationIon Conducting Behaviour of Nano Dispersed Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing NH 4 PF 6
Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 26/6 (2008) 493-501 PORTUGALIAE ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA ISSN 1647-1571 Ion Conducting Behaviour of Nano Dispersed Polymer Gel Electrolytes Containing NH 4 PF 6 Jitender P. Sharma
More informationDevelopment and Characterization of Poly-ε-Caprolactone- Based Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Rechargeable Battery
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6 (2011) 4355-4364 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Development and Characterization of Poly-ε-Caprolactone- Based Polymer Electrolyte
More information< BF 4 AN, MF 4 TFSI < AsF. < NO 3 THF 1 BPh 4 << SbF 6 < AsF PC, EMC, γ-bl 7,8 TFSI, AsF 6 < PF 6 < ClO 4 << BF. 4 < CF 3 SO 3 γ-bl 9 TFSI, AsF 6, PF
1 Supporting Information: Glyme-Lithium Salt Phase Behavior Wesley A. Henderson Ionic Association Constants and Vibrational Spectroscopy Ionic association in solvent-salt electrolytes is typically studied
More informationElectrochimica Acta 57 (2011) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Electrochimica Acta
Electrochimica Acta 57 (2011) 91 97 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Electrochimica Acta jou rn al hom epa ge: www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Preparation and characterization of magnesium ion
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Chitosan Aerogels: Transparent, Flexible Thermal Insulators Satoru Takeshita* and Satoshi Yoda Detailed experimental procedure Materials: Chitosan (deacetylation rate: > 80%, viscosity:
More informationConductivity Enhancement of (Epoxidized Natural Rubber 50)/Poly(Ethyl Methacrylate) Ionic Liquid-Ammonium Triflate
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 6145-6153 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Conductivity Enhancement of (Epoxidized Natural Rubber 50)/Poly(Ethyl Methacrylate)
More informationH NMR Study on PVP-NH 4
Physics H NMR Study on PVP- based- Proton conducting Polymer Electrolyte KEYWORDS N.Vijaya S. Selvasekarapandian J.Malathi Department of Physics, S. F. R. College for Women, Sivakasi-62623, Tamil Nadu,
More informationChapter V Determination of the Interaction within Polyester-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Using FTIR Spectroscopy
hapter V Determination of the Interaction within Polyester-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte Using FTIR Spectroscopy 5-1 Introduction It has been a great concern about the energy problem that focuses on
More informationRole of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramic in enhancing the ionic. conductivity of a polymer electrolyte composite
Role of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramic in enhancing the ionic conductivity of a polymer electrolyte composite Pramod Kumar Singh a* and Amreesh Chandra b (a) Department of Physics, Banaras
More informationMetal hydroxides as conversion electrode for lithium-ion battery: A case study with Cu(OH) 2 nanoflower array
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information Metal hydroxides as conversion electrode for
More informationEffect of the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of chitosan-silver triflate electrolyte
2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology Effect of the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of chitosan-silver triflate electrolyte
More informationConductivity and Structural Studies of Plasticized Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - Lithium Triflate Polymer Electrolyte Films
University of Malaya From the SelectedWorks of Zurina Osman 2011 Conductivity and Structural Studies of Plasticized Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - Lithium Triflate Polymer Electrolyte Films Zurina Osman, University
More informationAC impedance and dielectric spectroscopic studies of Mg 2+ ion conducting PVA PEG blended polymer electrolytes
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 34, No. 5, August 211, pp. 163 167. c Indian Academy of Sciences. AC impedance and dielectric spectroscopic studies of Mg 2+ ion conducting PVA PEG blended polymer electrolytes
More informationInteraction Mechanism of anovel Polymer Electrolyte Composed of Poly(acrylonitrile), Lithium Triflate, and Mineral Clay
Interaction Mechanism of anovel Polymer Electrolyte Composed of Poly(acrylonitrile), Lithium Triflate, and Mineral Clay HSIEN-WEI CHEN, FENG-CHIH CHANG Institute of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung
More informationThe Potential of Novel Liquid PMMA Oligomer as Electrolyte in Electrochemical Devices
The Potential of Novel Liquid PMMA Oligomer as Electrolyte in Electrochemical Devices NORASHIMA KAMALUDDIN 1,2, FAMIZA ABDUL LATIF 1,2*, RUHANI IBRAHIM 1,2 AND SHARIL FADLI MOHAMAD ZAMRI 1,2. 1. Faculty
More informationGrafted natural rubber-based polymer electrolytes: ATR-FTIR and conductivity studies
Ionics (2008) 14:491 500 DOI 10.1007/s11581-007-0199-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Grafted natural rubber-based polymer electrolytes: ATR-FTIR and conductivity studies A. M. M. Ali & R. H. Y. Subban & H. Bahron & T.
