Chemistry of period II elements

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chemistry of period II elements"

Transcription

1 digitalteachers.co.ug Chemistry of period II elements Period 2 consists of the following elements as shown in table 7.1 below. Table 7.1 Period 2 elements Element: Li Be B C N O F Ne Electron Configuration 1s 2 2s 1 1s 2 2s 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 The diagonal relationship Li Be B C Na Mg Al Si Li and Mg, Be and Al, B and Si have similarities in their chemical properties. Such similarities in chemical properties between the first element and the second element in the next higher group are called diagonal relationship. This kind of relation exists between some elements of periods 2 and 3. Thus diagonal relationship is the similarity in chemical properties between elements in the second period with elements which are lying to their right in the 3 rd period or lying diagonally opposite to them. The reason for the diagonal relationship is because the two diagonally related elements (e.g., Li and Mg or Be and Al) have very similar electropositivity. Since electropositivity increases from top to bottom in any periodic group and decreases from left to right across a particular period, the increase in electropositivity in going down one place in the periodic group, (e.g., magnesium is one place lower than lithium) is compensated for by the decrease that occurs in moving one step across a period from left to right (magnesium is one place to the right of lithium). Alternatively, two diagonally related elements have the same polarizing power since on moving from left to right across a period, the cationic charge increases and cationic size decreases, the magnitude of

2 polarizing power increases, and moving down the group, however, cationic size increases reducing the polarizing power. Since these two variations of polarizing power of cations (along the period and down the group) are opposite each other, they partially cancel (balance) each other when we move diagonally in the periodic table. Alternatively, two diagonally related elements have the same electronegativity, since an increase in electronegativity one step across the period is cancelled out by a decrease in electronegativity one step down the group. Similarities between Li and Mg The following summaries show the ways in which lithium resembles magnesium and, differs from other alkali metals. Li and Mg 1. Both form normal oxides when they burn in oxygen. 4Li (s) + O 2 (g) 2Li 2O (s) 2Mg (s) + O 2 (g) 2MgO (s) 2. Their carbonates, hydroxides and peroxides readily decompose to the oxides on heating. Li 2CO 3 (s) Li 2O (s) + CO 2 (g) MgCO 3 (s) MgO (s) + CO 2 (g) 3. Their nitrates decompose on heating to give oxides, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. 4LiNO 3 (s) 2Li 2O(s) + 4NO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2Mg(NO 3) 2 (s) 2MgO(s) + 4NO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 4. Their carbonates and phosphates are insoluble in water. Na, K, Rb and Cs Form peroxides, e.g., Na 2O 2 or hyper oxides, e.g., KO 2 No similar decomposition. Nitrates decompose to give nitrites. 2KNO 3(s) 2KNO 2(s) + O 2(g) Corresponding compounds are more soluble 5. Form strongly hydrated ions in solution Corresponding ions are not hydrated in solution 6. They form carbides and nitrides by direct combination with the element. 3Mg (s) + N 2 (g) (Mg 2+ ) 3(N 3- ) 2 (s) No reaction with N 2 nor C. Mg (s) + 2C (s) Mg 2+ (CC) 2- (s) 7. Halides (except fluorides) are soluble in organic solvents. 8. Compounds have covalent character. Hydro carbonates known only in solution Corresponding compounds much less soluble. Solid hydro carbonates can be made.

3 Trial 7.1 (i) Explain what is meant by diagonal relationship. (3 ½ mark) (ii) Name five properties in which lithium resembles magnesium but differs from the rest of group 1 metals. Give one reason for the resemblance between lithium and magnesium. (10 marks) Similarities between Be and Al. The following summary shows how beryllium resembles aluminium, and differs from other group 2A metals. Be and Al Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba 1. Both are passive to nitric acid. React with nitric acid to form salts. 2. Both react with NaOH solution to evolve No reaction with alkalis. hydrogen. Be (s) OH (aq) + 2H 2O (l) 2- Be(OH) 4 (aq) + H 2 (g) beryllate ion Al (s) OH (aq) + 6H 2O (l) 2Al(OH) 4 - (aq) + 3H 2(g) aluminate ion 3. The oxides and hydroxides of beryllium and aluminium are amphoteric. Oxides and hydroxides are basic 4. The chlorides are covalent polymeric solids (through dative bonding). When anhydrous (BeCl 2) X and (AlCl 3) X which readily dissolve in organic solvents. They are readily hydrolysed by water, with evolution of HCl. 5. Beryllium carbide, Be 2C, and aluminium carbide, Al 4C 3, give methane on treatment with water. Be 2C(s) + 4H 2O(l) 2Be(OH) 2(s) + CH 4(g) Chlorides and hydroxides have high conductivities and boiling temperatures; they are not hydrolysed and are ionic. e.g., Ca 2+ Cl - 2 CaC 2 gives ethyne with water. CaC 2(s) + 2H 2O(l) Ca(OH) 2(aq) + HC CH(g) 2Al 4C 3(s) + 12H 2O(l) 4Al(OH) 3(s) + 3CH 4(g) 6. Similar complexes of beryllium and aluminium have similar stabilities, e.g., BeF 4 2- and AlF No similar compounds.

