YOU ONLY NEED TO PRINT OUT PAGES Biochemistry II Test

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1 YOU ONLY NEED TO PRINT OUT PAGES Biochemistry II Test 1. Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on 1) facts. 2) testing explanations. 3) observations. 4) theories. 2. Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called 1) inferences. 2) variables. 3) hypotheses. 4) data. 3. A scientific hypothesis 1) can be based on personal beliefs or opinions. 2) can be tested by experiments or observations. 3) does not have to be tested to be accepted as correct. 4) is a proven fact with much evidence to support it. 4. During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests 1) a conclusion. 2) a mass of information. 3) a control group. 4) a single variable. 5. A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is 1) a hypothesis. 2) an inference. 3) a theory. 4) a controlled experiment. 6. What are the smallest objects that biologists study? 1) cells 2) body organs 3) molecules 4) organisms 7. How many meters are in 2.4 km? 1) 240 2) 2,400 3) 24,000 4) 240, The three particles that make up atoms are 1) protons, neutrons, and isotopes. 2) neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. 3) positives, negatives, and neutrals. 4) protons, neutrons, and electrons.

2 9. What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom? 1) protons 2) electrons 3) neutrons 4) ions 10. If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number is 1) 3. 2) 4. 3) 7. 4) Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number of 1) electrons. 2) molecules. 3) neutrons. 4) ions. 12. A covalent bond is formed as the result of 1) transferring electrons. 2) sharing electrons. 3) transferring protons. 4) sharing protons. Figure Which property of water causes the curved surface shown in Figure 2 1? 1) ph 2) cohesion 3) adhesion 4) heat capacity

3 14. In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is 1) slightly negative. 2) very negative. 3) slightly positive. 4) very positive. 15. Why is carbon so special compared to other elements? 1) Carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures. 2) Carbon atoms have four valence electrons and can form quadruple bonds. 3) Only carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with oxygen and hydrogen. 4) Only carbon atoms can be dissolved in water solutions and suspensions. 16. Amino acid is to protein as 1) fat is to lipid. 2) DNA is to RNA. 3) sugar is to fat. 4) simple sugar is to starch. 17. Which of the following is NOT a monomer? 1) a glucose molecule 2) an amino acid 3) a nucleotide 4) a protein 18. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? 1) store and transmit genetic information 2) help to fight disease 3) control the rate of reactions 4) move substances into or out of cells 19. Which statement is true about macromolecules? 1) Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. 2) Glycerol is made of fatty acids. 3) Proteins are made of amino acids. 4) Nucleotides are made of nucleic acids. 20. When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is 1) a product. 2) a reactant. 3) an enzyme. 4) a catalyst. 21. Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction, CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3. 1) CO 2, H 2 O, and H 2 CO 3 2) CO 2 and H 2 O 3) H 2 CO 3 4) CO What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals? 1) cohesion 2) hydrogen bonding 3) chemical reaction 4) dissolving

4 23. The energy needed to get a reaction started is the 1) adhesion energy. 2) activation energy. 3) cohesion energy. 4) chemical energy. 24. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? 1) Enzymes work best at a specified ph. 2) All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates. 3) Enzymes are proteins. 4) The shape of an enzyme allows it to do its job. 25. A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called 1) a catalyst. 2) a lipid. 3) a molecule. 4) an element. 26. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the 1) products of the reaction. 2) speed of the reaction. 3) temperature of the reaction. 4) ph of the reaction. 27. What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? 1) the centrifuge 2) the particle accelerator 3) the ultraviolet light 4) the microscope 28. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory? 1) Cells are the basic units of life. 2) All living things are made of cells. 3) Very few cells are able to reproduce. 4) All cells are produced from existing cells. 29. Which type of microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell s surface? 1) transmission electron microscope 2) scanning electron microscope 3) simple light microscope 4) compound light microscope 30. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? 1) The cell lacks cytoplasm. 2) The cell lacks a cell membrane. 3) The cell lacks a nucleus. 4) The cell lacks genetic material. 31. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes? 1) plants 2) animals 3) bacteria 4) Fungi

5 32. Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7 1? 1) The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. 2) The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus. 3) The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus. 4) The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus. 33. Which of the following statements about the nucleus is NOT true? 1) The nucleus stores the coded instructions for making the cell s proteins. 2) The nucleus usually contains a nucleolus region which is where ribosome assembly begins. 3) The nucleus is the site of protein assembly. 4) The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that lets materials in and out. 34. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful? 1) Golgi apparatus 2) lysosome 3) endoplasmic reticulum 4) Mitochondrion 35. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7 2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates? 1) structure A 2) structure B 3) structure C 4) structure D