More informationModeling the Effects of Ion Association on Direct-Current Polarization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes
936 Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 147 (3) 936-944 (2000) Modeling the Effects of Ion Association on Direct-Current Polarization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes Changqing Lin, Ralph E. White,* and
More informationAdsorption of Cd(II) ions by synthesize chitosan from fish shells
British Journal of Science 33 Adsorption of Cd(II) ions by synthesize chitosan from fish shells Angham G. Hadi Babylon University, College of Science, Chemistry Department. Abstract One of the major applications
More informationStudies on PVA based nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membrane for Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Studies on based nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membrane for Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications To cite this article: P Bahavan
More informationDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced
Supporting Information High Energy Organic Cathode for Sodium Rechargeable Batteries Haegyeom Kim 1, Ji Eon Kwon 2, Byungju Lee 1, Jihyun Hong 1, Minah Lee 3, Soo Young Park 2*, and Kisuk Kang 1,4 * 1.
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
More informationStructural and Ionic Conductivity Studies on Nanochitosan Incorporated Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Chem Sci Trans., 2012, 1(2), 311-316 Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2012.198 ISSN/E-ISSN: 2278-3458/2278-3318 RESEARCH ARTICLE Structural and Ionic Conductivity Studies on Nanochitosan Incorporated
More informationCorrelation between ionic conductivity and fluidity of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH 4 CF 3 SO 3
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 5, August 2005, pp. 467 472. Indian Academy of Sciences. Correlation between ionic conductivity and fluidity of polymer gel electrolytes containing NH 4 CF 3 SO 3 HARINDER
More informationIONIC CONDUCTANCE OF LITHIUM SALTS IN PMMA GEL ELECTROLYTES
IONIC CONDUCTANCE OF LITHIUM SALTS IN PMMA GEL ELECTROLYTES M. Tretera 1, J. Reiter 2, J. Vondrák 1, M. Sedlaříková 2 1 Institute of Electrotechnology, Technical University of Brno, 602 00 Brno 2 Institute
More informationEFFECT OF PRESSURE ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN Nurul Hazwani M. H. 1, Halimah M. K. 1*, Kaida K. 1, Daud W. M. 1 and Zaki M. 2 1 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia
More informationCharacterization of PVC/PEMA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 3 (2008) 282-290 International Journal of ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE www.electrochemsci.org Characterization of PVC/PEMA Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes S. Rajendran *, M. Ramesh
More informationIon-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Complexed with Mg(CH 3 COO) 2 - Application as an Electrochemical Cell
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry http://www.ejchem.net 2012, 9(2), 869-874 Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Complexed with Mg(CH 3 COO) 2 - Application as an
More informationChemical initiation mechanism of maleic anhydride grafted onto styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer
European Polymer Journal 39 (2003) 1291 1295 Short communication Chemical initiation mechanism of maleic anhydride grafted onto styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Zhang Aimin *, Li Chao The State
More informationMorphological and Electrical Studies Of Plasticized Biopolymer Electrolytes Based On Potato Starch : NH4Cl
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.11 No.06, pp 114-120, 2018 Morphological and Electrical Studies Of Plasticized Biopolymer Electrolytes
More informationAdvanced Pharmaceutical Analysis
Lecture 2 Advanced Pharmaceutical Analysis IR spectroscopy Dr. Baraa Ramzi Infrared Spectroscopy It is a powerful tool for identifying pure organic and inorganic compounds. Every molecular compound has
More informationPolymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms
Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 2029/2035 www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Polymer electrolytes from plasticized polymobs and their gel forms Wu Xu, C. Austen Angell * Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
More informationInfluence of microstructure on the chemical diffusion of lithium ions in amorphous lithiated tungsten oxide films
Electrochimica Acta 46 (2001) 3415 3419 www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta Influence of microstructure on the chemical diffusion of lithium ions in amorphous lithiated tungsten oxide films Se-Hee Lee a,
More informationInternational Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-2, Issue-1, Jan ] ISSN:
Dielectric Properties and Structural Investigation of New Binary Li2CO3-LiI Solid Electrolyte Mohd Khari Omar 1, Azizah Hanom Ahmad 2 1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, 40450 Shah
More informationFTIR, XRD and DC Conductivity Studies of Proton Conducting Gel Polymer Electrolytes based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.13, pp 5214-5219, November 2014 MESCon 2014 [4th -5 th September 2014] National Conference on Material for Energy
More informationELECTROPHORETIC NMR MEASUREMENTS OF LITHIUM TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS IN POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES
ELECTROPHORETIC NMR MEASUREMENTS OF LITHIUM TRANSFERENCE NUMBERS IN POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES Hongli Dai, Sharon Sanderson, John Davey, Francisco Uribe, and Thomas A. Zawodzinski Jr. Electronics Materials
More informationEffects of various LiPF 6 salt concentrations on PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes
Ionics (2011) 17:399 405 DOI 10.1007/s11581-011-0524-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Effects of various LiPF 6 salt concentrations on PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes Suriani Ibrahim & Mariah Mohd Yassin & Roslina
More information1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written.