4 Trial 7.2 Beryllium differs in some of its properties from the rest of the elements in the group. (i) State two properties in which beryllium differs from the rest of the members of the group. (ii) Give reasons why beryllium shows different properties from the rest of the elements. (2marks) (2marks) Trial 7.3 Explain the following observations. (b) Beryllium belongs to group II of the periodic table and yet its Chemistry and that of its compounds resemble that of aluminum. Trial 7.4 Beryllium, like aluminium can react with sodium hydroxide solution. Other group II elements do not. (i) Write ionic equations for the reactions of beryllium and aluminium with sodium hydroxide solution. (ii) List three other properties in which beryllium shows similarity to aluminium. (iii) Explain why beryllium behaves differently from other group II elements. (iv) Name two other elements which have a similar relationship like beryllium and aluminium. Similarities between B and Si The ways in which boron resembles silicon and differs from aluminium are summarised below. B and Si 1. Non-metals with very similar properties; nonconducting. Al A metal with different physical properties; conducting. 2. Compounds are covalent. Compounds are partially ionic. 3. Their oxides (Be 2O 3 and SiO 2) are strongly acidic in character and form oxy-acids (H 3BO 3, H 2SiO 3) with water. These react with aqueous alkalis to produce borates and silicates. 4. Form covalent chlorides, BCl 3 and SiCl 4, which are readily hydrolyzed. 5. Form borides, e.g., MgB 2 and CaB 6, and silicides, e.g., Mg 2Si, with metals. Oxide is amphoteric, with high melting temperature. AlCl 3 is less readily hydrolyzed. No similar compounds.

5 Additional exercise 1. (a) Explain why, the atomic spectrum of hydrogen contains lines in the radio - frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum. (b) The Balmer series of the lines in the atomic spectrum of atomic hydrogen arises from electronic transitions from the level n = 2 and m = 3, 4, 5, etc. These lines fit the general equation. 1 = R n m 2 Where R is Rydberg's constant and has the value cm -1 and λ is the wavelength in cm. Calculate the wavelength of the first three spectral lines in this series in nm. (c) The Lyman s series of spectral lines arises from electronic transitions from n = 1 (ground state level) to m = 2, 3, 4, etc. Calculate the series limit, (which corresponds to complete removal of the electron). Hence, calculate the energy in joules needed to remove the electron completely from the atom. (d) Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 242 nm is just sufficient to ionise the outermost electron of sodium atom. Calculate the ionisation energy of sodium atom in kj mol -1. (Planck's constant is X J S and the velocity of light is 3 X 10 8 m s -1 ). 2. (a) Explain what is meant by the term, "ionisation energy." (b) Show the trends in ionisation energy across a period and down a group in the Periodic Table. (c) Give reasons for the trends in (b) above. 3 (a) The electronic structure of sodium is or more precisely, 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1. Write down, in similar way, the electronic structures of Be, B, N, O, F and Ne. (b) Explain why the first ionisation energy of elements of a given period of a periodic table increases from left to right of the periodic table (c) Use electronic structures (3a) above to explain why (i) the first ionisation energy of beryllium is higher than that of boron. (ii) the first ionisation energy of oxygen is lower than that of nitrogen. (iii) the difference between the first and second ionisation energies of sodium is higher than the corresponding difference for calcium. 4. (a) Define the terms atoms, atomic number, mass number. (b) Name and give relative masses and charges of the three fundamental particles of an atom which are significant in Chemistry. (c) What explanation can you offer for the following? (i) Aluminium chloride is essentially covalent, whereas aluminium fluoride is predominantly ionic. (ii) Aluminium is exclusively 3-valent, whereas transition metals display several valence states. (iii)the boiling points of the hydrogen halides are: HF,19 0 C; HCl, C; HBr, C; HI,-35 0 C. (iv) Calcium oxide has the formula Ca 2+ O 2- and not Ca + O -.

6 5. Explain concisely what is meant by the terms: electrovalent bond, covalent bond, and coordinate bond. Compare and contrast the physical properties displayed by common compounds containing electrovalent and covalent bonds. Write electronic formulae for the following compounds containing electrovalent and covalent bonds. (i) Magnesium chloride, (ii) ethane (iii) ammonium chloride. Comment on the types of bonds. 6. The first member of a family (a vertical group) of elements in the periodic table has properties that are not typical of the other members of the family. Discuss and explain this statement with respect to two non-metals and one metal. 7. Illustrate how the Chemistry of elements and their compounds changes across a short period by writing a comparative account of the Chemistry of the elements sodium to chlorine in the second period, and of their oxides and hydrides. 8. (a) Explain the trends in the atomic radii of the elements both along period 3 (Na-Cl) and down group 7 (F-I) of the periodic table. Show with the aid of examples, how these trends help to explain the changes in chemical properties of the elements. (b) Explain how the effects of (i) heat and (ii) water on sodium chloride and aluminium chloride are influenced by the type of bonding present in each compound. 9. Define the terms: ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity. Show how a consideration of the trends in the values of these terms may be used to explain the variation in the bond types and chemical properties of chlorides, oxides and hydrides of elements of the period, sodium to chlorine. 10. Compare sodium, aluminium and sulphur with respect to their reactions with (a) oxygen and (b) chlorine. Your comparisons should include the following: (i) the conditions of the reactions and equations. (ii) the bonding in the products; (iii) the reactions, including equations of the products with water to which a few drops of universal indicator have been added. (iv) how the characteristics (I), (ii) and (iii) show the change in nature of an element on passing from left to right in the periodic table 11. (a) What is an atom? (b) Give the basic units that form an atom and their physical properties. (c) Which of these units (b) above can be used to arrange elements in the periodic table? Develop your reasoning. (d) (i) Relate the four quantum numbers of an electron in an atom. (ii) Write the s, p and d electronic configurations of the first 20 elements.