6 36. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus? 1) Golgi apparatus 2) mitochondrion 3) vacuole 4) ribosome 37. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7 3 above modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or release from the cell? 1) structure A 2) structure B 3) structure C 4) structure D 38. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use? 1) chloroplast 2) Golgi apparatus 3) endoplasmic reticulum 4) mitochondrion 39. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells? 1) mitochondrion 2) ribosome 3) chloroplast 4) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 40. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is 1) found in all organisms. 2) composed of a lipid bilayer. 3) selectively permeable. 4) a rigid structure. 41. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms? 1) plants 2) animals 3) fungi 4) bacteria

7 42. Which of the following structures serves as the cell s boundary from its environment? 1) mitochondrion 2) cell membrane 3) chloroplast 4) channel protein 43. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane? 1) breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods 2) stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates 3) keeps the cell wall in place 4) regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell 44. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of? 1) carbohydrates 2) lipids 3) bilipids 4) proteins 45. Diffusion occurs because 1) molecules are attracted to one another. 2) molecules constantly move and collide with each other. 3) cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other. 4) cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane. 46. During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will 1) move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. 2) stop moving across the membrane. 3) continue to move across the membrane in both directions. 4) move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. 47. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called 1) osmotic pressure. 2) osmosis. 3) pinocytosis. 4) active transport. 48. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes 1) water to move into the cell. 2) water to move out of the cell. 3) solutes to move into the cell. 4) solutes to move out of the cell.

8 49. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7 4 above? 1) diffusion 2) osmosis 3) facilitated diffusion 4) active transport 50. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7 5 above? 1) endocytosis 2) exocytosis 3) facilitated diffusion 4) protein pump 51. Which of the following activities is NOT a way that unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis? 1) reproduction 2) growth 3) cell specialization 4) response to the environment

9 52. Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? 1) cell specialization 2) homeostasis 3) organ system 4) unicellularity 53. The cells of unicellular organisms are 1) specialized to perform different tasks. 2) larger than those of multicellular organisms. 3) able to carry out all of the functions necessary for life. 4) unable to respond to changes in their environment. 54. Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? 1) cell, tissue, organ system, organ 2) organ system, organ, tissue, cell 3) tissue, organ, organ system, cell 4) cell, tissue, organ, organ system 55. Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to 1) being preserved as fossils. 2) providing humans with food. 3) surviving in the environments in which they lived. 4) swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands. 56. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the 1) similarities of the birds embryos. 2) birds different-shaped beaks. 3) length of the birds necks. 4) number of eggs in each bird s nest. 57. Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 1) artificial selection 2) adaptation 3) acquired characteristics 4) tendency towards perfection 58. James Hutton s and Charles Lyell s work was important to Darwin because these scientists 1) explained volcanoes and earthquakes. 2) explained all geologic events on Earth. 3) suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred. 4) refuted the work of Lamarck, which was based on misunderstandings. 59. Which is a major concept included in Lamarck s evolutionary hypothesis? 1) Change is the result of survival of the fittest. 2) Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism. 3) A small population size decreases the rate of evolution. 4) Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.

10 60. Darwin realized that the economist Malthus s theory of population control 1) applied only to humans. 2) could be generalized to any population of organisms. 3) could be generalized only when populations lived in crowded conditions. 4) explained why the number of deaths exceeded that of births. 61. When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is 1) natural selection. 2) artificial selection. 3) artificial variation. 4) survival of the fittest. 62. Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT 1) more offspring are born than can survive. 2) population size is very large. 3) fitness varies among individuals. 4) there is heritable variation among members of the population. 63. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 1) diversity. 2) fitness. 3) adaptation. 4) evolution. 64. Charles Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how 1) species can become extinct. 2) inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring. 3) species descend from common ancestors. 4) evolution takes place in the natural world. 65. Biogeography is the study of 1) where species and their ancestors live. 2) how extinct species can be related to living species. 3) how different species can interbreed. 4) how animals that live in the same area are closely related. 66. Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates 1) share a common ancestor with sea stars. 2) evolved from sea stars. 3) evolved before sea stars. 4) belong to the same species as sea stars. 67. Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of 1) homologous structures. 2) analogous structures. 3) Hox genes. 4) intermediate fossil forms. 68. To be useful, a scientific name has to refer to 1) all living species. 2) all living and extinct species. 3) all species in one habitat. 4) a single species.

11 69. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized? 1) the genus name only 2) the species name only 3) both the genus and species names 4) neither the genus nor species names 70. Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same 1) class. 2) family. 3) genus. 4) species. 71. The second part of a scientific name is unique to each 1) order in its class. 2) family in its order. 3) genus in its family. 4) species in its genus. 72. Each node on a cladogram represents 1) the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor. 2) the point at which one or more species became extinct. 3) the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade. 4) the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic. 73. Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of 1) binomial nomenclature. 2) mutations. 3) common ancestry. 4) different anatomy. 74. What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships? 1) nuclei and cytoplasm 2) nuclei and vacuoles 3) nuclei and mitochondria 4) nuclei and microfilaments 75. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin? 1) Protista 2) Fungi 3) Plantae 4) Animalia 76. The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is 1) Eubacteria. 2) Eukarya. 3) Archaea. 4) Bacteria. 77. Electron microscopes can reveal details 1) only in specimens that are still alive. 2) about the different colors of cell structures. 3) of cell structures only once they are stained. 4) 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.

