Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols by benzy ltrimethy lammoni urn dichloroiodate
|
|
- Ira Houston
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 40A, May 2001, pp Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols by benzy ltrimethy lammoni urn dichloroiodate Poonam Gupta & Seema Kothari* Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, , India Received 14 June 2000; revised 2 January 200/ The oxidation of a series of aliphatic alcohols by benzyltrimethylammonium dichloroiodate (BTMACI), in glacial acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride, leads to the formation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The reaction is first order each wi th respect to the alcohol, zi nc chloride and BTMACI. Addition of the benzyltrimethylammonium chloride enhances the rate slightly. The oxidation of deuteriated ethanol indicates the presence of a substantial kinetic isotope effect. [PhCH 2 Me 3 Nt[IZn 2 CI 6 r is postulated to be the reactive oxidizing species. The reaction is susceptible to both polar and steric effects of the substituents. A mechanism involving transfer of a hydride ion from the alcohol to the oxidant has been proposed. Benzyltrimethylammonium polyhalides are widely used as halogenating reagents in synthetic organic chemistryl.2. Recently, polymeric benzyltriethylammonium dichloroiodate and dibromoiodate have been used for the addition of halogens to olefins 3 However, they have been scantly used as oxidizing agents in synthetic organic chemistr/ 6. These compounds are more suitable than molecular halogens because of their solid nature, ease of handling, stability, selectivity and excellent product yields. We are interested in the kinetic and mechanistic studies of the newer oxidizing agents and have reported the oxidation of thioacids 7, oxyacids of phosphorus 8, substituted benzyl alcohols 9 and aliphatic aldehydes 10 by benzyltrimethylammonium <.lichloroiodate (BTMACI). In the present note, we report the kinetics of the oxidation of a series of aliphatic alcohols by BTMACI, in glacial acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride. Attempts have been made to correlate rate and structure in this reaction. Mechanistic aspects are discussed. Materials and Methods BTMACI was prepared by the reported method 1 and its purity was checked by an iodometric method. The solutions of BTMACI were freshly prepared in the presence of zinc chloride. The alcohols were commercial products and were purified by the usual methods. [I, 1-2 H 2 ]ethanol was prepared by the reported method". Its isotopic purity, as ascertained by its 1 H NMR spectrum was 90±5%. Acetic acid was refluxed with chromic oxide and acetic anhydride for 6 h and then fractionated. BTMACI is only slightly soluble in acetic acid at room temperature. However, an addition of zinc chloride renders it readily soluble in acetic acid. We found that in the absence of zinc chloride, the strength of a saturated solution of BTMACI in acetic acid is mol dm 3. Addition of zinc chloride (0.002 mol dm. 3 ) increased the solubility of BTMACI and a saturated solution of BTMACI, under these conditions, has strength of mol dm 3. Product analysis Product analysis was carried out under kinetic conditions. In a typical experiment, ethanol (0.3 mol) and BTMACI (0.02 mol) were made up to 100 ml in glacial acetic acid in the presence of 0.06 mol of zinc chloride. The reaction mixture was allowed to stand in the dark for ca. 6 h to ensure completion of the reaction. The solution was then treated with an excess (200 ml) of a saturated solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in 2 mol dm- 3 HCI and kept overnight in a refrigerator. The precipitated 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNP) was filtered off, dried, weighed, recrystallized from ethanol, and weighed again. The yields of DNP before and after recrystallization was 1.39 g (90%) and 1.30 g (82%) respectively. The DNP was found identical (mp and mi xed mp) with the DNP of acetaldehyde. l:1 similar experiments, wi th
2 GUPTA et al. : KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS 475 other alcohols, the yield of the corresponding carbonyl compounds wa:; in the range of 80-91%, after recrystallization. Stoichiometry To determine the stoichiometry, BTMACI (0.005 mol) and ethanol (0.00 I mol) were made up to 100 ml in glacial acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride (0.015 mol dm \ The reaction was allowed to stand for ca. 10 h to ens-ure the completion of the reaction. The residual BTMACI was determined spectrophotometrically at 364 nm. Several determinations, with alcohols showed that the stoichiometry is 1: I. Spectral studies UV-vis spectra of mol dm- 3 of BTMACI alone and in the presence of 0.002, and mol dm- 3 of zinc chloride were obtained using a HP-diode array spectrophotometer (Model 8452A), at 300±3 K. The solvent and blank were glacial acetic acid. The scanning speed was 600 nm s' 1 Kinetic measurements The reactions were carried out under pseudo-first order conditions by maintaining a large excess of the alcohol (x15 times or more) over BTMACI, at constant temperature (±0.1 K). The solvent was glacial acetic acid. The reactions were carried out in the presence of zinc chloride (0.003 mol dm- 3 unless mentioned otherwise) and were followed by monitoring the decrease in [BTMACI] spectrophotometrically at 364 nm for at least three half-lives. The pseudo-first order rate constant, kobs was evaluated from the linear (r 2 > 0.995) plots of log [BTMACI] against time. Duplicate kinetic runs showed that the rate constants were reproducible to within ±3%. The