THE s- BLOCK ELEMENTS General electronic configuration- [ noble gas] ns 1-2

THE s- BLOCK ELEMENTS General electronic configuration- [ noble gas] ns 1-2 THE s- BLOCK ELEMENTS General electronic configuration- [ noble gas] ns 1-2 GROUP 1 ELEMENTS : ALKALI METALS General electronic configuration- [ noble gas] ns 1 Members- Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Atomic and

More information

CHEM 122 Unit 1 Introduction to Group Chemistry

CHEM 122 Unit 1 Introduction to Group Chemistry DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FOURAH BAY COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF SIERRA LEONE CHEM 122 Unit 1 Introduction to Group Chemistry CREDIT HOURS 2.0 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS C6 in WASSCE Chemistry or equivalent Pass in

More information

Summary Term 2 Chemistry STPM Prepared by Crystal Goh AI Tuition Centre

Summary Term 2 Chemistry STPM Prepared by Crystal Goh AI Tuition Centre Summary Term Chemistry STPM Prepared by Crystal Goh AI Tuition Centre 017713136 Period 3 elements property Na Mg Al Si P (P 4 ) Type of element Metal Metalloid Non-metal Structure Giant metallic lattice

More information

F321: Atoms, Bonds and Groups Structure & Bonding

F321: Atoms, Bonds and Groups Structure & Bonding F321: Atoms, Bonds and Groups Structure & Bonding 1. This question is about different models of bonding and molecular shapes. Magnesium sulfide shows ionic bonding. What is meant by the term ionic bonding?

More information

S-BLOCK ELEMENT (Test-36)

S-BLOCK ELEMENT (Test-36) S-BLOCK ELEMENT (Test-36) READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. The test is of 2 hours duration. 2. The maximum marks are 236. 3. This test consists of 70 questions. 4. Keep your mobiles switched off during

More information

THE ST. MICHAEL SCHOOL THIRD FORM CHEMISTRY MANUAL 3 SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE, CHEMICAL BONDING AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

THE ST. MICHAEL SCHOOL THIRD FORM CHEMISTRY MANUAL 3 SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE, CHEMICAL BONDING AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS 1 THE ST. MICHAEL SCHOOL THIRD FORM CHEMISTRY MANUAL 3 SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE, CHEMICAL BONDING AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS COMPILED BY G.WALKER, L.WORRELL, T. HARDING REFERENCE BOOKS Anne Tindale Chemistry A

More information

States of matter

States of matter 3.1.3.4 States of matter 261 minutes 257 marks Page 1 of 30 Q1. (a) Describe the bonding in a metal. Explain why magnesium has a higher melting point than sodium. (4) (b) Why do diamond and graphite both

More information

Shapes of molecules & ions

Shapes of molecules & ions .1..5 Shapes of molecules & ions 54 minutes 50 marks Page 1 of 6 Q1. (a) The shape of the molecule BCl and that of the unstable molecule CCl are shown below. (i) Why is each bond angle exactly 10 in BCl?

More information

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (includes some questions from 1.4 Periodicity)

PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (includes some questions from 1.4 Periodicity) PRACTICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR 1.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE (includes some questions from 1.4 Periodicity) 1. At room temperature, both sodium metal and sodium chloride are crystalline solids which contain

More information

Downloaded from

Downloaded from Subject: Chemistry Class: XI Chapter: The s-block Elements Top concepts. The s-block elements of the periodic table are those in which the last electron enters the outermost s-orbital. Elements of group

More information

Questions Booklet. UNIT 1: Principles & Applications of Science I CHEMISTRY SECTION. Level 3 Applied Science. Name:.. Teacher:..

Questions Booklet. UNIT 1: Principles & Applications of Science I CHEMISTRY SECTION. Level 3 Applied Science. Name:.. Teacher:.. Level 3 Applied Science UNIT 1: Principles & Applications of Science I CHEMISTRY SECTION Questions Booklet Name:.. Teacher:.. Level 3 Applied Science 2017-2018 Unit 1 (Chemistry) 1 1. State the relative

More information

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES Seminar_2 1. Chemical compounds and their characteristic properties. 2. Types of chemical bonds (theses). 3. Basic types of complex compounds (theses). 4. Stability of complex compounds. TEST 2_ Chemical

More information

mohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BONDS

mohd faisol mansor/chemistry form 4/chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BONDS CHAPTER 5 CHEMICAL BONDS Almost all chemical substances exist as compounds in nature except inert gases and other stable element (such as gold and silver). Atom of other element that have less than eight

More information

Q1. The table below shows the boiling points of some hydrogen compounds formed by Group 6 elements. S H 2 O H 2. Boiling point / K

Q1. The table below shows the boiling points of some hydrogen compounds formed by Group 6 elements. S H 2 O H 2. Boiling point / K Q1. The table below shows the boiling points of some hydrogen compounds formed by Group 6 elements. H O H S H Se H Te Boiling point / K 373 1 3 71 (a) State the strongest type of intermolecular force in

More information

Elements in the Periodic Table show a periodic trend in atomic radius. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.

