Chemistry 121: Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Fall 2018

Transcription

1 Chemistry 121: Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry Fall 2018 Chem 121 is the first of a 2 quarter series covering the fundamental concepts of inorganic, organic, and biological chemistry and is intended primarily for students in various health-related programs and transfer agriculture science. Chem 121 requires moderate proficiency with algebra; as such Math 99 or above is prerequisite, although placement testing into intermediate algebra or beyond is also acceptable. Suggested English language skills are placement into, or preferably completion of, English 101. Chem 121 will develop the central concepts of measurement and determination of physical properties; scientific and analytical methodology, the nature of atoms, molecules, and ions; bonding between atoms and molecules; mass relationships and stoichiometry; states of matter and the gas laws; solubility and solution chemistry. Additionally, Chem 121 will explore chemical reactivity in terms of equilibrium and kinetics, focusing primarily on acid-base and oxidation-reduction reactions. Acids, bases, and ph will be developed further and the course will finish with a consideration of nuclear stability, radioactivity, and its consequences. The course will be presented within a framework of practical relevance, and should provide a chemical scaffold on which to interpret physical phenomena, with examples geared primarily towards the health science student. Instructor: Shane Hendrickson Office: Eller-Fox, Room 3009 Website: Phone: (509) shendrickson@wvc.edu Official Office hours: M-Th 9 to 10 am, F 11 am to noon; otherwise by appointment 1 Required Text 2 : Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 8 th edition, J. McMurry, et. al., Pearson (2017). ISBN-13: Time & Location Lecture Section AO: M, T, W, Th from 8:00 to 8:50 am, Eller-Fox Rm 3015 Section CO: M, T, W, Th from 12:00 to 12:50 pm, Eller-Fox Rm 3018 Section DO: M, W from 2:00 to 3:50 pm, Eller-Fox Rm 3015 Laboratory Labs will be held at the same time as the lecture for each section and will take place on Friday in Eller- Fox Labs for Chem& 121 are 1 hour 50 minutes in length 11 Although generally available please see my schedule posted on Commons or Canvas 2 The Chem 121 lab experiments are available at the bookstore for $5. You are also required to purchase a pair of chemical safety goggles, also available at the bookstore, and you will need a scientific calculator capable of carrying out logarithms and exponential functions (your smartphone is not an acceptable alternative)

2 Grading: The Grading for Chem 121 will be as follows Point Examinations, lowest devalued to 50 points o 2 exams(100 points/exam) + 1 exam(50 points/exam) = 250 points (41.7 %) Final Exam = 100 points (16.7 %) 8 Laboratory Experiments 3 : 8 Labs(20 points/lab) = 160 points (26.7 %) 4 Quizzes, lowest dropped: 3 Quizzes(20 points/quiz) = 60 points (10.0 %) 3 Group Exercises: 3 GE(10 points/ge) = 30 points (5.00 %) Total graded 4 points = 600 Grades will be assigned as a percentage of total points possible, as follows: % Grade % Grade % Grade % Grade >93.0 A B C D A B C- < 56.9 F B C D+ As may be noted from the above, the course is not graded on a Gaussian distribution. I reserve the right to normalize the grades upward if the class average falls below a C+. However, the more likely occurrence will be the assigning of additional problems for extra credit Schedule of Examinations 5 : Part I: Physical Properties of Substances, Measurement, Atomic Structure: Monday, 10/15 Part II: Ionic & Covalent Bonding, Balancing Chemical Equations, Principal Reactions: Tuesday, 10/30 Part III: Mass Relationships and Stoichiometry, Reaction Rate & Equilibrium, Gas Laws, Solution Chemistry: Tuesday, 11/27 Part IV: Acids, Bases, Salts & Buffers; Nuclear Chemistry (Final Exam): Sections AO, DO - Wednesday, 12/12; Section CO Tuesday, 12/13 3 You must complete the laboratory experiments to pass the class. If you miss more than 1 lab they cannot be made up and you must withdraw from the course (drop deadline 11/13) 4 Non-extra credit 5 Questions for the examinations will be based primarily on material covered in lecture, group exercises, and assigned homework. While homework will be regularly assigned, it will not be collected. Answers to selected problems may be found beginning on page A-7 of your textbook and each exam will contain several questions bearing a remarkable resemblance to the assigned homework.

