Chapter 10 States of Matter

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 10 States of Matter"

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 States of Matter 1

2 Section 10.1 The Nature of Gases Objectives: Describe the assumptions of the kinetic theory as it applies to gases. Interpret gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory. Define the relationship between Kelvin temperature and average kinetic energy. 2

3 Kinetic Theory The word kinetic refers to motion The energy an object has because of it s motion is called kinetic energy The kinetic theory states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion! 3

4 Kinetic Theory & Gases Three basic assumptions of the kinetic theory as it applies to gases: Assumption #1: Gas is composed of particlesusually molecules or atoms Behave as small, hard spheres Each particle has insignificant volume; Relatively far apart from each other (when compared to solids or liquids) No attraction or repulsion between particles (particles are more free to move around than in a liquid) *Remember our discussion of intermolecular forces! 4

5 Kinetic Theory & Gases Assumption #2: Particles in a gas move rapidly in constant random motion Move in straight paths, changing direction only when colliding with one another or other objects Average speed of O 2 in air at 20 o C is an amazing 1700 km/h! 5

6 Kinetic Theory & Gases Assumption #3: All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly elastic When large objects (like cars) collide some of the kinetic energy is changed into other forms of energy (such as heat from friction) Before After E Car1 = 10 E Car2 = 10 E car1 + E Car2 = 20 E Car1 + E Car2 = 15 + thermal energy (heat) = 5 6

7 Kinetic Theory & Gases When microscopic particles (like gas particles) collide kinetic energy is transferred from one particle to another- the total kinetic energy remains constant Before After E atom = 10 E atom = 10 E atom + E atom = 20 E atom + E atom = 20 When gas particles collide, no energy is lost we call this a perfectly elastic collision 7

8 Gas Pressure Gas Pressure is defined as the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object 8

9 Gas Pressure Gas exerts pressure because moving particles exert a force when they collide The greater that force, the greater the pressure Less collisions More collisions The greater the number of collisions, the greater the pressure No particles present? Then there cannot be any collisions, and thus no pressure called a vacuum Vacuum 9

10 Measuring Gas Pressure The SI unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa) Older units of pressure: millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and atmospheres (atm) Atmospheric pressure: pressure exerted on objects due to the gas particles in the atmosphere. Results from the collisions of air molecules with objects Decreases as you climb a mountain because the air thins as elevation increases air density decreases 10

11 Standard Temperature and Pressure For gases, it is important to relate measured values to a standard. This gives us a frame of reference. Standard conditions are defined as a temperature of 0 o C and a pressure of kpa, or 1 atm TABLE A This is called Standard Temperature and Pressure, or STP 11

12 Section 10.2 The Nature of Liquids Objectives: Identify factors that determine physical properties of a liquid. Define evaporation in terms of kinetic energy. Describe the equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor. Identify the conditions at which boiling occurs. 12

13 The Nature of Liquids Liquid particles are also in motion. Liquid particles are free to slide past one another Gases and liquids can both FLOW However, liquid particles are attracted to each other, whereas gases are not Intermolecular attractions reduce the amount of space between particles of a liquid Thus, liquids are more dense than gases Increasing pressure on liquids has hardly any effect on it s volume 13

14 KE of Liquid Particles Particles of a liquid spin and vibrate while they move, thus contributing to their average kinetic energy But, most of the particles do not have enough energy to escape into the gaseous state they have to overcome their intermolecular attractions with other particles to be a gas Remember Water & its Hydrogen bonds! 14

15 Phase Changes (Liquid - Gas) The conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor is called vaporization Let s look at two situations involving vaporization: 1. Vaporization of liquid that is NOT boiling 2. Vaporization of a liquid that IS boiling 15

16 1. Evaporation If vaporization occurs in a liquid that is not boiling, the process is called evaporation Evaporation occurs at the surface of the liquid Some of the particles have more kinetic energy (KE) than others. The particles with enough KE to overcome intermolecular forces break away and enter the gas or vapor state 16

17 Effect of Liquid Temperature on Evaporation When you raise a liquid s temperature by adding heat, you are increasing the average kinetic energy of the particles. A higher average kinetic energy means more particles are likely to have enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces between particles. So, liquids with higher temperatures will evaporate faster. 17

18 Effect of Evaporation on Liquid Temperature Particles left behind in liquid are the ones with lower average kinetic energies; they didn t have enough energy to escape Liquid left behind after evaporation is lower in temperature, b/c particles with highest energy left the system 18

19 Evaporation: A Cooling Process Evaporation is often called a cooling process. On a hot day we sweat. Explain how evaporation plays a role in helping to cool our skin. Body heat is transferred to liquid sweat. As sweat evaporates, high energy particles escape into air. Particles left behind have lower average kinetic energy. Lower kinetic energy on skin lower temperature. Why would this be less effective on a humid day? Diffusion: high concentration low concentration 19