Elements in the Periodic Table show a periodic trend in atomic radius. In your answer you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. 1 The Periodic Table is arranged in periods and groups (a) Elements in the Periodic Table show a periodic trend in atomic radius State and explain the trend in atomic radius from Li to F In your answer

More information

NATIONAL 5 CHEMISTRY

NATIONAL 5 CHEMISTRY Farr High School NATIONAL 5 CHEMISTRY Unit 1 Chemical Changes and Structure Question Booklet 1 Rates of Reaction 1. Explain how the following would affect the rate of the reaction between 1.0 g of magnesium

More information

Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds.

Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Forming a bond makes an atom more stable, so atoms form as many bonds are they are able to. Bonds are made using

More information

Identify the reaction type, predict the products, and balance the equations. If it is a special decomposition or synthesis, identify which kind.

Identify the reaction type, predict the products, and balance the equations. If it is a special decomposition or synthesis, identify which kind. Identify the reaction type, predict the products, and balance the equations. If it is a special decomposition or synthesis, identify which kind. 1. calcium + oxygen 2. cupric carbonate 3. aluminum + hydrochloric

More information

Elements react to attain stable (doublet or octet) electronic configurations of the noble gases.

Elements react to attain stable (doublet or octet) electronic configurations of the noble gases. digitalteachers.co.ug Chemical bonding This chapter teaches the different types and names of bonds that exist in substances that keep their constituent particles together. We will understand how these

More information

SCI-CH Chem Test II fall 2018 Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions

SCI-CH Chem Test II fall 2018 Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions SCI-CH Chem Test II fall 2018 Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions [Exam ID:25FPCV 1 When a strontium atom loses its valence electrons, it has the same electron configuration as which element?

More information

Unit 10 THE s -BLCK ELEMENTS I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. The alkali metals are low melting. Which of the following alkali metal is expected to melt if the room temperature rises to 30 C? Na

More information

UNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS REVISION CHECKLIST. Miscellaneous Questions

UNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS REVISION CHECKLIST. Miscellaneous Questions UNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS REVISION CHECKLIST Miscellaneous Questions 1.1 Module 1: Atoms and Reactions 1.1.1 Atoms Candidates should be able to: Atomic structure (a) describe protons, neutrons

More information

State the strongest type of interaction that occurs between molecules of hydrogen peroxide and water.

State the strongest type of interaction that occurs between molecules of hydrogen peroxide and water. Q1.A hydrogen peroxide molecule can be represented by the structure shown. (a) Suggest a value for the H O O bond angle. (b) Hydrogen peroxide dissolves in water. (i) State the strongest type of interaction

More information

sodium ions have a larger charge density than magnesium ions. the repulsion between the ions in sodium is less than in magnesium.

sodium ions have a larger charge density than magnesium ions. the repulsion between the ions in sodium is less than in magnesium. 1 The melting temperature of sodium is lower than the melting temperature of magnesium. The best explanation for this is sodium atoms are smaller than magnesium atoms. sodium ions have a larger charge

More information

Chem A Ch. 9 Practice Test

Chem A Ch. 9 Practice Test Name: Class: Date: Chem A Ch. 9 Practice Test Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. product d. balanced equation b. reactant e. skeleton equation c. chemical equation 1. a new substance

More information

NSS Chemistry Part 2 The Microscopic World I HKCEE Past Paper Questions Structural Questions

NSS Chemistry Part 2 The Microscopic World I HKCEE Past Paper Questions Structural Questions NSS Chemistry Part 2 The Microscopic World I HKCEE Past Paper Questions Structural Questions 1. HKCEE 1994 Q7b The table below lists some physical properties of lead, bromine and lead(ii) bromide. Lead

More information

ICSE Board. Class X Chemistry. Board Paper Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80

ICSE Board. Class X Chemistry. Board Paper Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80 ICSE Board Class X Chemistry Board Paper 2013 Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80 General Instructions: 1. Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. 2. You will NOT be allowed to

More information

Q1. Ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in atoms. 1s 2... (1) (2)

Q1. Ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in atoms. 1s 2... (1) (2) Q1. Ionisation energies provide evidence for the arrangement of electrons in atoms. (a) Complete the electron configuration of the Mg + ion. 1s 2... (b) (i) State the meaning of the term first ionisation

More information

NEET Chemistry Study Material 10. The s-block Elements

NEET Chemistry Study Material 10. The s-block Elements NEET Chemistry Study Material 10. The s-block Elements 1. Alkali metals are not found in free state due to their highly reactive nature. This is due to their large size and low ionization enthalpy their

More information

Exam Style Questions

Exam Style Questions Calderglen High School Chemistry Department CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure Exam Style Questions Page 2 1.1 Periodicity (25 marks) Page 6 1.2 Bonding and Structure part 1 (25