experimental third order rate constant, k 3, was determined from the relationship : k3= kobsf[alcohol] [ZnC1 2 ]. Results and Discussion The rate and other experimental data were obtained for all the alcohols. Since the results are similar, only representative data are reproduced here. The oxidation of aliphatic alcohols by BTMACI results in the formation of the corresponding carbonyl compounds as the main product.. Analyses of products and stoichiometric determinations indicate the following overall reaction. RCH 2 0H+[PhCH 2 Me 3 N]IC1 2 ~ RCHO +PhCHzMe 3 NCl + HCl +HI... (1) The reaction is of first order with respect to BTMACI. Further, the pseudo-first order rate constants do not depend on the initial concentration of BTMACI. The reaction rate increases linearly with an increase in the concentration of the alcohol (Table I). The oxidation of alcohols, under a nitrogen atmosphere, failed to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. Further, an addition of acrylonitrile had no effect on the rate (Table 1 ). The rate of oxidation of alcohols were determined at different temperatures and the activation parameters were calculated (Table 2). To ascertain the importance of the cleavage of an a-c-h bond in the rate-determining step, the oxidation of deuteriated ethanol (MeCD 2 0H) was studied. The results (Table 2) showed that the reaction exhibited a substantial kinetic isotope effect (khiko= 5.99 at 298 K). With an increase in the concentration of zinc chloride the reaction rate increases, for example, under the conditions [BTMACI]=0.001 mol dm- 3, [EtOH]= 1.00 mol dm- 3 at 318 K, when [ZnC1 2 ] was increased from 2.0 to 10.0 mol dm- 3, the corresponding 10 4 kobs increased from 9.95 to 51.0 s 1 A plot of kobs versus [ZnC1 2 ] is linear (r 2 =0.9960) and passes through the origin. An addition of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMACI) enhances the reaction rate slightly. Under similar conditions as above, a variation in 10 3 [BTMACl] from 0.0 to 4.0 mol dm- 3, resulted in an increase in the 10 4 kobs from 15.6 to 33.0 s- 1 Table I-Rate constants for the oxidation of ethanol by BTMACI at 318 K 10 3 [BTMACI]/mol dm- 3 [EtOH]/ mol dm kob/s' o *Contained mol dm' 3 acrylonitrile
3 476 INDIAN J CHEM. SEC. A, MAY 2001 Subst. (R) H Me Et Pr Bu Pri CICH 2 MeOCH 2 Bu' MeCD 2 0H kh 1 ko Table 2-Rate constants and activation parameters of the oxidation of alcohols by BTMACI I 0 2 k 3 (dm 6 mo1" 2 s ') 6. H 6. s 6. c 298 K 308 K 318 K 328 K (kj mo1" 1 ) "" (J mor' K" 1 ) (kj mo1" 1 ) ± ± ± ±0.3 - \ 44.4± ± ± ± ± ±0.5-61±6-89±2-99±4-96±1-103±1-9:,_ 3-86±6-94±4-123±4-98±2 88.8± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.4 A comparison of the UV-vis spectra (Fig. 1) of BTMACI alone and in the presence of different concentrations of ZnC12 showed that the nature of the spectra is not much different in the presence and absence of zinc chloride. However, there is an initial sharp decrease in the absorbance followed by a regular but gradual decrease in the absorbance of BTMACI on further addition of increasing amounts of ZnC12. This clearly showed that a strong complex is formed initially which undergoes further complexation whose concentration increases with an increase in the concentration of ZnC12. From our data on the solubility of BTMACI in the absence and presence of zinc chloride, the value of the equilibrium constant 9, Kh comes to be ca mor' dm 3. This indicates that even at the lowest concentration of zinc chloride used, almost whole of BTMACI will be in the form of complex (A) (Eq. 2). The linear increase in the rate with an increase in the concentration of zinc chloride points to a further complexation (Eq. 3). The role of ZnCh is to coordinate with ICh-. Interhalogen compounds are known to form complexes with Lewis acids like zinc chloride 12. K, [PhCH2Me3NtiCh-+ZnCh "'=7 [PhCH2Me3Nt [IZnCl4r (A)... (2) K2 (A)+ZnCh """' [PhCH2Me3Nt [IZn2Cl6r... (3) (B) In the complexes (A) and (B), the formal oxidation state of iodine is + 1. Despite the lack of evidence for the existence of discrete I+ ions, its stable complexes 0 169~3 i w u z ; a: 0 Ill ~ WAVELENGTH Fig. 1-UV-vis spectra of [A] ( mol dm- 3 BTMACI), [B] ([A] mol dm- 3 ZnCI 2 ), [C] ([A] mol dm- 3 ZnCI 2 ) and [D] ([A] mol dm- 3 ZnCI 2 ); Solvent: glacial acetic acid; Temperature : 300±3 K with donors have been known for a long time The formation of positive iodine species in the sulphuric acid medium has been reported recently 14. Acetic acid is a relatively poor ionizing solvent and formation of ion-pairs in it is a distinct possibility. Therefore, it is probable that complexes (A) and (B) exist as ion-pair in the solvent. The observed dependence on the concentration of zinc chloride indicates that the equilibrium between (A) and (B) is rapid, that the equilibrium constant, K 2, is small and the reaction is not complete even at high concentration of ZnC1 2, and that only the complex (B) is reactive. The small rate-enhancing effect of BTMACl suggests that iodine monochloride (Eq. 4) is not involved in the oxidation process. 400