20 What if the liquid is in a closed container? When some particles do vaporize, these collide with the walls of the container producing vapor pressure Some of the particles will return to the liquid, or condense After a while, the number of particles evaporating will equal the number condensing- the space above the liquid is now saturated with vapor A dynamic equilibrium exists Rate of evaporation = rate of condensation Increasing the temperature increases the KE of the particles increases the vapor pressure TABLE H 20

21 2. Vaporization of a Boiling Liquid We now know the rate of evaporation from an open container increases as heat is added The heating allows larger numbers of particles at the liquid s surface to overcome the attractive forces Heating allows the average kinetic energy of all particles to increase But what is happening when enough heat is added to make the liquid boil? 21

22 Boiling a Liquid The temperature at which a liquid will boil is called its boiling point (bp). When we boil a liquid we add enough heat for particles beneath the surface to have enough energy to overcome their attractive forces. When gas forms below the surface a bubble forms. Below the boiling point atmospheric pressure is greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid, this prevents bubbles from forming. At boiling temperature the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid (atmospheric pressure in an open container) 22

23 Boiling: A Cooling Process Our experiences with boiling are usually related to cooking and involve a continuous source of heat intended to maintain a boiling temperature. So, although we don t think of it as one, boiling is a cooling process just as evaporation is Those particles with highest KE escape first Turning down the source of external heat drops the liquid s temperature below the boiling point Supplying more heat allows particles to acquire enough KE to escape- the temperature does not go above the boiling point, the liquid only boils at a faster rate 23

24 Effect of Pressure on Boiling Point Since the boiling point is where the vapor pressure equals external pressure, the bp changes if the external pressure changes Normal boiling point- is defined as the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of kpa (or standard pressure) What if atmospheric pressure drops? 24

25 Effect of Pressure on Boiling Point Montrose: Normal bp of water = 100 o C Denver: Normal bp of water = 95 o C, Denver is 1600 m above sea level and average atmospheric pressure is about 85.3 kpa How pressure cookers work: Sealed container allows pressure to increase beyond atmospheric pressure Higher pressure higher boiling point Temperature rises above 100 o C b/c boiling point is above 100 o C 25

26 Section 10.3 The Nature of Solids Objectives: Evaluate how the way particles are organized explains the properties of solids. Identify the factors that determine the shape of a crystal. Explain how allotropes of an element are different. 26

27 The Nature of Solids Most solids have particles packed against one another in a highly organized pattern Tend to be dense and incompressible Do not flow, nor take the shape of their container Are still able to move, unless they would reach absolute zero Images from 27

28 Movement of Particles in a Solids Particles in a solid are not free to move around the way particles in a liquid are Solid particles tend to vibrate about fixed points, rather than sliding from place to place 28

29 Heating Solids We said particles in a solid vibrate. When a solid is heated, kinetic energy of the particles increases. More kinetic energy means the particles vibrate more rapidly and more vigorously As a result, solids tend to expand when heated 29

30 Melting Solids If enough heat is added to a solid and the kinetic energy becomes high enough a solid will melt. The melting point (mp) is the temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid At the melting point, the particle vibrations are strong enough to overcome the interactions holding them in a fixed position Melting can be reversed by cooling the liquid so it freezes Solid liquid 30

31 Melting Points of Solids (REMINDER!) Ionic Compounds: Generally, have high melting points, due to the relatively strong forces holding them together Sodium chloride (an ionic compound) has a melting point = 801 o C Molecular Compounds: Generally, have relatively low melting points Not all solids melt- wood and cane sugar tend to decompose when heated Decompose = chemical change, not reversible 31

32 Microscopic Structure of Solids When distinguishing b/w solid, liquid and gas, we often represent solids as a group of particles, tightly packed but in no particular order In reality, most solid substances are crystalline in structure In a crystal, the particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) are arranged in a orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice All crystals have a regular shape, which reflects their arrangement The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal is known as a unit cell 32

33 Carbon Solids Carbon is a good example of the significance the crystal structure plays in the compound characteristics. Diamond, Graphite, Buckminsterfullerene are three different substances formed from pure carbon. Differences in how the C atoms bond to each determine the crystal structure and the substance properties 33

34 Carbon Solids Allotropes are two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state Diamond, Graphite & Buckminsterfullerene are called allotropes of carbon, because all are made of pure carbon only, and all are solid Few elements have allotropes Phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen Boron and antimony 34

Chemistry Joke. Once you ve seen 6.02 x You ve seen a mole!