More information

1. (a) Give the full electronic configuration of an atom of oxygen and give the reason why oxygen is classed as a p-block element

1. (a) Give the full electronic configuration of an atom of oxygen and give the reason why oxygen is classed as a p-block element 1. (a) Give the full electronic configuration of an atom of oxygen and give the reason why oxygen is classed as a p-block element. (c) (d) Write equations to show the changes occurring when the first and

More information

2. Which of the following salts form coloured solutions when dissolved in water? I. Atomic radius II. Melting point III.

2. Which of the following salts form coloured solutions when dissolved in water? I. Atomic radius II. Melting point III. 1. Which pair of elements reacts most readily? A. Li + Br 2 B. Li + Cl 2 C. K + Br 2 D. K + Cl 2 2. Which of the following salts form coloured solutions when dissolved in water? I. ScCl 3 II. FeCl 3 III.

More information

Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas OL

Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas OL Name: Chemical Bonding 5. Chemical Bonding: Chemical Formulas Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Electronegativity Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces Objectives -understand that compounds can be

More information

CHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical bond is the force which holds two or more atoms or ions together in a stable molecule.

CHEMICAL BONDING. Chemical bond is the force which holds two or more atoms or ions together in a stable molecule. SN Kansagra School CHEMISTRY CHAPTER - 2 CHEMICAL BONDING STD. X Chemical bond is the force which holds two or more atoms or ions together in a stable molecule. AN ATOM An atom is the smallest unit of

More information

For the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state.

For the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state. 1. (a) By referring to electrons, explain the meaning of the term oxidising agent.... For the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state.... (c) Complete the table

More information

Model Question Paper PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS:

Model Question Paper PART A ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS: Std: XI Standard Subject: Chemistry ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS: Model Question Paper PART A Time: 2.30 hours Max Marks: 75 Marks (15X1=15) 1. Which one of the following is a standard for atomic mass? a) 6 C

More information

Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element. You should include a labelled diagram in your answer. ... [3] ...

Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element. You should include a labelled diagram in your answer. ... [3] ... 3 Gallium is a metallic element in Group III. It has similar properties to aluminium. (a) (i) Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element. You should include a labelled diagram in your answer.

More information

MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E.

MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. GRADE - X (2017-2018) Exam No. : MT/ICSE/SEMI PRELIM - II - SET -A 020 Periodic Table, Chemical bonding, Acid, Bases and Salts, Practical Work, Mole Concept, Electrolysis Chemistry

More information

1. How many significant digits are there in each of the following measurements? (½ mark each) a) ha b) s. c) d) 0.

1. How many significant digits are there in each of the following measurements? (½ mark each) a) ha b) s. c) d) 0. SCH 4U_07-08 SCH3U: REVIEW NAME: (TOTAL SCORE = 80) 1. How many significant digits are there in each of the following measurements? (½ mark each) a) 204.45 ha b) 18.23 s c) 380 000 d) 0.00560 g 2. Name

More information

Part A Unit-based exercise

Part A Unit-based exercise Topic 2 Microscopic World I / Microscopic World (Combined Science) Part A Unit-based exercise Unit 5 Atomic structure Fill in the blanks 1 atoms 2 solids; liquids; gases 3 metals; metalloids; non-metals

More information

(4) The metallic bonding present in alkali metals is quite weak. Therefore, they have low melting and boiling points.

(4) The metallic bonding present in alkali metals is quite weak. Therefore, they have low melting and boiling points. The s-block Elements What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals? Ans. Physical properties of alkali metalsare as follows. (1) They are quite soft and can be cut easily. Sodium

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 9 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written with the (starting

More information

STRUCTURE AND BONDING

STRUCTURE AND BONDING NAME SCHOOL INDEX NUMBER DATE 1. 1989 Q 6 STRUCTURE AND BONDING The table below gives the distance between atoms (bond lengths) in halogen molecules and the energies required to break the bonds (bond energies)

More information

26. N 2 + H 2 NH N 2 + O 2 N 2 O 28. CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O SiCl 4 + H 2 O H 4 SiO 4 + HCl 30. H 3 PO 4 H 4 P 2 O 7 + H 2 O

26. N 2 + H 2 NH N 2 + O 2 N 2 O 28. CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O SiCl 4 + H 2 O H 4 SiO 4 + HCl 30. H 3 PO 4 H 4 P 2 O 7 + H 2 O Balance the following chemical equations: (Some may already be balanced.) 1. H 2 + O 2 H 2 O 2. S 8 + O 2 SO 3 3. HgO Hg + O 2 4. Zn + HCl ZnCl 2 + H 2 5. Na + H 2 O NaOH + H 2 6. C 10 H 16 + Cl 2 C +

More information

CHAPTER-3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

CHAPTER-3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS CHAPTER-3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS Mandeleev s Periodic Law:- The properties of the elements are the periodic function of their atomic masses. Moseley, the English

More information

The photograph in the textbook provides evidence that an exothermic chemical reaction is occurring.