3 Make-up Examinations & Late Work Policy Make-up exams will be considered only if you approach me before the scheduled exam with an exceptional, documentable excuse. Documentation is mandatory before a make-up examination will be provided. If you miss an exam and have not notified me beforehand you will receive a zero for that exam. As one quiz is dropped, make-up quizzes will not be provided Due to time constraints, make-up examinations will not be given for poor test performance. Late work is assessed a 20 % penalty for each calendar day it is late; that is, a 10 point assignment turned in 3 days late has a maximum value of 4 points. After 5 days the assignment has no point value. Any assignment turned in after the assignment has been returned to the rest of the class has no point value Labs are normally due at the beginning of the following lab session. Labs not turned in at the start of the session will be assessed a 5 % penalty Excusal from Final In the event a student need only pass the final with a C to receive an A for the course, he or she is excused from taking the final examination. Since the total number of graded (non-extra credit) points in the course is 600,.93(600) = 558 points are required for an A. As a C passing score for the final is 70, 488 points (558 70) accumulated prior to the final is required to have the examination waived. While this corresponds to 97.6 % of graded points, opportunities for extra credit exist and having the final waived is a real possibility for the dedicated student. All other work must be turned in prior to the final and the 4 th and final quiz must receive a passing mark of > 70 % to exercise this option. Behavior You are primarily students who have elected to pursue professional careers in the health sciences. As such, little needs be said concerning behavior since the expectation is you will conduct yourselves accordingly. You should be mindful of creating distractions, as they only impede your fellow students opportunity for success. Please note that questions are never considered distractions, but must be limited to the topic at hand. As a courtesy to others, smartphones or other portable electronic devices should be turned off, or switched to vibrate in the event an emergency call is anticipated. Laptop computers or similar devices capable of accessing the day s lecture and taking notes are encouraged, but only as a learning aid for the discussion at hand. Students using laptops for anything but the day s topic will be assessed a 5 point penalty. Texting in class is not allowed and students found doing so will also be penalized 5 points no exceptions. Cheating will not be tolerated under any circumstances. My standing policy is to give a score of 0 for any exam a student is caught cheating on. Such an exam cannot be normalized to 50 points. Therefore, since each exam is worth 18 % of the total points, and the division of letter grades roughly corresponds to 10% of the total points available, cheating on an exam will likely cost you 2 letter grades. Similarly, any quiz in which cheating has occurred cannot be dropped (please refer to grading section above) You must be appropriately attired for work in the chemistry laboratory owing to the hazards present. Indirect venting, vapor resistant chemical goggles, long pants and closed toed shoes are mandatory any time chemicals are in use. Failure to be properly attired may result in dismissal from the laboratory without the opportunity to conduct the experiment at a later time (refer to footnote 2 on the previous page Disabilities Students with disabilities who believe they may need academic adjustments, auxiliary aids or services to fully participate in course activities or meet course requirements are encouraged to register with Disability Support Services, Rm 2133 in Wenatchi Hall. (509)

4 Tentative Schedule of Lecture Topics Part I: Physical Properties of Substances, Measurement, Atomic Structure Week 1 Monday, 9/24 Course Introduction; Avogadro s Avocados and the Scale of Chemistry Tuesday, 9/25 Chemistry as the Study of Matter; States, Properties, and Classification of Matter ( , 9.1) HW 1 Out Wednesday, 9/26 States, Properties, and Classification of Matter Continued; Chemical Elements and Symbols; Elements and the Periodic Table; An Example of a Chemical Reaction ( , 9.1) Thursday, 9/27 Physical Quantities Measuring Mass, Length, and Volume ( ) Friday, 9/28 Lab Session 1: Check In, Gas Burner Week 2 Monday, 10/01 Measurement and Significant Figures; Scientific Notation; Rounding Review ( ) Tuesday, 10/02 Problem Solving - Conversion Factors & Dimensional Analysis; Estimating Answers; Density and Specific Gravity (1.10, 1.12) Wednesday, 10/03 Group Exercise 1 Thursday, 10/04 Measuring Temperature; Energy and Heat (1.13, 8.14) Friday, 10/05 Lab Session 2: The Metric System & Density Week 3 Monday, 10/08 Quiz 1 Tuesday, 10/09 Atomic Theory; Elements and Atomic Number; Isotopes and Atomic Weight; The Periodic Table I: Structure/Periodicity; Important Groups ( ) HW 2 Out Wednesday, 10/10 The Periodic Table II: Electronic Configuration of Atoms; Electronic Configuration & the Structure of the Periodic Table; Electron Dot Symbols & Intro to Lewis Structures ( ) Thursday, 10/11 Ions; Periodic Properties and Ion Formation; Ionic Bonds; Properties of Ionic Compounds; Ions and the Octet Rule; Ions of Common Elements and Their Names ( ) HW 3 Out Friday, 10/12 Lab Session 3: The Metric System & Density Continued