Chemistry Joke. Once you ve seen 6.02 x You ve seen a mole! States of Matter Chemistry Joke Once you ve seen 6.02 x 10 23 atoms You ve seen a mole! Kinetic Theory Kinetic Theory explains the states of matter based on the concept that the particles in all forms

More information

Chapter 13 - States of Matter. Section 13.1 The nature of Gases

Chapter 13 - States of Matter. Section 13.1 The nature of Gases Chapter 13 - States of Matter Section 13.1 The nature of Gases Kinetic energy and gases Kinetic energy: the energy an object has because of its motion Kinetic theory: all matter is made if particles in

More information

Chemistry States of Matter Lesson 9 Lesson Plan David V. Fansler

Chemistry States of Matter Lesson 9 Lesson Plan David V. Fansler Chemistry States of Matter Lesson 9 Lesson Plan David V. Fansler States of Matter The Nature of Gases Objectives: Describe the motion of gas particles according to the kinetic theory; Interpret gas pressure

More information

Name Date Class THE NATURE OF GASES

Name Date Class THE NATURE OF GASES 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES Section Review Objectives Describe the assumptions of the kinetic theory as it applies to gases Interpret gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory Define the relationship between

More information

Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT.

Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT. Chapter 11 THE NATURE OF GASES States of Matter Describe the motion of gas particles according to the kinetic theory Interpret gas pressure in terms of kinetic theory Key Terms: 1. kinetic energy 2. gas

More information

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages )

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages ) Name Date Class 13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains

More information

Chemistry Day 5. Friday, August 31 st Tuesday, September 4 th, 2018

Chemistry Day 5. Friday, August 31 st Tuesday, September 4 th, 2018 Chemistry Day 5 Friday, August 31 st Tuesday, September 4 th, 2018 Do-Now Title: BrainPOP: States of Matter 1. Write down today s FLT 2. List two examples of gases 3. List two examples of things that are

More information

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. Match the correct state of matter with each description of water by writing a letter on each line.

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. Match the correct state of matter with each description of water by writing a letter on each line. 10 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 10.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 267 272) This section describes how the kinetic theory applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains how temperature is related to the

More information

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER 13 STATES OF MATTER Chapter Test A A. Matching Match each description in Column B with the correct term in Column A. Write the letter of the correct description on the line. Column A Column B 1. amorphous

More information

CHAPTER 13. States of Matter. Kinetic = motion. Polar vs. Nonpolar. Gases. Hon Chem 13.notebook

CHAPTER 13. States of Matter. Kinetic = motion. Polar vs. Nonpolar. Gases. Hon Chem 13.notebook CHAPTER 13 States of Matter States that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. Kinetic = motion A gas is composed of particles, usually molecules or atoms, with negligible volume

More information

STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015. Solid. Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma

STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015. Solid. Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma Unit 10: States of Matter Lesson 10.1: States and Their Changes (Review) STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Matter Solid } Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle

More information

STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015

STATES OF MATTER STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Matter 3/5/2015 The Four States of Matter Unit 10: States of Matter Lesson 10.1: States and Their Changes (Review) Solid } Liquid Commonly found on Gas Earth Plasma Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of

More information

States of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases

States of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases 1 Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas Depends on only two things: What? Attractions Kinetic between particles vs Energy of particles 2 Intermolecular Forces (Molecular Attractions)

More information

CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER

CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER CHEM. Ch. 12 Notes ~ STATES OF MATTER NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 12.1 topics States of Matter: SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, PLASMA I. Kinetic Theory

More information

States of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases

States of Matter. Solids Liquids Gases States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases 1 Solid vs. Liquid vs. Gas Depends on only two things: What? Attractions Kinetic between particles vs Energy of particles 2 Intermolecular Forces (Molecular Attractions)

More information

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 12: States of Matter

CHEMISTRY Matter and Change. Chapter 12: States of Matter CHEMISTRY Matter and Change Chapter 12: States of Matter CHAPTER 12 States of Matter Section 12.1 Section 12.2 Section 12.3 Section 12.4 Gases Forces of Attraction Liquids and Solids Phase Changes Click

More information

The OTHER TWO states of matter

The OTHER TWO states of matter ` The OTHER TWO states of matter LIQUIDS A decrease in the average kinetic energy of gas particles causes the temperature to decrease. As it cools, the particles tend to move more slowly if they slow down

More information

Gases, Liquids and Solids

Gases, Liquids and Solids Chapter 5 Gases, Liquids and Solids The States of Matter Gases Pressure Forces between one molecule and another are called intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces hold molecules together and kinetic

More information

Chapter 10: States of Matter. Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding

Chapter 10: States of Matter. Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding Chapter 10: States of Matter Concept Base: Chapter 1: Properties of Matter Chapter 2: Density Chapter 6: Covalent and Ionic Bonding Pressure standard pressure the pressure exerted at sea level in dry air

More information

Chapter 10: States of Matter

Chapter 10: States of Matter CP Chemistry Mrs. Klingaman Chapter 10: States of Matter Name: Mods: Chapter 10: States of Matter Reading Guide 10.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter (pgs. 311-314) 1. The kinetic-molecular theory

More information

Thermal Physics. Temperature (Definition #1): a measure of the average random kinetic energy of all the particles of a system Units: o C, K

Thermal Physics. Temperature (Definition #1): a measure of the average random kinetic energy of all the particles of a system Units: o C, K Thermal Physics Internal Energy: total potential energy and random kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance Symbol: U Units: J Internal Kinetic Energy: arises from random translational, vibrational,

More information

Properties of Liquids and Solids

Properties of Liquids and Solids Properties of Liquids and Solids World of Chemistry Chapter 14 14.1 Intermolecular Forces Most substances made of small molecules are gases at normal temperature and pressure. ex: oxygen gas, O 2 ; nitrogen

More information

Ch Kinetic Theory. 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles.

Ch Kinetic Theory. 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. Ch. 15.1 Kinetic Theory 1.All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. Kinetic Theory 2.These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster the

More information

Chapter 10. Lesson Starter. Why did you not smell the odor of the vapor immediately? Explain this event in terms of the motion of molecules.

Chapter 10. Lesson Starter. Why did you not smell the odor of the vapor immediately? Explain this event in terms of the motion of molecules. Preview Lesson Starter Objectives The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases The Kinetic-Molecular Theory and the Nature of Gases Deviations of Real Gases from Ideal Behavior Section 1 The Kinetic-Molecular

More information

Activities for chapter 13: States of matter

Activities for chapter 13: States of matter Activities for chapter 13: States of matter What do I already know about states of matter? (index card) and Vocabulary table Chapter 13 reading guide (feb break assignment) and Powerpoints POGIL activities:

More information

Copyright 2015 Edmentum - All rights reserved. During which of the following phase changes is there a gain in energy? I.

Copyright 2015 Edmentum - All rights reserved. During which of the following phase changes is there a gain in energy? I. Study Island Copyright 2015 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 03/16/2015 Generated By: Kristina Brown 1. Examine the phase-change diagram below. During which of the following phase changes

More information

CHM Solids, Liquids, and Phase Changes (r15) Charles Taylor 1/9

CHM Solids, Liquids, and Phase Changes (r15) Charles Taylor 1/9 CHM 111 - Solids, Liquids, and Phase Changes (r15) - 2015 Charles Taylor 1/9 Introduction In CHM 110, we used kinetic theory to explain the behavior of gases. Now, we will discuss solids and liquids. While

More information

Unit 4: Gas Laws. Matter and Phase Changes

Unit 4: Gas Laws. Matter and Phase Changes Unit 4: Gas Laws Matter and Phase Changes ENERGY and matter What is 에너지 A fundamental property of the universe that cannot be easily defined. Energy No one knows what energy is, only what it does or has

More information

STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Ma/er. Four States. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

STATES OF MATTER. The Four States of Ma/er. Four States. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma STATES OF MATTER The Four States of Ma/er Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Four States STATES OF MATTER Ø What makes a substance a par:cular state of ma

More information

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline

Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Chem 1075 Chapter 13 Liquids and Solids Lecture Outline Slide 2-3 Properties of Liquids Unlike gases, liquids respond dramatically to temperature and pressure changes. We can study the liquid state and

More information

CHAPTER 10. States of Matter

CHAPTER 10. States of Matter CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,

More information

CHAPTER 10. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Five Assumptions of the KMT. Atmospheric Pressure

CHAPTER 10. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Five Assumptions of the KMT. Atmospheric Pressure Kinetic Molecular Theory CHAPTER 10 States of Matter Kinetikos - Moving Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Explains the behavior of Gases, Liquids,

More information

States of Matter Chapter 10 Assignment & Problem Set

States of Matter Chapter 10 Assignment & Problem Set States of Matter Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. States of Matter 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know Vocabulary (know the definition

More information

relatively narrow range of temperature and pressure.

relatively narrow range of temperature and pressure. 1) Of solids, liquids, and gases, the least common state of matter is the liquid state. a) Liquids can exist only within a relatively narrow range of temperature and pressure. 2) The kinetic-molecular

More information

Matter. Energy- which is a property of matter!! Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass

Matter. Energy- which is a property of matter!! Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass Matter Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass Can you think of anything that is not made of matter? Energy- which is a property of matter!! Matter is made up of moving particles! Instead of