The photograph in the textbook provides evidence that an exothermic chemical reaction is occurring. Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Indications of a Chemical Reaction Characteristics of Chemical Equations Significance of a Chemical Equation Balancing Chemical Equations Section 1 Describing Chemical

More information

Homework Packet Unit 2. b. Al 3+, F, Na +, Mg 2+, O 2

Homework Packet Unit 2. b. Al 3+, F, Na +, Mg 2+, O 2 Name Period Homework Packet Unit 2 1. Which of the following is the correct empirical formula for a compound that has 37.5% C, 12.6% H, and 49.9% O? (A) C 2 H 4 O (B) CH 4 O 2 (C) CH 5 O 2 (D) CH 4 O (E)

More information

Name CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEW Date Ms. Zavurov

Name CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEW Date Ms. Zavurov Name CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEW Date Ms. Zavurov Per 1. As a chemical bond forms between two hydrogen atoms in a system, energy is released and the stability of the system A) decreases B) increases C) remains

More information

TOPIC: Chemical Bonds

TOPIC: Chemical Bonds TOPIC: Chemical Bonds H O bond H a water molecule In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Forming a bond makes an atom more stable, so atoms form as many bonds are they

More information

Chapter 9. Table of Contents. Stoichiometry. Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry. Section 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations

Chapter 9. Table of Contents. Stoichiometry. Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry. Section 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Stoichiometry Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry Section 2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Section 3 Limiting Reactants and Percentage Yield Section 1 Introduction to Stoichiometry

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 7 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written with the (starting

More information

Class XI Chapter 10 The s-block Elements Chemistry

Class XI Chapter 10 The s-block Elements Chemistry Question 10.1: What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals? Physical properties of alkali metals are as follows. (1) They are quite soft and can be cut easily. Sodium metal can

More information

Year 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice. Section A Multiple Choice

Year 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice. Section A Multiple Choice Year 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice Section A Multiple Choice 1 An aqueous solution is obtained when: a. a substance dissolves in any liquid b. a substance is dissolved in water c. when a

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 4.0 - Chemical Formulae and Equations - the chemical symbols for the first 20 elements - And the charges of the ions they form - And use them to

More information

SNC2D Chemistry Review

SNC2D Chemistry Review SNC2D Chemistry Review 1. For each of the following elements: (a) Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for the neutral atom (b) Determine the charge of the ion each element forms (c) Draw the Lewis dot diagram

More information

Questions Q1. The first ionization energies, in kj mol -1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are shown below. A 1680 B 2080 C 496 D 738

Questions Q1. The first ionization energies, in kj mol -1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are shown below. A 1680 B 2080 C 496 D 738 Questions Q1. The first ionization energies, in kj mol -1, of four elements with consecutive atomic numbers are shown below. 1680 2080 496 738 (a) Which element could be an inert gas? (b) Which element

More information

2 Answer all the questions.

2 Answer all the questions. 2 Answer all the questions. 1 A sample of the element boron, B, was analysed using a mass spectrometer and was found to contain two isotopes, 10 B and 11 B. (a) (i) Explain the term isotopes. Complete

More information

Chapter The bridging oxygen atoms have an oxidation number of 1:

Chapter The bridging oxygen atoms have an oxidation number of 1: Chapter 13 THE GROUP 13 ELEMENTS Exercises 13.1 (a) 3 K(l) + AlCl 3 (s) Al(s) + 3 KCl(s) (b) B 2 O 3 (s) + 2 NH 3 (g) 2 BN(s) + 3 H 2 O(g) (c) 2 Al(s) + 2 OH (aq) + 6 H 2 O(l) 2 [Al(OH) 4 ] (aq) + 3 H

More information

a) State modern periodic law. Name the scientist who stated the law.

a) State modern periodic law. Name the scientist who stated the law. INTEXT - QUESTION - 1 Question 1: a) State modern periodic law. Name the scientist who stated the law. b) What is a periodic table? How many groups and periods does modern periodic table have? Solution

More information

10. Group 2. N Goalby chemrevise.org. Group 2 reactions. Reactions with oxygen. Reactions with water.

10. Group 2. N Goalby chemrevise.org. Group 2 reactions. Reactions with oxygen. Reactions with water. 10. Group 2 Atomic radius Atomic radius increases down the Group. As one goes down the group, the atoms have more shells of electrons making the atom bigger. Melting points Down the group the melting points

More information

PRACTICE EXERCISE Using Figure 7.6, predict which will be greater, the P Br bond length in PBr 3 or the As Cl bond length in AsCl 3.