1 Q. If Δ r H is positive, what can you say about the reaction? 1 A. That the reaction is endothermic when proceeding in the left to right direction as written. 2 Q If Δ r H is negative, what can you say
More informationHighly Porous Polymer Electrolytes Based on PVdF-HFP / PEMA with Propylene Carbonate/Diethyl Carbonate for Lithium Battery Applications
International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2015; 4(5-1): 17-21 Published online August 31, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijepe) doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2015040501.13 ISSN: 2326-957X
More informationFourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Chromium Trioxide-Phthalic Acid Complexes
DOI:10.7598/cst2016.1260 Chemical Science Transactions ISSN:2278-3458 2016, 5(3), 770-774 RESEARCH ARTICLE Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Studies of Chromium Trioxide-Phthalic Acid Complexes
More informationStudy of MG49-PMMA Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte
170 The Open Materials Science Journal, 2011, 5, 170-177 Study of MG49-PMMA Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte A. Ahmad *,1,2, M.Y.A. Rahman *3, M.S. Su ait 1,2 and H. Hamzah 1,2 Open Access 1 Polymer Research
More informationLIMITING IONIC PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES OF R 4 N + AND I IN AQUEOUS METHANOL AT K
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 11(1), 2013, 321-330 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com LIMITING IONIC PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES OF R 4 N + AND I IN AQUEOUS METHANOL AT 298.15 K N. P. NIKAM * and S. V. PATIL a
More informationInfrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy IR Spectroscopy Used to identify organic compounds IR spectroscopy provides a 100% identification if the spectrum is matched. If not, IR at least provides information about the types
More informationIonic conductivity enhancement of the plasticized PMMA/LiClO 4 polymer nanocomposite electrolyte containing clay
Polymer 43 (2002) 5281 5288 www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer Ionic conductivity enhancement of the plasticized PMMA/LiClO 4 polymer nanocomposite electrolyte containing clay Hsien-Wei Chen, Tzu-Pin Lin,
More informationSynthesis of Electrolyte Polymer Based on Natural Polymer Chitosan by Ion Implantation Technique
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Chemistry 4 (2012 ) 202 207 Synthesis of Electrolyte Polymer Based on Natural Polymer Chitosan by Ion Implantation Technique E. Yulianti a,, A. Karo Karo
More informationFTIR, XRD and AC Impedance Studies of the Polymer Electrolyte PEMA KSCN added with SrTiO 3
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.13, pp 5366-5371, November 2014 MESCon 2014 [4th -5 th September 2014] National Conference on Material for Energy
More informationelectrolyte membranes
Efficient CO 2 capture by humidified PEO-based polymer electrolyte membranes By Yifan Li a, Qingping Xin a, Hong Wu a, Ruili Guo b, Zhizhang Tian a, Ye Liu a, Shaofei Wang a, Guangwei He, Fusheng Pan a
More informationElectronic Supporting Information for
Electronic Supporting Information for An efficient long fluorescence lifetime polymer-based sensor based on europium complex as chromophore for the specific detection of F -, CH 3 COO - -, and H 2 PO 4
More informationResearch Article Raman Spectroscopy for Understanding of Lithium Intercalation into Graphite in Propylene Carbonated-Based Solutions
Spectroscopy Volume 2015, Article ID 323649, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/323649 Research Article Raman Spectroscopy for Understanding of Lithium Intercalation into Graphite in Propylene Carbonated-Based
More informationSelf-assembled pancake-like hexagonal tungsten oxide with ordered mesopores for supercapacitors
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supporting Information Self-assembled pancake-like hexagonal
More informationSurface Chemical Modification of Nanosized Oxide Particles with a Titanate Coupling Reagent in Isopropanol
Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 1513-1517 1513 Surface Chemical Modification of Nanosized Oxide Particles with a Titanate Coupling Reagent in Isopropanol Xiao-Yong Fang, Ting-Jie Wang,* Hai-Xia Wu, and
More informationFTIR and 1 H NMR Study on PAN-NH 4 SCN Based Fuel cell Applications
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.14, pp 5740-5744, Nov-Dec 2014 FTIR and 1 H NMR Study on PAN-NH 4 SCN Based Fuel cell Applications K.Selva Kumar,