More information

THE CORPUSCULAR NATURE OF MATTER AND ITS PHYSICAL STATES

THE CORPUSCULAR NATURE OF MATTER AND ITS PHYSICAL STATES THE CORPUSCULAR NATURE OF MATTER AND ITS PHYSICAL STATES In this unit we are going to study the matter from a microscopic point of view using the kinetic theory. We will understand the properties of the

More information

Physical Science Chapter 5 Cont3. Temperature & Heat

Physical Science Chapter 5 Cont3. Temperature & Heat Physical Science Chapter 5 Cont3 Temperature & Heat What are we going to study? Heat Transfer Phases of Matter The Kinetic Theory of Gases Thermodynamics Specific Heat (Capacity) Specific Heat Latent Heat

More information

Introduction Matter has three possible states: - Solid - Liquid - Gas. Chem101 - Lecture 6

Introduction Matter has three possible states: - Solid - Liquid - Gas. Chem101 - Lecture 6 Chem101 - Lecture 6 States of Matter Introduction Matter has three possible states: - Solid - Liquid - Gas We will investigate the differences in the physical properties exhibited by each of these states

More information

13.1 The Nature of Gases (refer to pg )

13.1 The Nature of Gases (refer to pg ) 13.1 The Nature of Gases (refer to pg. 420-424) Essential Understanding any other state of matter. Temperature and pressure affect gases much more than they affect Lesson Summary Kinetic Theory and a Model

More information

Chapter 23 Changes of Phase. Conceptual Physics Chapter 23 1

Chapter 23 Changes of Phase. Conceptual Physics Chapter 23 1 Chapter 23 Changes of Phase Conceptual Physics Chapter 23 1 Kinetic Theory Matter exists in three common states or phases solid, liquid and gas. A fourth state plasma makes up over 90% of our universe.

More information

Chapter 8. Chapter 8. Preview. Bellringer. Chapter 8. Particles of Matter. Objectives. Chapter 8. Particles of Matter, continued

Chapter 8. Chapter 8. Preview. Bellringer. Chapter 8. Particles of Matter. Objectives. Chapter 8. Particles of Matter, continued States of Matter Preview Bellringer Section 2 Behavior of Gases In the kitchen, you might find three different forms of water. What are these three forms of water, and where exactly in the kitchen would

More information

THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER

THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER States of Matter THE KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY OF MATTER Matter exists on earth in the forms of solids, liquids, and gases Although it is not usually possible to observe individual particles directly,

More information

CHAPTER 1 Matter in our Surroundings CONCEPT DETAILS

CHAPTER 1 Matter in our Surroundings CONCEPT DETAILS CHAPTER 1 Matter in our Surroundings CONCEPT DETAILS KEY CONCEPTS : [ *rating as per the significance of concept] 1. Particle nature of Matter *** 2. States of Matter **** 3. Interchange in states of Matter

More information

Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14

Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases. Chapter 13-14 Unit 8 Kinetic Theory of Gases Chapter 13-14 This tutorial is designed to help students understand scientific measurements. Objectives for this unit appear on the next slide. Each objective is linked to

More information

The Gas Laws. Learning about the special behavior of gases

The Gas Laws. Learning about the special behavior of gases The Gas Laws Learning about the special behavior of gases The States of Matter What are the 3 states of matter that chemists work with? Solids, liquids, and gases We will explain the behavior of gases

More information

Chemistry B11 Chapter 6 Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Chemistry B11 Chapter 6 Gases, Liquids, and Solids Chapter 6 Gases, Liquids, and Solids States of matter: the physical state of matter depends on a balance between the kinetic energy of particles, which tends to keep them apart, and the attractive forces

More information

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Chapter 11. Freedom of Motion. Comparisons of the States of Matter. Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 11 Comparisons of the States of Matter The solid and liquid states have a much higher density than the gas state The solid and liquid states have similar

More information

General Chemistry I. Dr. PHAN TẠI HUÂN Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University. Module 3: The Three States of Matter

General Chemistry I. Dr. PHAN TẠI HUÂN Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University. Module 3: The Three States of Matter General Chemistry I Dr. PHAN TẠI HUÂN Faculty of Food Science and Technology Nong Lam University Module 3: The Three States of Matter Gas state (Equation of state: ideal gas and real gas). Liquid state

More information

ch 12 acad.notebook January 12, 2016 Ch 12 States of Matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasma, Bose Einstein condensate)

ch 12 acad.notebook January 12, 2016 Ch 12 States of Matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasma, Bose Einstein condensate) Ch 12 States of Matter (solids, liquids, gases, plasma, Bose Einstein condensate) BIG IDEA The kinetic molecular theory explains the different properties of solids, liquids and gases. I CAN: 1) use the

More information

THE PARTICLE MODEL AND PROPERTIES OF THE GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. STATES CHANGES

THE PARTICLE MODEL AND PROPERTIES OF THE GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. STATES CHANGES THE PARTICLE MODEL AND PROPERTIES OF THE GASES, LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. STATES CHANGES The particle model of a gas A gas has no fixed shape or volume, but always spreads out to fill any container. There are

More information

Chapter 3. Preview. Section 1 Three States of Matter. Section 2 Behavior of Gases. Section 3 Changes of State. States of Matter.