4 GUPTA eta/.: KINETICS OF OXIDATION OF ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS 477 KJ [PhCH2Me 3 Nt ICl2 "=r [PhCH2Me3N]Cl + ICl... (4) Therefore, (B) is 1 ' the only reactive oxidizing species in the oxidation of alcohols. The formation of the complex is supported by the spectral studies also. The existence of the anion [Zn2CI 6 r 2, in tertahydrofuran, has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography 15 Various metallic salts of [Zn2Cl 6 r 2 are known 16. The linear correlation between log k 3 at 298 K and 328 K (r 2 =0.9990; slope=0.862±0.010) for the nine alcohols shows that an isokinetic relationship exists in the oxidation of alcohols by BTMACI 17 The value of the isokinetic temperature is 927±22K. An isokinetic relationship is a necessary condition for the validity of linear free energy relationships. It also implies that all the alcohols so correlated are oxidized by the similar mechanism 17 The rates of oxidation of the alcohols failed to yield a significant correlation separately with Taft's 18 a * and E. (Eqs. 5 and 6). log k 3 = ± 0.35 a r 2 =0.8949; sd=0.44; n=9 ; temperature=298 K... (5) log k 3 = ± 0.47 E /=0.5248; sd=0.94; n=9; temperature=298 K... (6) The rates were, therefore, correlated in terms of the Pavelich-Taft 19 dual substituent-parameter Eq. (7). log k 3 = p*a * + 8 Es+ log k 0. (7) The values of the substituent constants were obtained from the compilation by Wiberg 18 The correlations are excellent and reaction constants being negative (Table 3). There is no significant collinearity (r 2 = ) between a andes of the nine substituents. The negative polar reaction constant indicates an electron-deficient carbon centre in the transition state of the rate-determining step. The negative steric reaction constant shows a steric acceleration of the reaction. This may be explained by relief of steric Table 3-Temperature dependence of the reaction constants in the oxidation of alcohols by BTMACI T!K p' 8 R 2 sd ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± crowding as the reaction proceeds from an sp 3 hybridised carbon atom in the alcohol towards an sp 2 hybridised carbon atom in the product. Mechanism A hydrogen abstraction mechanism leading to the formation of free radicals may be discounted in view of the failure to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile 20 The cleavage of the a-c-h bond in the rate-determining step is confirmed by the presence of a substantial kinetic isotope effect: The correlation analysis of the substituent effect indicated the presence of a highly electron-deficient reaction centre in the rate-determining step. Therefore, the transfer of a hydride-ion from the alcohol to the oxidant is indicated (Scheme 1). A linear transition state, implied in a hydride-ion transfer through a bimolecular reaction, is supported by the relatively higher magnitude of kinetic isotope effect. RCH20H+[PhCH2Me3Nt[IZn2CI6r ~ + RCHOH + RCHOH + H+ + r + PhCH 2 Me 3 N + 2CI - fa st RCHO+H+ Scheme I We were unable to study the effect of polarity, which might have given supportive evidence to our mechanism, because of the decomposition of the oxidant in water and its insolubility in any other suitable solvent. The proposed mechanism is, however, supported by the observed negative entropy of activation. As the charge separation takes place in the transition state, the two ends become highly solvated. This results in an immobilization of a large number of solvent molecules, reflected in the loss of entropy. Further the bimolecularity of the transition state is also in accordance with the observed negative entropy of activation. Acknowledgement Thanks are due to Prof. K.K. Banerji for his useful suggestions and to the UGC (India) for financial support. References I Fujisaki S, Kajigaeshi S, Kakinami T, Yamasaki H & Okamoto T, Bull chem Soc Japan, 61 ( 1988) Kajigaeshi S, Kakinami T, Moriwaki M, Tanaka T, Fujisaki S & Okamoto T, Bull chem Soc Japan, 62 (1989) Mitra S & Sreekumar K, Indian J Chem, 36B ( 1997) 133.
5 478 INDIAN J CHEM. SEC. A, MAY 200 I 4 Kajigaeshi S. Kawamuki H & Fujisaki S, Bull chem Soc Japan, 62 ( 1989) Kajigaeshi S, Morikawa Y, Fujisaki S, Kakinami T & Nishihira K, Bull chem Soc Japan, 64 ( 1991) Kakinami T, Kajigaeshi S, Morikawa Y, Fujisaki S & Nishihara K, Bull chem Soc Japan, 64 ( 1991) Suri D. Bane1ji K K & Kothari S, Im J chem Kiner. 28 ( 1996) Suri D, Kothari S & Banerji K K, Proc Indian Acad Sci, Chem Sci, 109 ( 1997) Rao P S C. Suri D, Kothari S & Banerji K K, J chem Res (S), (1998) 510; (M) Goswami G, Kothari S & Bane1ji K K, Indian J Chem, 38B ( 1999) II Kaplan L. J Am chem Soc. 80 ( 1958) Downs A J & Adams C J, Comprehensive inorganic chemisny. Vol II, edited by J C Bailer, H J Emeleus, R N Yholm & A F Tritman-Dickenson, (Pergamon Press. Oxford), 1973, Supplement to Mellor's Comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theorirical chemistry, Vol II, edited by H V A Briscoe, A A Eldridge & G M Dyson, (Longmans, London), 1956, Chaikovski V K, Kharlova T S, Filimonov V D & Saryucheva T A, Synthesis, (1999) Cotton FA, Duraj SA, Extine M W, Lewis G E, Roth W J, Schmulbach C D & Schwotzer W, J chem Soc Chem Commun, (1983) Emeleus H 1, In organic chemisny ( MTP International Review of Science), Vol I, (Butlerworths. London) 1973, Exner 0, Prog phys org Chem, L (1973) Johnson C D, The Hamm ert equarion,(university Press, Cambridge), 1966, Pavelich W A & Taft R W, J Am chem Soc, 79 ( 1957) Mehnert R & Brede 0, Radial phys Chem, 23 ( 1984) 463.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of some neutral and acidic α-amino acids by tetrabutylammonium tribromide
J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 116, No. 2, March 2004, pp. 101 106. Indian Academy of Sciences. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of some neutral and acidic α-amino acids by tetrabutylammonium tribromide RAGHVENDRA
More informationKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of some diols by benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 113, No. 1, February 2001, pp 43 54 Indian Academy of Sciences Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of some diols by benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide 1.
More informationKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of primary aliphatic alcohols by pyridinium bromochromate
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 107, No. 3, June 1995, pp. 213-220. 9 Printed in India. Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of primary aliphatic alcohols by pyridinium bromochromate 1. Introduction
More informationKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 112, No. 2, April 2000, pp. 73 81 Indian Academy of Sciences Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of formic and oxalic acids by quinolinium fluorochromate
More informationKinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aliphatic primary alcohols by quinolinium bromochromate
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 115, No. 1, February 2003, pp 75 82 Indian Academy of Sciences Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aliphatic primary alcohols by quinolinium bromochromate
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols by Acidified Dichromate in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY An International Open Free Access, Peer Reviewed Research Journal www.orientjchem.org ISSN: 0970-020 X CODEN: OJCHEG 2014, Vol. 30, No. (3): Pg. 1391-1396 Kinetics and Mechanism
More informationKinetic Study of Oxidation of n-hexanol by Tetramethyl ammonium Fluorochromate
Kinetic Study of Oxidation of n-hexanol by Tetramethyl ammonium Fluorochromate Sayyed Hussain 1 and Syed Yousuf Hussain 2* 1-P.G. Department of Chemistry, Sir Sayyed College Aurangabad 2-Department of
More informationKinetics and mechanism of oxidation of benzyl alcohol by Oxone catalyzed by Keggin type 12-tungstocobaltate(II)
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Archives of Applied Science Research, 2014, 6 (3):133-137 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-508X CODEN (USA) AASRC9 Kinetics
More informationKinetic And Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt Metal Complex By Acidic Potassium Permanganate
International OPEN ACCESS Journal Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Kinetic And Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt Metal Complex By Acidic Potassium Permanganate Sayyed Hussain 1,Sunita Jadhav 1,Sayyed
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net Vol. 5, No.4, pp. 754-760, October 2008 Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol by Benzimidazolium Fluorochromate J. DHARMARAJA,
More informationKinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by 2,2' -bipyridinium chlorochromate
Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 39A, November2000, pp. 1169-1173 Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes by 2,2' -bipyridinium chlorochromate Vinita Kumbhat, Pradeep K Sharma & Kalyan
More informationResults. Keywords: isonicotinic acid hydrazide, kinetics, thallium(iii), oxidation
International Journal of ChemTech Research CDEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 09744290 Vol.1, No.2, pp 270274, AprilJune 2009 Kinetic and Mechanistic study of oxidation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide by Thallium
More informationOxidation of Aromatic Monoethers by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium A Kinetic Approach
6 Oxidation of Aromatic Monoethers by N-Chloronicotinamide in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium A Kinetic Approach V. Priya, PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil
More informationKinetic and Mechanistic Approach of N- Chlorosaccharin Oxidation of some Non Vicinal Poly hydroxy Alcohols
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.2, No.3, pp 1480-1485, July-Sept 2010 Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach of N- Chlorosaccharin Oxidation of some Non Vicinal
More informationChapter 5. Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism. by G.DEEPA
Chapter 5 Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism by G.DEEPA 1 Introduction The polarity of a carbon halogen bond leads to the carbon having a partial positive charge In alkyl halides this polarity
More informationKinetic Isotope Effects
1 Experiment 31 Kinetic Isotope Effects Isotopic substitution is a useful technique for the probing of reaction mechanisms. The change of an isotope may affect the reaction rate in a number of ways, providing
More informationStructure-reactivity correlation in the oxidation of ortho-substituted benzaldehydes by Tetrakis (pyridine) Silver Dichromate
Structure-reactivity correlation in the oxidation of ortho-substituted benzaldehydes by Tetrakis (pyridine) Silver Dichromate Amol P. Kharche, Dr.Indu M. Shastri * Department of Chemistry, R.D.and S.H.
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(12): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2017, 9(12):143-147 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 A Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Cetirizine Hydrochloride
More informationKinetic Study of Oxidation of Acettyl Acetone by Nicotinium Dichromate
Nano Vision, Vol.3 (2), 70-74 (2013) Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Acettyl Acetone by Nicotinium Dichromate S.K. NIGAM #, PRIYANKA PATEL *, AKS TIWARI # and ANITA TIWARI # * Guest Lecturer, Govt. Tilak
More informationKinetic Studies on The Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol and Substituted Benzyl Alcohols in Organic Medium under Phase Transfer Catalysis
Available online at BCREC Website: http://bcrec.undip.ac.id Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 9 (2), 2014, 142-147 Research Article Kinetic Studies on The Selective xidation of Benzyl
More informationOrganic Catalysis in Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol by Pyridinium Flourochromate - A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
http://www.e-journals.in Chemical Science Transactions DOI:10.7598/cst2015.1023 2015, 4(2), 559-569 RESEARCH ARTICLE Organic Catalysis in Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol by Pyridinium Flourochromate - A
More informationNucleophilic Substitution Synthesis of 1-Iodobutane.