More informationIonic Liquids and Ion Gels -A New Class of Liquids and Polymer Gels-
Ionic Liquids and Ion Gels -A New Class of Liquids and Polymer Gels- Masayoshi Watanabe Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, and CREST, JST 79-5 Tokoiwadai, Hodogaya-ku,
More informationSupplementary Information Improvement in LiFePO 4 /Li battery Performance via Poly(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide (PFSI) Based Ionene Composite Binder
Supplementary Information Improvement in LiFePO 4 /Li battery Performance via Poly(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)imide (PFSI) Based Ionene Composite Binder Qianru Shi a, LixinXue a *,ZengbinWei a, Fu Liu a, XudongDu
More informationThe FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1 Hand 13 CNMR study on molecular structure of sodium(i), calcium(ii), lanthanum(iii) and thorium(iv) cinnamates
Spectroscopy 24 (2010) 277 281 277 DOI 10.3233/SPE-2010-0442 IOS Press The FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1 Hand 13 CNMR study on molecular structure of sodium(i), calcium(ii), lanthanum(iii) and thorium(iv) cinnamates
More informationA new, high performance CuO/LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 lithium-ion battery
A new, high performance /LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 lithium-ion battery Roberta Verrelli and Jusef Hassoun Department of Chemistry, University Sapienza of Rome, Italy Attila Farkas, Timo Jacob and Bruno Scrosati
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION. Direct Observation on Reaction Intermediates and the Role of. Cu Surfaces
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Direct Observation on Reaction Intermediates and the Role of Bicarbonate Anions in CO 2 Electrochemical Reduction Reaction on Cu Surfaces Shangqian Zhu, Bei Jiang, Wen-Bin Cai, Minhua
More informationCounteranion-Mediated Intrinsic Healing of Poly(Ionic Liquid) Copolymers
Supporting Information Counteranion-Mediated Intrinsic Healing of Poly(Ionic Liquid) Copolymers Panlong Guo, Houyu Zhang, Xiaokong Liu and Junqi Sun* State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and
More informationHierarchically Structured Nanoporous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes: Facile Preparation and Application in Fiber-optic ph Sensing
Supporting Information Hierarchically Structured Nanoporous Poly(Ionic Liquid) Membranes: Facile Preparation and Application in Fiber-optic ph Sensing Qiang Zhao, a Mingjie Yin, b A. Ping Zhang, b Simon
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Title: A sulfonated polyaniline with high density and high rate Na-storage
More informationAssignment for the Infrared Spectrum of Solid Sodium Propionate from Low-Temperature Measurements in Combination with,3 C Isotopic Shifts
Assignment for the Infrared Spectrum of Solid Sodium Propionate from Low-Temperature Measurements in Combination with,3 C Isotopic Shifts Masato Kakihana and Tadashi Nagumo Department of Chemistry, The
More informationCHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PVdF(HFP)-PMMA-NaX [X=I -, SCN - ] POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTES
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PVdF(HFP)-PMMA-NaX [X=I -, SCN - ] POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTES CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PVdF(HFP)-PMMA-NaX [X=I -, SCN - ] POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTES 3.1 Introduction
More informationFT-Raman Spectroscopy of Heavy Metal-Nucleotide Complexes
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 21, No. 6 (2009), 4241-4245 FT-Raman Spectroscopy of Heavy Metal-Nucleotide Complexes N. IYANDURAI, K. SENTHIL* and R. SAROJINI Department of Physics, Kongunadu Arts and
More informationThe Evaluation of Miscibility of Poly(vinyl Chloride) and Poly(ethylene Oxide) Blends by DSC, Refractive Index and XRD Analyses
REGULAR CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES S. Ramesh 1 *, A. K. Arof 2 1 Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Physics Department, University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur,
More informationSolid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(1,3-diacetyl-4- imidazolin-2-one)
Polymer Bulletin 57, 313 319 (2006) DI 10.1007/s00289-006-0567-6 Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(1,3-diacetyl-4- imidazolin-2-one) Hiroyuki Mitsuda, Takahiro Uno, Masataka Kubo, Takahito Itoh