Chapter 3. Preview. Section 1 Three States of Matter. Section 2 Behavior of Gases. Section 3 Changes of State. States of Matter. States of Matter Preview Section 1 Three States of Matter Section 2 Behavior of Gases Section 3 Changes of State Concept Mapping Section 1 Three States of Matter Bellringer In the kitchen, you might find

More information

Name _ Class _ Date _

Name _ Class _ Date _ STAT(S O~ MATT(R... CHAPTR TST A A. Matching Match each description in Column B with the correct term in Column A. Write the letter of the correct description in the blank provided. in the same physical

More information

Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Chapter 14

Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Chapter 14 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Chapter 14 Matter & Thermal Energy Matter can exist as a solid, a liquid, a gas or a plasma. The Molecular Kinetic Theory of Matter explains their differences and how they can

More information

Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion Chapter 10 Kinetic Theory (Kinetikos - Moving ) Based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion The motion has consequences Behavior of Gases Physical Properties of Gases Ideal Gas an imaginary

More information

The fundamental difference between. particles.

The fundamental difference between. particles. Gases, Liquids and Solids David A. Katz Department of Chemistry Pima Community College States of Matter The fundamental difference between states t of matter is the distance between particles. States of

More information

Most substances can be in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Most substances can be in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. States of Matter Most substances can be in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Solid Particles Have Fixed Positions The particles in a solid are very close together and have an orderly, fixed arrangement.

More information

Revision Sheet Final Exam Term

Revision Sheet Final Exam Term Revision Sheet Final Exam Term-1 2018-2019 Name: Subject: Chemistry Grade: 11 A, B, C Required Materials: Chapter: 10 Section: 1,2,3,4,5 (Textbook pg. 311-333) Chapter: 11 Section: 1,2, (Textbook pg. 341-355)

More information

Mr. Bracken. Intermolecular Forces Notes #1

Mr. Bracken. Intermolecular Forces Notes #1 Mr. Bracken AP Chemistry Name Period Intermolecular Forces Notes #1 States of Matter: A gas expands to fill its container, has neither a fixed volume nor shape, and is easily compressible. A liquid has

More information

Ch10.4 Attractive Forces

Ch10.4 Attractive Forces Ch10.4 Attractive Forces Intermolecular Forces are the forces holding molecules to each other. Solids have strong forces Gases (vapor) have weak forces Intermolecular forces determine the phase of matter.

More information

The physical state of a substance can be changed by increasing or decreasing its temperature.

The physical state of a substance can be changed by increasing or decreasing its temperature. Chemistry Lecture #63: Changes of State The physical state of a substance can be changed by increasing or decreasing its temperature. For example, a solid substance can be converted into a liquid by heating

More information

Gases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory

Gases. Measuring Temperature Fahrenheit ( o F): Exceptions to the Ideal Gas Law. Kinetic Molecular Theory Ideal gas: a gas in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic (no energy lost) there are no intermolecular attractive forces Think of an ideal gas as a collection of perfectly

More information

Chapter 3. States of Matter

Chapter 3. States of Matter Chapter 3 States of Matter 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas States of Matter Two More (discuss later) Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate States of Matter Solid (definite shape and volume) Particles are tightly packed

More information

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes

Chapter 13 States of Matter Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes Chapter 13 States of Matter 13.2 Forces of Attraction 13.3 Liquids and Solids 13.4 Phase Changes I. Forces of Attraction (13.2) Intramolecular forces? (forces within) Covalent Bonds, Ionic Bonds, and metallic

More information

States of Matter. The Solid State. Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion)

States of Matter. The Solid State. Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion) States of Matter The Solid State Particles are tightly packed, very close together (strong cohesive forces) Low kinetic energy (energy of motion) Fixed shape and volume Crystalline or amorphous structure

More information

1) Of solids, liquids, and gases, the common state of matter is the liquid state.