PRACTICE EXERCISE Using Figure 7.6, predict which will be greater, the P Br bond length in PBr 3 or the As Cl bond length in AsCl 3. SAMPLE EXERCISE 7.1 Bond Lengths in a Molecule Natural gas used in home heating and cooking is odorless. Because natural gas leaks pose the danger of explosion or suffocation, various smelly substances

More information

AP Chemistry - Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry - Summer Assignment AP Chemistry - Summer Assignment NOTE: a. MUST SHOW ALL WORK FOR CREDIT!! b. Where work is required, do on a separate sheet of paper c. These are the foundational things you should be able to do when you

More information

ICSE Chemistry Board Paper 2016

ICSE Chemistry Board Paper 2016 2015 Time: 2 hours; Max. Marks: 80 General Instructions: Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed 10 write during the first 15 minutes. This time

More information

Bonding Mrs. Pugliese. Name March 02, 2011

Bonding Mrs. Pugliese. Name March 02, 2011 Bonding Mrs. Pugliese Name March 02, 2011 1. Atoms of which element have the greatest tendency to gain electrons? 1. bromine 3. fluorine 2. chlorine 4. iodine 2. Which polyatomic ion contains the greatest

More information

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Name AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP chemistry! This summer assignment is intended to help you review the basic topics you learned in pre-ap chemistry that are crucial for your success in

More information

CHEMICAL BONDING. Dear Reader

CHEMICAL BONDING. Dear Reader CHEMICAL BONDING Dear Reader As you have already studied that the substances exist as discrete units called molecules. These molecules are formed by the combination of atoms. When these atoms combine,

More information

Classification s,p,d blocks

Classification s,p,d blocks 3.1.4.1 Classification s,p,d blocks 78 minutes 77 marks Page 1 of 7 Q1. (a) Explain why certain elements in the Periodic Table are classified as p-block elements. Illustrate your answer with an example

More information

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between

More information

(a) Fill in the last two boxes in the table below to show the order in which the next two sub-shells are filled.

(a) Fill in the last two boxes in the table below to show the order in which the next two sub-shells are filled. 1 In atoms, electrons fill up the sub-shells in order of increasing energy. (a) Fill in the last two boxes in the table below to show the order in which the next two sub-shells are filled. 1s 2s 2p s p

More information

4 Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table Answers to Exam practice questions

4 Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table Answers to Exam practice questions Pages 116 118 Exam practice questions 1 a) Atomic radius increases down the group [1] because of the increasing number of inner full shells of electrons. [1] The more full shells the larger the atom. [1]

More information

Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions

Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are

More information

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. - As words: hydrogen plus oxygen combine to form water - As a chemical

More information

Exam Style Questions

Exam Style Questions Calderglen High School Chemistry Department CfE Higher Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes and Structure Exam Style Questions 1 1.1 Controlling the Rate 1. The graph shows how the rate of a reaction varies

More information

2 Bonding and structure Answers to Exam practice questions

2 Bonding and structure Answers to Exam practice questions Pages 77 80 Exam practice questions 1 a) Bonding between atoms in a metal is the result of electrostatic attractions between positive metal ions in a lattice and delocalised electrons in the outer shell

More information

084f39de - Page 1. Name: 1) An example of a binary compound is A) potassium chlorate B) potassium chloride C) ammonium chloride D) ammonium chlorate

084f39de - Page 1. Name: 1) An example of a binary compound is A) potassium chlorate B) potassium chloride C) ammonium chloride D) ammonium chlorate Name: 1) An example of a binary compound is A) potassium chlorate B) potassium chloride C) ammonium chloride D) ammonium chlorate 2) What is the chemical formula for nitrogen (I) oxide? NO 3) What is the

More information

Test 5: Periodic Table, Ionic, and Molecular Compounds

Test 5: Periodic Table, Ionic, and Molecular Compounds Name: - Grade/Group: Subject: Chemistry-7 Teacher: Mrs. Raj Date: Test 5: Periodic Table, Ionic, and Molecular Compounds Directions: Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement

More information

HL Topics 3 and 13 : Periodicity (2)

HL Topics 3 and 13 : Periodicity (2) HL Topics 3 and 13 : Periodicity (2) For each question choose the answer you consider to be the best. 1. An element is in period 3 and group 5 of the periodic table. How many electrons are present in the

More information

DAV CENTENARY PUBLIC SCHOOL, PASCHIM ENCLAVE, NEW DELHI - 87

DAV CENTENARY PUBLIC SCHOOL, PASCHIM ENCLAVE, NEW DELHI - 87 S BLOCK AND P BLOCK ELEMENTS REASONING 1. Explain why is sodium less reactive than potassium? Ionization energy of K < Na i.e. the outermost electron in potassium can be lost easily as compared to sodium

More information

Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations

Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations Intro to Reactions/ Balancing Equations Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions involve change. Evidence of a chemical reaction could include the following Evolution of heat, light, and/or sound Production

More information

Chemistry 20 Lesson 36 The Whole Enchilada

Chemistry 20 Lesson 36 The Whole Enchilada Unit I: Science 10 Review Chemistry 20 Lesson 36 The Whole Enchilada 1. Classify the substances as ionic (i), molecular (m), or acid (a) and provide the IUPAC name and the state of matter at SATP where

More information

5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) BASIC TECHNIQUES 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) BASIC TECHNIQUES

5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) BASIC TECHNIQUES 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) BASIC TECHNIQUES 5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) BASIC TECHNIQUES 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) BASIC TECHNIQUES LEARNING OUTCOMES a) Be able to write formulae of simple compounds b) Be able to write

More information

Unit 4. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Unit 4. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Unit 4 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 39. Changing a subscript in a correctly written chemical formula a. changes the number of moles represented

More information

IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice

IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice IB Topics 4 & 14 Multiple Choice Practice 1. Which compound has the shortest C N bond? CH 3NH 2 (CH 3) 3CNH 2 CH 3CN CH 3CHNH 2. Which of the following series shows increasing hydrogen bonding with water?

