Winter Break Packet Absence makes the mind go blank. You will thank me for this later.
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1 Name Date Period Winter Break Packet Absence makes the mind go blank. You will thank me for this later. 1. Describe a physical property. Give three examples of physical properties. 2. Describe a chemical property. Give three examples of chemical properties. 3. Make a time line about the atomic theory. Start with Democritus and end with James Chadwick. Include the important discoveries made by these important people. 4. What is a mixture? Can it be physically or chemically separated? What is a compound? Can it be physically or chemically separated? Give examples of a mixture is.. 5. What is an isotope? Give the isotopes of hydrogen. Identify the atomic number, the mass number using the shorthand method to write an isotope. 6. What is heterogenous and a homogenous mixture? Give three examples of homogeneous and heterogenous mixtures. 7. Make the graphic organizer that shows what matter is it should be in your notes. 8. What is a pure substance? Give three examples of pure substances. 9. In a metallic bond, what makes it possible? 10. Draw a picture of an atom. Show where electrons, neutrons, and protons are found. Label the diagram. 11. Find the density of the following: A rock has a mass of 2.5 g and has a volume of 0.12 cm 3, what is its density? Will it float or sink in water? A substance has a density of 200 kg/ml. Will the substance float if the density of water is 1.0 g/ml?
2 12. How many significant figures in the following: a cm b. 500 km c. 5.0 x 10-4 mm L 13. Ionic bonds are composed of ( atoms that lose electrons) and (atoms that gain electrtons) 14. What is filtration, condensation, and distillation. When would you use each? 15. How many valence electrons does H have, Ca, B, Si, O,? How many electrons do these elements gain or lose to become stable? 16. What is the frequency of a wave if it has an energy of 2.2 x 10-19J? 17. How much energy does a wave have that has a frequency of 2.5 x 10 6 Hz? 18. How do you calculate the volume of a substance? If a substance has a l-1.5 cm, w-2.3 cm, h-5.6 cm, what is its volume? 19. What is an extensive property, and intensive property? Give examples of each. 20. List the colors of the electromagnetic spectrum form the highest wavelength to the highest wavelength. 21. What is a quanta? 22. Write the electron configuration, noble gas configuration and orbital configuration for Ne, Ca, Cl, Sr, I. 23. What are representative elements? 24. What are noble gases? Ionic bonds form between and non-metals. These bonds have an electronegativity difference of to. Non-polar Covalent bonds form between 2 or more. These bonds have an electronegativity difference of to. Polar Covalent bonds form between two non-metals with and electronegativity difference of to.
3 Directions: Determine whether the following bonds are ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent. 1. K Br 2. C O 3. Na O 4. C H 5. Br Br 6. O H 7. Cs Cl 8. H F 9. Fe O 10. S H Drawing Lewis Dot Diagrams Atoms 1. Al O F Na Ca Sr 2. Three elements have electron configurations of 2 2 a) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 b) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 1 c) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5
4 Arrange these atoms in order of increasing electronegativity. 3. Arrange the following atoms in order of decreasing electronegativity. O, B, Na 4. Use a periodic table to determine if the following pairs of atoms produce ionic or covalent bonds. NaI, CaI Answer the following Questions 1.The 3 particles of the atom are: a. b. c. Their respective charges are: a. b. c. 2. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom s,and the number of electrons determines of and element. 3.The atomic number tells you the number of in one atom of an element. It also tells you the number of in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives the identity of an element as well as its location on the Periodic Table. No two different elements will have the number. atomic 4. The of an element is the average mass of an element s naturally occurring atom, or isotopes, taking into account the of each isotope. 5. The of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the of the atom. 6.The mass number is used to calculate the number of in one atom of an element. In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the from the.
5 Symbol Atomic Mass of Protons of Electrons of Neutrons 23 Na K F I Work the following examples show all work g kg days seconds 3. 9,474 mm cm kl L Directions: Answer each of the following questions. You need not use complete sentences. 1. Who first published the classification of the elements that is the basis of our periodic table today? 2. By what property did Mendeleev arrange the elements? 3. By what property did Moseley suggest that the periodic table be arranged? 4. What is the periodic law? 5. What is a period? How many are there in the periodic table? 6. What is a group (also called a family)? How many are there in the periodic table?
6 7. State the number of valence electrons in an atom of: a. sulfur b. calcium c. chlorine d. arsenic 8. Give the names and chemical symbols for the elements that correspond to these atomic numbers: a. 10 b. 18 c. 36 d List, by number, both the period and group of each of these elements. Symbol Period Group a. beryllium Be b. iron Fe c. lead Pb 10. Which of the following pairs of elements belong to the same period? a. Na and Cl b. Na and Li c. Na and Cu d. Na and Ne 11. Which of the following pairs of elements belong to the same group? a. H and He b. Li and Be c. C and Pb d. Ga and Ge 12. How does an element s period number relate to the number of the energy level of its valence electrons? 13. What are the transition elements? 14. In what type of orbitals are the actinide and lanthanide electrons found? 15. Would you expect strontium to be, chemically, more similar to calcium or rubidium and WHY? 16. What is the heaviest noble gas? What is the heaviest alkaline earth metal? 17. In going from top to bottom of any group, each element has more occupied energy level(s) than the element above it. 18. What are the Group 1 elements called? 19. What are the Group 2 elements called? 20. What are the Group 17 elements called?
7 21. What are the Group 18 elements called? 22. What is the name given to the group of elements that have the following valence shell electron configurations? a. s 2 b. s 2 p 6 c. s 2 p 5 d. s List the three lightest members of the noble gases. 24. List all of the alkali metals. 25. Which alkali metal belongs to the sixth period? 26. Which halogen belongs to the fourth period? 27. What element is in the fifth period and the eleventh group? 28. Why do all the members of a group have similar properties? Average Atomic Mass show all work. 29. What is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have a mass of 176, 19 have a mass of 177, 27 have a mass of 178, 14 have a mass of 179, and 35 have a mass of 180.0? 30. Iodine is 80% 127 I, 17% 126 I, and 3% 128 I. Calculate the average atomic mass of iodine. Have a great Holiday.
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