1) Of solids, liquids, and gases, the common state of matter is the liquid state. I. Properties of LIQUIDS: 1) Of solids, liquids, and gases, the common state of matter is the liquid state. a) can exist only within a relatively narrow range of temperature and pressure. 2) The kinetic-molecular

More information

States of Matter 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016

States of Matter 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 States of Matter 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 States of Matter 2 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are the three states of matter? 3 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 At any given temperature, all substances exist

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

Unit 6. Unit Vocabulary: Distinguish between the three phases of matter by identifying their different

Unit 6. Unit Vocabulary: Distinguish between the three phases of matter by identifying their different *STUDENT* Unit Objectives: Absolute Zero Avogadro s Law Normal Boiling Point Compound Cooling Curve Deposition Energy Element Evaporation Heat Heat of Fusion Heat of Vaporization Unit 6 Unit Vocabulary:

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

Matter changes phase when energy is added or removed

Matter changes phase when energy is added or removed Section 12.4 Phase Changes Explain how the addition and removal of energy can cause a phase change. Interpret a phase diagram. Matter changes phase when energy is added or removed Energy Changes Accompanying

More information

States of Matter. Reviewing Vocabulary. Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.

States of Matter. Reviewing Vocabulary. Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B. Name Date Class States of Matter Reviewing Vocabulary Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B. Column A 1. A measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow 2. The energy required to increase

More information

Unit 1 Lesson 6 Changes of State. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 1 Lesson 6 Changes of State. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company The Fact of the Matter What happens when matter changes state? The three most familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form

More information

Changes of State. Substances in equilibrium change back and forth between states at equal speeds. Main Idea

Changes of State. Substances in equilibrium change back and forth between states at equal speeds. Main Idea Section 4 s Substances in equilibrium change back and forth between states at equal speeds. A liquid boils when it has absorbed enough energy to evaporate. Freezing occurs when a substance loses enough

More information

Unit 4: The Nature of Matter

Unit 4: The Nature of Matter 16 16 Table of Contents Unit 4: The Nature of Matter Chapter 16: Solids, Liquids, and Gases 16.1: Kinetic Theory 16.2: Properties and Fluids 16.3: Behavior of Gases 16.1 Kinetic Theory Kinetic Theory kinetic

More information

4 Discuss and evaluate the 5th state of matter. 3 - Differentiate among the four states of matter in terms of energy,

4 Discuss and evaluate the 5th state of matter. 3 - Differentiate among the four states of matter in terms of energy, Goal: Differentiate among the four states of matter in terms of energy, particle motion, and phase transitions. 4 States of Mater Sections 3.1, 3.2 4 Discuss and evaluate the 5 th state of matter. 3 -

More information

SOLID 1. Make sure your state of matter is set on solid. Write your observations below:

SOLID 1. Make sure your state of matter is set on solid. Write your observations below: Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Properties of Matter: Particle Movement Part 1: Follow the instructions below to complete the activity. Click on the link to open the simulation for this activity: http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/states-of-matter/states-of-matterbasics_en.jnlp***note:

More information

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry

Liquids & Solids. Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry Liquids & Solids Mr. Hollister Holliday Legacy High School Regular & Honors Chemistry 1 Liquids 2 Properties of the States of Matter: Liquids High densities compared to gases. Fluid. The material exhibits

More information

KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY

KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY KINETIC PARTICLE THEORY IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS: The mixing process in gases or solutions due to the random motion of particles is called Diffusion. The process by which a liquid changes into a vapour at

More information

Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page!1. Chemistry A States of Matter Packet

Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page!1. Chemistry A States of Matter Packet Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page!1 Chemistry A States of Matter Packet Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page!2 Worksheet #1: States of Matter In this packet we will

More information

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES

SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES 30 SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS - Here's a brief review of the atomic picture or gases, liquids, and solids GASES * Gas molecules are small compared to the space between them. * Gas molecules move in straight lines

More information

OUTLINE. States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry

OUTLINE. States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry UNIT 6 GASES OUTLINE States of Matter, Forces of Attraction Phase Changes Gases The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry STATES OF MATTER Remember that all matter exists in three physical states: Solid Liquid

More information

A).5 atm B) 1 atm C) 1.5 atm D) 2 atm E) it is impossible to tell

A).5 atm B) 1 atm C) 1.5 atm D) 2 atm E) it is impossible to tell 1. ne atmosphere is equivalent to A) 1.00 g ml 1 B) 22,400 ml ) 273 K D) 760. mmhg E) 298 K 2. A cylinder contains 2.50 L of air at a pressure of 5.00 atmospheres. At what volume, will the air exert a

More information

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces

Chapter 11. Kinetic Molecular Theory. Attractive Forces Chapter 11 KMT for Solids and Liquids Intermolecular Forces Viscosity & Surface Tension Phase Changes Vapor Pressure Phase Diagrams Solid Structure Kinetic Molecular Theory Liquids and solids will experience

More information

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages )

Name Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages ) Name Date Class 13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains

More information

Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page 1. Chemistry A States of Matter Packet

Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page 1. Chemistry A States of Matter Packet Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page 1 Chemistry A States of Matter Packet Chemistry A: States of Matter Packet Name: Hour: Page 2 Worksheet #1: States of Matter In this packet we will

More information

Chapter 14 9/21/15. Solids, Liquids & Gasses. Essential Questions! Kinetic Theory! Gas State! Gas State!