More information

2. Match a formula in the right column with its appropriate name in the left column.

2. Match a formula in the right column with its appropriate name in the left column. UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS Content: Unit 3 Chemical bonding. Chemical compounds 3.1. Chemical bonding 3.2. Chemical compounds 3.2.1. Oxides 3.2.2. Hydroxides 3.2.3. Hydrides 3.2.4. Binary

More information

Chemistry Assessment Unit AS 1

Chemistry Assessment Unit AS 1 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education January 2008 Chemistry Assessment Unit AS 1 assessing Module 1: General Chemistry ASC11 [ASC11] THURSDAY 17 JANUARY,

More information

Balancing Equations Notes

Balancing Equations Notes . Unit 9 Chemical Equations and Reactions What is a Chemical Equation? A Chemical Equation is a written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction. A chemical equation is written

More information

Atomic Theory and Periodic Trends Practice AP Chemistry Questions

Atomic Theory and Periodic Trends Practice AP Chemistry Questions AP Chemistry/1516 Atomic Theory and Periodic Trends Practice AP Chemistry Questions 1. 2007 B, question #2 Answer the following problems about gases. (b) A major line in the emission spectrum of neon corresponds

More information

BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN S V M PUBLIC SCHOOL, VADODARA QUESTION BANK CHAPTER 5 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS

BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN S V M PUBLIC SCHOOL, VADODARA QUESTION BANK CHAPTER 5 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN S V M PUBLIC SCHOOL, VADODARA QUESTION BANK CHAPTER 5 PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS Very short answer type questions 1 mark each Q1 : Why do we need to classify elements? Q2

More information

A1 Models of the atom. A2 Size of the atom

A1 Models of the atom. A2 Size of the atom A1 Models of the atom 1. Describe the improvements to our understanding of the atom from each of the following scientists: 1.1. Democritus 1.2. Dalton 1.3. Thomson 1.4. Rutherford 1.5. Bohr 1.6. Chadwick

More information

*ac112* Chemistry. Assessment Unit AS 1 [AC112] WEDNESDAY 10 JUNE, AFTERNOON. assessing Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

*ac112* Chemistry. Assessment Unit AS 1 [AC112] WEDNESDAY 10 JUNE, AFTERNOON. assessing Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Centre Number ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY (AS) General Certificate of Education 2015 Chemistry Candidate Number Assessment Unit AS 1 assessing Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry [AC112] WEDNESDAY

More information

Bonding Review Questions

Bonding Review Questions Name: Date: 1. As an Na atom forms an Na 2+ ion, the number of protons in its nucleus 4. Atoms of which of the following elements have the strongest attraction for electrons? A. decreases B. increases

More information

Ionic or Covalent: Track Those Electrons

Ionic or Covalent: Track Those Electrons Electrons Goal Use rings and diagrams to model the formation of ionic compounds and covalent compounds. What to Do Use a blank piece of paper and rings to model electron transfers and electron sharing,

More information

Ch. 8 Chemical Reactions

Ch. 8 Chemical Reactions Ch. 8 Chemical Reactions Intro to Reactions I II III IV V Signs of a Chemical Reaction Evolution of heat and light Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Law of Conservation of Mass

More information

Gas Laws. Bonding. Solutions M= moles solute Mass %= mass solute x 100. Acids and Bases. Thermochemistry q = mc T

Gas Laws. Bonding. Solutions M= moles solute Mass %= mass solute x 100. Acids and Bases. Thermochemistry q = mc T Name Period Teacher Practice Test: OTHS Academic Chemistry Spring Semester 2017 The exam will have 100 multiple choice questions (1 point each) Formula sheet (see below) and Periodic table will be provided

More information

Unit 7. Bonds and Naming

Unit 7. Bonds and Naming Unit 7 Bonds and Naming I. Ionic Bonds Positive ion is attracted to a negative ion; usually a metal & a nonmetal Ionic compound: a substance that has ionic bonds Cation: positive ion Anion: negative ion

More information

Q1. Methane and oxygen react together to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Q1. Methane and oxygen react together to produce carbon dioxide and water. Chemistry C3 Higher Questions Part 2 Q1. Methane and oxygen react together to produce carbon dioxide and water. The methane gas will not burn in oxygen until a flame is applied, but once lit it continues

More information

MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT CHEMISTRY PART-A

MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT CHEMISTRY PART-A MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT CHEMISTRY Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 70 INSTRUCTIONS: i) The question paper has five parts A.B.C.D and E. All the parts are compulsory. Write balanced chemical

More information

9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS 9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS Work directly from Zumdahl (Chapter 4). Work through exercises as required, then summarise the essentials of the section when complete. To understand the

More information

Unit Review : Chemistry

Unit Review : Chemistry SNC2DE_09-10 Unit Review : Chemistry 1. A gas can be proved to be oxygen by means of: (a) a burning splint, which causes a small explosion or "pop"; (b) a glowing splint, which bursts into flame; (c) a

More information

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS 18 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE P-BLOCK ELEMENTS The p-block of the periodic table consists of the elements of groups 13,14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. These elements are characterised by the filling up of electrons

More information