Nucleophilic Substitution Synthesis of 1-Iodobutane Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl alides: Synthesis of 1-Iodobutane C 4 9 Br MW 137.02 d 1.28 g/ml BP 100-104 o C Br + NaI I + NaBr 1-Bromobutane is
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2013, 4(1):100-104 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Oxidation of S-phenylmercaptoacetic acid by quinoxalinium dichromate K. G. Sekar*
More informationSolvation model for the oxidation of methionine by imidazolium fluorochromate in aqueous acetic acid medium
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 71 (1) 19 25 (2006) UDC 577.112.386+66.094.3+531.3+541.126 JSCS 3395 Original scientific paper Solvation model for the oxidation of methionine by imidazolium fluorochromate in aqueous
More informationAP Chem Final Practice Questions (Set #1)
AP Chem Final Practice Questions (Set #1) 1. Which gas is least soluble in water? (A) H 2 (B) CO 2 (C) NH 3 (D) SO 2 2. Identify every process that is a chemical change. 1. cooling 2. evaporating 3. rusting
More informationOxidation of Some Aliphatic Alcohols by Pyridinium Chlorochromate -Kinetics and Mechanism
ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E- Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2009, 6(1), 237-246 Oxidation of Some Aliphatic Alcohols by Pyridinium Chlorochromate -Kinetics and Mechanism SAPANA JAIN *, B. L. HIRAN
More informationBackground Information
ackground nformation ntroduction to Condensation eactions Condensation reactions occur between the α-carbon of one carbonyl-containing functional group and the carbonyl carbon of a second carbonyl-containing
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available on line www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(1):529-535 Oxidation of Amino acids by Manganese (III)
More informationOXIDATION OF SOME ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES BY QUINOLINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE: A KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDY
xidation f some aliphatic aldehydes with quinolinium chlorochromate XIDATIN F SME ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES BY QUINLINIUM CHLRCHRMATE: A KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDY Seema Panwar [a], Shilpa Pohani [a], Preeti
More informationIJRE Vol. 03 No. 04 April ijre.org
69 Kinetics and Correlation Analysis of Reactivity in the Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols by Benzimidazolium Dichromate Rakesh kumar 1 and Mamita 1-RK P.G. College Bissau, Jhunjhunu (Raj) 33107 (India)
More informationOrganolithium Compounds *
OpenStax-CNX module: m32444 1 Organolithium Compounds * Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 One of the major uses of lithium
More informationKinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Malic Acid by Morpholinium Fluorochromate in Aqueous Acetonitrile Medium
DI:10.7598/cst2016.1160 Chemical Science Transactions ISSN:2278-3458 2016, 5(1), 258-264 RESEARC ARTICLE Kinetics and Mechanism of xidation of Malic Acid by Morpholinium Fluorochromate in Aqueous Acetonitrile
More informationBut in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).
Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation
More informationOxidation of Some Primary Amines by Bromamine-T in Alkaline Medium: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study
Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science received 7/10/98 (2000), Volume 93, #1, pp. 25-38 accepted 12/16/98 Oxidation of Some Primary Amines by Bromamine-T in Alkaline Medium: A Kinetic and
More informationKinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of methionine by quinolinium chlorochromate
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 70 (2) 145 151 (2005) UDC 577.112.386:531.3:66.094.3 JSCS 3257 Original scientific paper Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of methionine by quinolinium chlorochromate M. PANDEESWARAN,
More informationChapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
Chapter 10: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives The back of the white willow tree (Salix alba) is a source of salicylic acid which is used to make aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) The functional group
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2012, 3(5):1108-1112 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 Oxidation of Ethyl -2-Chloropropionate by Potassium permanganate in acidic
More informationNucleophilic substitution at a benzylic carbon by an ambident nucleophile---a linear free energy relationship
Proc. Indian Aead. Sci., Vol. 88 A, Part I, Number 5, ctober 1979, pp. 329-335, printed in India Nucleophilic substitution at a benzylic carbon by an ambident nucleophile---a linear free energy relationship
More informationTitle. Author(s)BALASUBRAMANIAN, K.; KURIACOSE, J. C. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information FERRITE SPINEL
Title KINETICS OF REACTIONS OF ACETIC ACID AND 2-PROPANOL FERRITE SPINEL Author(s)BALASUBRAMANIAN, K.; KURIACOSE, J. C. CitationJOURNAL OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CATALYSIS HOKK Issue Date 1983-11 Doc
More informationVILAS Y. SONAWANE, SUBASH D. LAKDE and J.S. PATIL
Oriental Journal of Chemistry Vol. 26(3), 995-1000 (2010) Development of green and of polymer-supported chromic acid on strong anion exchange resin for oxidation of secondary alcohol - A kinetic and mechanistic
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *6897461207* CHEMISTRY 9701/22 Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions May/June 2016 1 hour 15 minutes
More informationMechanism of oxidation of L-methionine by iron(iii)-1,10-phenanthroline complex A kinetic study
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 113, No. 4, August 001, pp 351 359 Indian Academy of Sciences Mechanism of oxidation of L-methionine by iron(iii)-1,10-phenanthroline complex A kinetic study
More informationSodium Borohydride Reduction of Benzoin
Sodium Borohydride Reduction of Benzoin Introduction The most common and useful reducing agents for reducing aldehydes, ketones, and other functional groups are metal hydride reagents. The two most common
More informationKinetic and mechanistic studies on the hypochlorite oxidation of 1-phenyl ethanol and its para substituted derivatives in aqueous acetic acid medium
International Journal of hemtech Research ODEN (USA): IJRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555 Vol.10 No.7, pp 5-40, 2017 Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the hypochlorite oxidation of 1-phenyl
More informationThe kinetic and mechanistic study
Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. Vol. 32(2), 147-154 (2017). Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of Maltose by Potassium Permanganate in Sulphuric acid medium Yugendra Kumar Soni, S.K. Chatterjee and K.N.