Chapter 14 9/21/15. Solids, Liquids & Gasses. Essential Questions! Kinetic Theory! Gas State! Gas State! Chapter 14 Solids, Liquids & Gasses Essential Questions What is the kinetic theory of matter? How do particles move in the different states of matter? How do particles behave at the boiling and melting

More information

Chapter: States of Matter

Chapter: States of Matter Table of Contents Chapter: States of Matter Section 1: Matter Section 2: Changes of State Section 3: Behavior of Fluids 1 What is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter Matter

More information

Solids (cont.) Describe the movement of particles in a solid and the forces between them.

Solids (cont.) Describe the movement of particles in a solid and the forces between them. Solids A solid is matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. The attractive forces between the particles in a solid are strong and pull them close together. Solids (cont.) Describe the movement

More information

Liquids & Solids. For the condensed states the ave KE is less than the attraction between molecules so they are held together.

Liquids & Solids. For the condensed states the ave KE is less than the attraction between molecules so they are held together. Liquids & Solids Intermolecular Forces Matter exists in 3 states. The state of matter is influenced by the physical properties of a substance. For liquids & solids, the condensed states, many of the physical

More information

Liquids and Solids: The Molecular Kinetic Theory II. Unit 5

Liquids and Solids: The Molecular Kinetic Theory II. Unit 5 Liquids and Solids: The Molecular Kinetic Theory II Unit 5 Energy Definition Energy is the ability to do work. The ability to make something happen. Different Kinds of Energy: Heat (Thermal) Energy energy

More information

Worksheet 1.1. Chapter 1: Quantitative chemistry glossary

Worksheet 1.1. Chapter 1: Quantitative chemistry glossary Worksheet 1.1 Chapter 1: Quantitative chemistry glossary Amount The number of moles of a substance present in a sample. Aqueous solution A solution with water as the solvent. Atmosphere The unit atmosphere

More information

Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases.

Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases. Name: Regents Chemistry: Notes: Unit 8 Gases 1 Name: KEY IDEAS The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain the behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low

More information

Chapter 10. Gases. The Gas Laws

Chapter 10. Gases. The Gas Laws Page 1 of 12 10.1 Characteristics of Gases. Chapter 10. Gases. All substances have three phases; solid, liquid and gas. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as

More information

Investigating the Phase of High Entropy. Pressure

Investigating the Phase of High Entropy. Pressure Name: Investigating the Phase of High Entropy Do Now: Define atmosphere: What gases make up the atmosphere? What factors most strongly affect the weather? and Pressure A pressure gauge records a pressure

More information

Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids

Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids Chemistry 101 Chapter 14 Liquids & Solids States of matter: the physical state of matter depends on a balance between the kinetic energy of particles, which tends to keep them apart, and the attractive

More information

4 States of matter. N Goalby chemrevise.org 1. Ideal Gas Equation

4 States of matter. N Goalby chemrevise.org 1. Ideal Gas Equation 4 States of matter Ideal Gas Equation The ideal gas equation applies to all gases and mixtures of gases. If a mixture of gases is used the value n will be the total moles of all gases in the mixture. The

More information

Kinetic Theory of Matter notes 2012

Kinetic Theory of Matter notes 2012 Kinetic Theory of Matter notes 2012 Kinetic Theory of Matter 3 parts: 1) All matter is made up of and that act as tiny 2) These tiny particles are always in. State of matter depends on its molecular motion

More information

Chapter 2. States of Matter

Chapter 2. States of Matter Chapter 2 States of Matter 2-1 Matter Matter Matter Anything that takes up space and has mass. Is air matter? Yes. It takes up space and has mass. It has atoms. All matter is made up of atoms. ( Dalton

More information

THE PHASES OF MATTER. Solid: holds its shape and does not flow. The molecules in a solid vibrate in place, but on average, don t move very far.

THE PHASES OF MATTER. Solid: holds its shape and does not flow. The molecules in a solid vibrate in place, but on average, don t move very far. THE QUESTIONS What are the phases of matter? What makes these phases different from each other? What is the difference between melting, freezing, boiling and condensation? How do you interpret a Temperature

More information

Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Chapter 6 Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Solids: The particles of a solid have fixed positions and exhibit motions of vibration. Liquids: The particles of a liquid are free to move within

More information