12 78. The process by which fatty acid molecules and glycerol are joined to form a fat is called 1) hydrolysis 2) synthesis 3) photosynthesis 4) oxidation 79. Which could not be a compound from which a protein could be directly formed? 1) oil 2) amino acid 3) dipeptide 4) polypeptide 80. Which group of organic compounds includes the enzymes? 1) proteins 2) starches 3) carbohydrates 4) lipids 81. Which food substance is most likely to contain the element nitrogen? 1) meat 2) vinegar 3) pure corn oil 4) table sugar 82. Which is a building block used in the formation of carbohydrates? 1) glycerol 2) monosaccharide 3) amino acid 4) dipeptide 83. The breaking of a peptide bonds in splitting a dipeptide apart is accompanied by the 1) release of oxygen 2) addition of water 3) addition of hydrogen 4) release of water 84. Lipids are formed by a chemical reaction between 1) two glucose molecules 2) a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids 3) two amino acid molecules 4) DNA & RNA 85. A hydrolysis reaction occurs when 1) two simpler molecules are combined and water is split out in the reaction 2) a complex molecule is split into simpler molecules by the addition of water 3) one element is exchanged for another in a compound 4) fats are formed from smaller organic molecules 86. Disaccharides are formed by a chemical reaction between 1) two amino acid molecules 2) two glucose molecules 3) a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids 4) DNA & RNA 87. A polypeptide is an example of a(n) 1) protein 2) carbohydrate 3) lipid 4) nucleic acid 88. A common characteristic of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids is that they 1) have hydrogen and oxygen atoms present in a two to one ratio 2) use dehydration synthesis to combine their basic building blocks 3) are used as organic catalysts in biochemical reactions 4) use monosaccharides as their basic building units 89. The complete hydrolysis of carbohydrates usually results in the production of 1) carbon dioxide 2) simple sugars 3) glycogen 4) urea 90. Which substances are commonly used as the building blocks in the synthesis of some proteins? 1) sugars 2) amino acids 3) fatty acids and glycerol 4) amino acids and glycerols

13 Use the choices below to answer 91 through 95. CHOICES MAY BE USED ONCE, MORE THAN ONCE, OR NOT AT ALL 1) Glycerol 2) Fatty Acid 3) Amino Acid 4) lipid 5) Glucose 91. This is a building block of a protein 92. This is a building block of a disaccharide 93. Three of these are needed to join in aiding with the formation of a lipid. 94. In addition to the compound in # 93, this compound is also needed to form a lipid. 95. This compound contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2: Protein has a great potential for variation of structure because 1) many amino acids may combine in a number of ways 2) different amino acids occur in pairs 3) fatty acids may vary 4) nucleotides may vary 97. Water is produced as a waste product of the process of 1) protein ingestion 2) synthesis 3) hydrolysis 4) carbohydrate digestion 98. Which compound has a chemical composition most closely related to maltose? 1) starch 2) ATP 3) protein 4) RNA 99. Which pair of compounds could be classified as inorganic? 1) nucleic acids and minerals 2) water and salt 3) proteins and carbohydrates 4) proteins and water 100. Cellulose is formed from glucose molecules by a process known as 1) hydrolysis 2) cellular respiration 3) synthesis 4) photosynthesis SHORT ANSWERS ARE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES. YOU ONLY NEED TO PRINT OUT PAGES 14-17

14 Name Date Class Biochem II Test Fill in the missing portion of the chart below Organelle Fxn Site of aerobic respiration Packages, modifies and sorts macromolecules Transports materials within the cell Contains hydrolytic enzymes to digest food, foreign materials and break down old/worn out cell organelles. Vacuole Ribosome Chloroplast Nucleus Selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer which controls what enters/exits the cell Cell wall Fill in the following labels for the plant cell to the right. Do not identify all organelles, only those with corresponding blanks to the left. Please print clearly. A. E. G. I. J. K. L. N.

15 Fill in the missing portion of the chart below Particle Charge Location + NEUTRON Orbits LABEL THE DIAGRAM BELOW (6 parts of graph + 2 axes = 8 total labels)

16 Fill in the missing portion of the chart below Organic Compound Basic Unit of Structure (written AND drawn) One Possible Function Examples Regulation, growth, and repair in the body. Assists in chemical reactions. Hemoglobin Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Fats, waxes 3 fatty acids & glycerol Nucleic Acids Contains hereditary information

17 Comparing/contrasting DNA & RNA DNA RNA Nitrogenous bases 5-C Sugar (Pentose) # of Strands Label the following microscope

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