More information18.8 Oxidation. Oxidation by silver ion requires an alkaline medium
18.8 Oxidation Oxidation by silver ion requires an alkaline medium Test for detecting aldehydes Tollens reagent to prevent precipitation of the insoluble silver oxide, a complexing agent is added: ammonia
More informationCorrelation analysis of reactivity in the oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols by morpholinium chlorochromate
Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 47A, May 2008, pp. 669-676 Correlation analysis of reactivity in the oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols by morpholinium chlorochromate Neelam Soni, Vandana Tiwari
More informationKinetics and mechanism of anation of cis-diaquo-bisoxalatochromate(lll) ion by DL-alanine in ethanol-water mixtures of varying dielectric constant
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.), Vol. 101, No. 3, June 1989, pp. 187-194. 9 Printed in India. Kinetics and mechanism of anation of cis-diaquo-bisoxalatochromate(lll) ion by DL-alanine in ethanol-water
More informationKinetics and Mechnism of Oxidation of Benzhydrol by 4-Methyl Pyridinium Di Chromate in Acetic Acid Water Medium
International Journal of Chemistry and Applications. ISSN 0974-3111 Volume 5, Number 1 (2013), pp. 45-53 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Kinetics and Mechnism of Oxidation
More informationSupporting Information. for. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Z Wiley-VCH 2003
Supporting Information for Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Z53001 Wiley-VCH 2003 69451 Weinheim, Germany 1 Ordered Self-Assembly and Electronic Behavior of C 60 -Anthrylphenylacetylene Hybrid ** Seok Ho Kang 1,
More informationKinetic features of the oxidation of secondary alcohol by polymer - supported chromic acid
Kinetic features of the oxidation of secondary alcohol by polymer - supported chromic acid Vilas Y. Sonawane* and Nandini. Hilage. a * Department of Chemistry, Bhausaheb Nene Arts, Science and Comm. College,
More informationPrelab Assignmet Date, Title, Introduction. You will complete the procedures during the lab period as you plan for each test.
1 Qualitative Analysis Prelab Assignmet Date, Title, Introduction. You will complete the procedures during the lab period as you plan for each test. Introduction In this experiment you will be determining
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols 45 -Alcohols have the general formula R-OH and are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group, -OH. -Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an
More informationSTRUCTURE REACTIVITY CORRELATION IN THE OXIDATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZALDEHYDES BY MORPHOLINIUM FLUOROCHROMATES
STRUCTURE REACTIVITY CORRELATION IN THE OXIDATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZALDEHYDES BY MORPHOLINIUM FLUOROCHROMATES Vinita Purohit and *Pallavi Mishra Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, 342005, Rajasthan
More informationSelective Synthesis of Benzaldehydes by Hypochlorite Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols under Phase Transfer. catalysis
Available online at BCREC Website: http://bcrec.undip.ac.id Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 10 (1), 2015, 38-42 Research Article Selective Synthesis of Benzaldehydes by Hypochlorite
More informationAtovaquone: An Antipneumocystic Agent
Atovaquone: An Antipneumocystic Agent Atovaquone is a pharmaceutical compound marketed in the United States under different combinations to prevent and treat pneumocystosis and malaria. In a report from
More information2-Hydroxy-4-n-propoxy-5-bromoacetophenone (HnPBAO) oxime as a gravimetric reagent for Ni(II) and Cu(II) and spectrophotometric study of the complexes
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Der Chemica Sinica, 2010, 1 (3): 100-106 ISSN: 0976-8505 CODEN (USA) CSHIA5 2-Hydroxy-4-n-propoxy-5-bromoacetophenone (HnPBAO)
More informationInternational Journal of Chemical Studies
ISSN: 2321-4902 Volume 1 Issue 4 nline Available at www.chemijournal.com International Journal of Chemical Studies olymer Supported Sodium Chromate xidation of 1- henylethanol: A Kinetic Mechanistic Study
More informationChemistry Assessment Unit A2 1
Centre Number 71 Candidate Number ADVANCED General Certificate of Education January 2013 Chemistry Assessment Unit A2 1 assessing Periodic Trends and Further Organic, Physical and Inorganic Chemistry AC212
More informationA dual-model and on off fluorescent Al 3+ /Cu 2+ - chemosensor and the detection of F /Al 3+ with in situ prepared Al 3+ /Cu 2+ complex
Supporting Information (SI) A dual-model and on off fluorescent Al 3+ /Cu 2+ - chemosensor and the detection of F /Al 3+ with in situ prepared Al 3+ /Cu 2+ complex Xiaoya Li, Mingming Yu, Faliu Yang, Xingjiang
More informationCHEM 344 Fall 2015 Final Exam (100 pts)
CHEM 344 Fall 2015 Final Exam (100 pts) Name: TA Name: DO NOT REMOVE ANY PAGES FROM THIS EXAM PACKET. Have a swell winter break. Directions for drawing molecules, reactions, and electron-pushing mechanisms:
More informationChem 263 Notes March 2, 2006
Chem 263 Notes March 2, 2006 Average for the midterm is 102.5 / 150 (approx. 68%). Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones There are several methods to prepare aldehydes and ketones. We will only deal with
More informationSOLVENT EFFECTS ON P VALUES OF THE HAMMETT' EQUATION FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF BENZYLIDENE BENZOYLHYDRAZONES
n-najah J. Res. Vol. 1( 1989) Number 6 Mohammed A. AL-Nud Short Communication SOLVENT EFFECTS ON P VALUES OF THE HAMMETT' EQUATION FOR THE HYDROLYSIS OF BENZYLIDENE BENZOYLHYDRAZONES Mohammed A. AL-Nuri*,
More informationChapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group
Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group In Chapter 18 Additions to the Carbonyl Groups In Chapter 19 Substitutions at the Carbonyl Group O O - - O - O R Y R C+ Y R Y Nu -Ȳ R N u + Y=goodleavinggroup
More informationMechanistic Aspects of Oxidation of 1- Phenylethanol by N-Bromophthalimide in Aqueous Acetic acid A Kinetic Study