5 Part II: Ionic & Covalent Bonding, Balancing Chemical Equations, Principal Reactions Week 4 Monday, 10/15 Examination I: Chapters 1 2 Tuesday, 10/16 Polyatomic Ions; Formulas of Ionic Compounds; Naming Ionic Compounds; An Introduction to Acids and Bases ( ) Wednesday, 10/17 Covalent Bonds and the Periodic Table; Multiple Covalent Bonds; Coordinate Covalent Bonds; Molecular Formulas and Lewis Structures Revisited ( , ) HW 4 Out Thursday, 10/18 The Shapes of Molecules; Electronegativity and Polar Covalent Molecules; Polar Molecules and Characteristics of Molecular Compounds; Naming Binary Molecular Compounds; (4.5, ) Friday, 10/19 Lab Session 4: Model Building Week 5 Monday, 10/22 Group Exercise 2 Tuesday, 10/23 The Chemical Equation; Balancing Chemical Equations; Classes of Chemical Reactions I: Precipitation Reactions ( ) Wednesday, 10/24 Classes of Chemical Reactions II: Acid/Base Neutralization Reactions; Redox Reactions ( ) Thursday, 10/25 Quiz II Friday, 10/26 Lab Session 5: Copper to Copper Week 6 Part III: Mass Relationships and Stoichiometry, Reaction Rate & Equilibrium Behavior of Gases, Solution Chemistry Monday, 10/29 Avogadro s Number and the Mole; Gram-Mole Conversions; Mass/Mole Relationships in Chemical Reactions ( ) HW 6 Out Tuesday, 10/30 Examination II: Chapters 3 5 Wednesday, 10/31 Mass/Mole Relationships in Chemical Reactions Continued; Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield ( ) Thursday, 11/01 Energy and Chemical Bonds; Heat Changes in Chemical Reactions: Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions; Free Energy ( ) HW 7 Out Friday, 11/02 Lab Session 6: Kitchen Chemistry

6 Week 7 Monday, 11/05 Tuesday, 11/06 Wednesday, 11/07 Thursday, 11/08 Friday, 11/09 The Rate of Chemical Reactions; Effect of Temperature, Concentration, and Catalysts on Reaction Rate ( ) Advising No Classes Equilibrium-Reversibility in Chemical Reactions; The Equilibrium Expression & Constant; LeChâtelier s Principle ( ) States of Matter and Phase Changes; Intermolecular Forces and Consequences; Liquid-Gas Equilibrium & Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point, and Relative Humidity (8.1, 8.2, 8.12) HW 8 Out No Lab: 8 am, and bonus exercise available online Week 8 Monday, 11/12 Veterans Holiday Tuesday, 11/13 Kinetic Molecular Theory; Pressure; The Gas Laws ( ) Last to Withdraw or Change to Audit Wednesday, 11/14 The Gas Laws (cont.); Henry s Law and the Transport of O 2 & CO 2 in the Body; Mixtures, Solutions and Solubility; Forming a Solution Solvation (Halleluiah!) ; Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility; ( , ) Thursday, 11/15 Units of Concentration; Determination of Concentration; Dilution ( ) HW 9 Out Friday, 11/16 Lab Session 7: Electrolytes Week 9 Monday, 11/19 Quiz 3 Tuesday, 11/20 Electrolytes - Ions in Solution; Electrolytes in Body Fluids; Colligative Properties of Solutions; Osmotic Pressure and Isotonic Solutions; Dialysis ( ) Wednesday, 11/21 Professional No Classes Thursday, 11/22 Thanksgiving Holiday Friday, 11/23 Thanksgiving Holiday

7 Part IV: Acids, Bases, Salts & Buffers; Nuclear Chemistry Week 10 Monday, 11/26 Brønstead-Lowry Acid/Base Theory Revisited: Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution & Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs; Common Acids and Bases; Acid and Base Strength & Acid Dissociation Constants ( ) HW 10 Out Tuesday, 11/27 Examination III: Chapters 6 9 Wednesday, 11/28 Water as Both Acid and Base; Autoionization of Water and the ph Scale; ph as the relative Acidity/Basicity of Aqueous Solutions; Measuring ph ( ) Thursday, 11/29 Acid/Base Equivalents; Review of Common Acid/Base Reactions; Buffers & the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation; Biological Buffer Systems; Acid/Base Characteristics of Salt Solutions; Titration ( ) Friday, 11/30 Lab Session 8: Acids and Bases Week 11 Monday, 12/03 Group Exercise 3 Tuesday, 12/04 Nuclear Reactions; The Discovery and Nature of Radioactivity; Stable vs. Unstable Isotopes; Electromagnetic Radiation; Nuclear Decay ( ) HW 11 Out Wednesday, 12/05 Radioactive Half-Life; Ionizing Radiation & Effect of Distance on Intensity of Radiation; Detecting, Quantifying, and the Biologic Effects of Radiation; Uses of Radiation ( ) Thursday, 12/06 Quiz 4 Friday, 12/07 Lab Session 9: Radioactivity & Check Out (Labs are due on Monday) Week 12 Monday, 12/10 Professional No Classes Tuesday, 12/11 Final Examination Section 10:30 am in EF 3018 Wednesday, 12/12 Final Examination Section 8 am in EF 3015 Final Examination Section 1 pm in EF 3015 Thursday, 12/13 Finals Friday, 12/14 Happy Holidays!