More informationDecreasing the Viscosity in CO 2 Capture by Amino-functionalized Ionic Liquids through the Formation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond
Electronic Supplementary Information Decreasing the Viscosity in CO 2 Capture by Amino-functionalized Ionic Liquids through the Formation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Xiao Y. Luo, Xi Fan, Gui L. Shi,
More informationHigh-Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on 3D. Electrodes
Supporting Information for: High-Performance Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on 3D Porous Graphene/MnO 2 Nanorod and Graphene/Ag Hybrid Thin-Film Electrodes Yuanlong Shao, a Hongzhi Wang,* a
More informationElectrostatic interactions to modulate the reflective assembly of nanoparticles at the oilwater
Supplemental Information Electrostatic interactions to modulate the reflective assembly of nanoparticles at the oilwater interface Mingxiang Luo, Gloria K. Olivier, and Joelle Frechette* Department of
More informationSynthesis of Enamides via CuI-Catalyzed Reductive Acylation of. Ketoximes with NaHSO 3
Supporting Information For Synthesis of Enamides via CuI-Catalyzed Reductive Acylation of Ketoximes with NaHSO 3 Zheng-Hui Guan*, Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Zhi-Hui Ren, Yao-Yu Wang, and Xumu Zhang Key Laboratory
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for SC Advances. This journal is The oyal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Novel Functional Material Carboxymethyl Cellulose Lithium (CMC-Li) Enhanced
More informationOptical Characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol - Ammonium Nitrate Polymer Electrolytes Films
Optical Characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol - Ammonium Nitrate Polymer Electrolytes Films Omed Gh. Abdullah 1*, Bakhtyar K. Aziz 2, and Sarkawt A. Hussen 1 1 Physics Department, School of Science, University
More informationPolyMOB /lithium salt complexes: from salt-in-polymer to polymer-in-salt electrolytes
Electrochimica Acta 48 (2003) 2037/2045 www.elsevier.com/locate/electacta PolyMOB /lithium salt complexes: from salt-in-polymer to polymer-in-salt electrolytes Wu Xu, Li-Min Wang, C. Austen Angell * Department
More informationPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA POLYMER FILMS
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA POLYMER FILMS O. Goossens, D. Vangeneugden, S. Paulussen and E. Dekempeneer VITO Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang
More informationIn Situ synthesis of architecture for Strong Light-Matter Interactions
In Situ synthesis of Ag@Cu2O-rGO architecture for Strong Light-Matter Interactions Shuang Guo 1, 2, Yaxin Wang 1, *, Fan Zhang 1, Renxian Gao 1, Maomao Liu 1, Lirong Dong 1, Yang Liu 2, Yongjun Zhang 2,
More informationElectrochemiluminescence detection of near single DNA molecule with quantum dots-dendrimer nanocomposite for signal amplification
Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Electrochemiluminescence detection of near single DNA molecule with quantum
More informationTwo Dimensional Graphene/SnS 2 Hybrids with Superior Rate Capability for Lithium ion Storage
Electronic Supplementary Information Two Dimensional Graphene/SnS 2 Hybrids with Superior Rate Capability for Lithium ion Storage Bin Luo, a Yan Fang, a Bin Wang, a Jisheng Zhou, b Huaihe Song, b and Linjie
More informationCharacteristics of plasticized PEMAlPVdF-HFP blend polymer electrolyte films doped. with lithium triflate salt in electro chromic
~USCri~t k hereto view linked References 1 2 3 Characteristics of plasticized PEMAlPVdF-HFP blend polymer electrolyte films doped with lithium triflate salt in electro chromic device L.N. Sim, S.R. Majid,
More informationA Comparative Study on the Role of the Plasticizer on (PEO+KBrO 3 ) Polymer Electrolytes
A Comparative Study on the Role of the Plasticizer on (PEO+KBrO 3 ) Polymer Electrolytes T. Sreekanth Associate Professor of Physics, JNTUH College of Engineering Sultanpur Sultanpur (V), Pulkal (M), Sangareddy
More informationInternational Journal of Materials Science ISSN Volume 12, Number 2 (2017) Research India Publications
HF, DFT Computations and Spectroscopic study of Vibrational frequency, HOMO-LUMO Analysis and Thermodynamic Properties of Alpha Bromo Gamma Butyrolactone K. Rajalakshmi 1 and A.Susila 2 1 Department of
More informationSupporting Information for Polybenzimidazolium Salts: A New Class of. Anion-Conducting Polymer
Supporting Information for Polybenzimidazolium Salts: A ew Class of Anion-Conducting Polymer Owen D. Thomas, Kristen J. W. Y. Soo, Timothy J. Peckham, Mahesh P. Kulkarni and Steven Holdcroft* Department
More informationPREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND BATTERY APPLICATIONS OF PROTON CONDUCTING POLYMER ELECTROLYTES
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND BATTERY APPLICATIONS OF PROTON CONDUCTING POLYMER ELECTROLYTES Synopsis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By KULDEEP
More informationDSC and conductivity studies on PVA based proton conducting gel electrolytes
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 27, No. 6, December 2004, pp. 523 527. Indian Academy of Sciences. DSC and conductivity studies on PVA based proton conducting gel electrolytes S L AGRAWAL* and ARVIND AWADHIA Department
More informationRENQING LÜ a* JIN LIN b XIN ZHAO b
THEORETICAL STUDY ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN IONIC LIQUID AND CHITIN/CHITOSAN/ CELLULOSE RENQING LÜ a* JIN LIN b XIN ZHAO b a College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580,
More informationSupporting Information. Polyaniline-MnO 2 nanotubes hybrid nanocomposite as supercapacitor electrode material in acidic electrolyte
Supporting Information Polyaniline-MnO 2 nanotubes hybrid nanocomposite as supercapacitor electrode material in acidic electrolyte Jaidev, R Imran Jafri, Ashish Kumar Mishra, Sundara Ramaprabhu* Alternative
More informationLimiting Ionic Partial Molar Volumes of R 4 N + and Ī in Aqueous Methanol at K
http://www.e-journals.in Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2014.874 2014, 3(4), 1366-1371 RESEARCH ARTICLE Limiting Ionic Partial Molar Volumes of R 4 N + and Ī in Aqueous Methanol at 303.15
More informationPreparation and characterization of PVC/PMMA blend polymer electrolytes complexed with LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2
Solid State Ionics 148 (2002) 467 473 www.elsevier.com/locate/ssi Preparation and characterization of PVC/PMMA blend polymer electrolytes complexed with LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 A. Manuel Stephan a, *, Yuria
More information4.1 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN MEMBRANE
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS CHAPTER IV 4.1 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN MEMBRANE Among the novel families of biological macromolecules, whose relevance is becoming increasingly evident are chitin
More informationInfrared Spectroscopic Study of the Interactions of Nylon-6 with Water
Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Interactions of Nylon-6 with Water REIKICHI IWAMOTO, 1 HIROSHI MURASE 2 1 Kansai Research Institute, Chudoji Minamimachi 134, Shimogyoku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan 2 Toyobo
More informationVCD SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS:
VCD SPECTRSCPIC STUDIES N INTERMLECULAR INTERACTINS: LEARNING THE BASICS FRM NBLE GAS MATRICES DR. CHRISTIAN MERTEN RGANIC CHEMISTRY II, RUHR-UNIVERSITY BCHUM BRUKER-ANWENDERTREFFEN, ETTLINGEN, 11.11.2014
More informationThe characterization of MnO nanostructures synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method
The characterization of MnO nanostructures synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method LF Koao 1, F B Dejene 1* and HC Swart 2 1 Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus),
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Oxygen Reduction on Graphene-Carbon Nanotube Composites Doped Sequentially with Nitrogen and Sulfur Drew C. Higgins, Md Ariful Hoque, Fathy Hassan, Ja-Yeon Choi, Baejung Kim, Zhongwei
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW. The interest in solid materials with ionic conduction properties has become
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction The interest in solid materials with ionic conduction properties has become important due to their application in solid state batteries and electrochromic devices
More informationConductivity Improvement of Chitosan Membranes through Modification with Lithium for Lithium Polymer Battery Application
Conductivity Improvement of Chitosan embranes through odification with Lithium for Lithium Polymer Battery Application S. N. ASNIN 1, WAHAB 2, DIAN PERANA 3, L. O. AHAD 1 *, S. H. SABARWATI 1, L. O. A.
More informationSupporting Information. Supercapacitors
Supporting Information Ni(OH) 2 Nanoflower/Graphene Hydrogels: A New Assembly for Supercapacitors Ronghua Wang ab, Anjali Jayakumar a, Chaohe Xu* c and Jong-Min Lee* a [a] School of Chemical and Biomedical
More information