International Journal of ChemTech Research CDEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.2, No.4, pp 2150-2155, ct-dec 2010 Mechanistic Aspects of xidation of 1- Phenylethanol by N-Bromophthalimide in Aqueous
More informationSupramolecular Free Radicals: Near-infrared Organic Materials with Enhanced Photothermal Conversion. Supporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supramolecular Free Radicals: Near-infrared Organic Materials with Enhanced Photothermal
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Chemica Sinica, 2012, 3(3):703707 Kinetics of oxidation of allyl alcohol by imidazoliumdichromate K. G. Sekar *1 and M. Vellaisamy 2 ISSN: 09768505
More informationChapter 15 Dienes, Resonance, and Aromaticity
Instructor Supplemental Solutions to Problems 2010 Roberts and Company Publishers Chapter 15 Dienes, Resonance, and Aromaticity Solutions to In-Text Problems 15.2 The delocalization energy is the energy
More informationKeynotes in Organic Chemistry
Keynotes in Organic Chemistry Second Edition ANDREW F. PARSONS Department of Chemistry, University of York, UK Wiley Contents Preface xi 1 Structure and bonding 1 1.1 Ionic versus covalent bonds 1 1.2
More informationLab 11 Guide: Nucleophilic Substitution (Nov 10 16)
Lab 11 Guide: Nucleophilic Substitution (Nov 10 16) Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides, Exp. 17A, B, and C, pages 187-192 in Taber This week you will be doing examining real life S N 1 and S N
More informationKINETICS OF OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS BY CHLOROPENTAMINE COBALT(III) CHLORIDE IN NaOH MEDIUM. A MECHANISTIC STUDY
Research Article Latona Dayo Felix et al, Carib.j.Sciech, 016, Vol.4, 931-938 KINEICS OF OXIDAION OF ALCOHOLS BY CHLOROPENAMINE COBAL(III) CHLORIDE IN NaOH MEDIUM. A MECHANISIC SUDY Authors & Affiliation:
More informationPaper Reference. Advanced Unit Test 6B (Synoptic) Thursday 18 June 2009 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Centre No. Paper Reference Surname Initial(s) Candidate No. 6 2 4 6 0 2 Signature Paper Reference(s) 6246/02 Edexcel GCE Chemistry Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Advanced Unit Test 6B (Synoptic)
More informationStudent Manual for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Using a Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System
Student Manual for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Using a Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System icholas J. Hill, Jessica M. Hoover and Shannon S. Stahl* Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101
More informationSelective total encapsulation of the sulfate anion by neutral nano-jars
Supporting Information for Selective total encapsulation of the sulfate anion by neutral nano-jars Isurika R. Fernando, Stuart A. Surmann, Alexander A. Urech, Alexander M. Poulsen and Gellert Mezei* Department
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level *0516596213* CEMISTRY 9701/42 Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions February/March 2016 2 hours Candidates
More informationClass XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts
Class XII: Chemistry Chapter 13: Amines Top concepts 1. Amines are regarded as derivatives of ammonia in which one, two or all three hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl group 2. Classification
More information1 Answer. 2 Answer A B C D
216 W10-Exam #1 Page 1 of 9. I. (8 points) 1) Given below are infrared (IR) spectra of four compounds. The structures of compounds are given below. Assign each spectrum to its compound by putting the letter
More informationExperiment 3: Preparation of Lidocaine
Experiment 3: Preparation of Lidocaine This two-step synthesis involves the following conversion: 2,6-dimethylaniline α- chloro-2, 6-dimethylacetanilide Lidocaine. This synthetic scheme is shown in equation
More informationD. X. Hu Towards Catalytic Enantioselective Halogenation of Alkenes Burns Group
D. X. Hu Towards Catalytic Enantioselective Halogenation of Alkenes Burns Group Literature Review Organic Synthesis 10, 20, 50 Years from Now? Catalytic Enantioselective Halogenation October 6 th, 2012
More informationChapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones Excluded Sections:
Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones Excluded Sections: 9.14-9.19 Aldehydes and ketones are found in many fragrant odors of many fruits, fine perfumes, hormones etc. some examples are listed below. Aldehydes
More informationResearch Article. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of ketoacids by N-bromophthalimide in aqueous acetic acid medium
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8):267-272 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CDEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of ketoacids
More informationICSE Board Class X Chemistry Board Paper Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80
ICSE Board Class X Chemistry Board Paper 2011 Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80 General Instructions: 1. Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. 2. You will NOT be allowed to
More informationThe effect of solvent on the kinetics of the oxidation of benzaldehydes by quinolinium chlorochromate in aqueous organic solvent media
J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 67(12)803 808(2002) UDC 547.571:531.3+542.943+547.831 JSCS 3004 Original scientific paper The effect of solvent on the kinetics of the oxidation of benzaldehydes by quinolinium chlorochromate
More informationElectronic supporting information for
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Electronic supporting information for The effects of an ionic liquid on
More informationHonors Cup Synthetic Proposal
onors Cup Synthetic Proposal Section: 270-V Group Members: Azhar Carim, Ian Cross, Albert Tang Title: Synthesis of indigo from -(2-bromoethyl)-2-nitrobenzamide Introduction: Indigo has been used as a dye
More informationQ1. Ammonia is used in the production of fertilisers. The flow diagram shows the main stages in the manufacture of ammonia.
Q1. Ammonia is used in the production of fertilisers. The flow diagram shows the main stages in the manufacture of ammonia. Study the flow diagram and then answer the questions. (a) What is the purpose
More informationPreparation of Alkyl Halides, R-X. Reaction of alkanes with Cl 2 & Br 2 (F 2 is too reactive, I 2 is unreactive): R + X X 2.
Preparation of Alkyl alides, R-X Reaction of alkanes with Cl 2 & Br 2 (F 2 is too reactive, I 2 is unreactive): UV R + X 2 R X or heat + X This mechanism involves a free radical chain reaction. A chain
More information(a) (i) Give the equation representing the overall reaction. (1) Give the equation representing the formation of the electrophile.
1. Benzene reacts with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid at about 50 º in an electrophilic substitution reaction to give nitrobenzene. (a) Give the equation representing
More information-SHORT COMMUNICATION- THE ROLE OF SOLVENT ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF SOLICYLIDENE BENZOYL HYDRAZONE MAHER ABU-EID
AN-NAJ. J. RES.,JAN.1988,SEC.II,VOL.I,N0.5, 28-34. 28 -SHORT COMMUNICATION- THE ROLE OF SOLVENT ON THE KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF SOLICYLIDENE BENZOYL HYDRAZONE BY MAHER ABU-EID Chemistry
More informationA kinetic study of the mechanism of oxidation of arabinose, fructose and lactose by peroxydisulphate
International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, () (5) www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijbas Science Publishing Corporation doi:.9/ijbas.vi.6 Research Paper A kinetic study of the mechanism of oxidation
More informationAssistant Lecturer: Sahar Mohammed Shakir Assistant Lecturer: Sarah Sattar Jabbar
Assistant Lecturer: Sahar Mohammed Shakir Assistant Lecturer: Sarah Sattar Jabbar Structure Aldehydes are cpd.s of the general formula R ; Ketones are cpd.s of the general formula RŔ. The groups R and
More informationKINETICS AND MECHANISM OF KEGGIN TYPE 12-TUNGSTOCOBALTATE (II) CATALYZED POTASSIUM IODIDE OXIDATION BY PERBORATE
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 12(1), 2014, 145-154 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF KEGGIN TYPE 12-TUNGSTOCOBALTATE (II) CATALYZED POTASSIUM IODIDE OXIDATION BY PERBORATE D. S.
More information2 Answer all the questions. 1 Nitrogen monoxide is formed when nitrogen and oxygen from the air combine. (g) + O 2
2 Answer all the questions. 1 Nitrogen monoxide is formed when nitrogen and oxygen from the air combine. N 2 (g) + 2 (g) 2N(g) equation 1.1 Under normal atmospheric conditions, a further reaction occurs
More informationChapter 8. Acidity, Basicity and pk a
Chapter 8 Acidity, Basicity and pk a p182 In this reaction water is acting as a base, according to our definition above, by accepting a proton from HCl which in turn is acting as an acid by donating a
More informationAldehydes & Ketones I
2302272 Org Chem II Part I Lecture 3 Aldehydes & Ketones I Instructor: Dr. Tanatorn Khotavivattana E-mail: tanatorn.k@chula.ac.th Recommended Textbook: Chapter 18 in Organic Chemistry, 8 th Edition, L.
More informationFor the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state.
1. (a) By referring to electrons, explain the meaning of the term oxidising agent.... For the element X in the ionic compound MX, explain the meaning of the term oxidation state.... (c) Complete the table
More informationChem 263 Nov 24, Properties of Carboxylic Acids
Chem 263 ov 24, 2009 Properties of Carboxylic Acids Since carboxylic acids are structurally related to both ketones and aldehydes, we would expect to see some similar structural properties. The carbonyl
More informationPreparation of Aliphatic Amines by the Leuckart Reaction
Preparation of Aliphatic Amines by the Leuckart Reaction Lin Yang, Rongji Dai, Wei Liu and Yulin Deng, School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street,
More informationCHAPTER - V MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS BY NBN
37 CHAPTER - V MECHANISM OF OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS BY NBN Before proposing a probable mechanism for the oxidation of amino acids by NBN, the inetic results of the present investigation are summed up
More information(Neither an oxidation or reduction: Addition or loss of H +, H 2 O, HX).
eactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. xidation is a
More information