+ 3H 2 2NH 3. Complete the sentence. [1 mark] The forward reaction is exothermic, so the reverse reaction is. ). Relative atomic masses (A r
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1 2 6 This question is about ammonia and fertilisers. 6 (a) Ammonia is produced by a reversible reaction. The equation for the reaction is: N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 Complete the sentence. The forward reaction is exothermic, so the reverse reaction is. 6 (b) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonia (NH 3 ). Relative atomic masses (A r ): H = 1; N = 14 You must show how you work out your answer. [3 marks] Percentage by mass of nitrogen = % (2)
2 21 6 (c) A neutral solution can be produced when ammonia reacts with an acid. 6 (c) (i) Give the ph of a neutral solution. ph 6 (c) (ii) Which of these ionic equations shows a neutralisation reaction? Tick ( ) one. H + + OH H 2 O NH OH NH 4 OH H + + Cl HCl H + + H 2 O H 3 O + 6 (c) (iii) Name the salt produced when ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid. Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over (21)
3 22 6 (d) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Farmers use ammonium nitrate as a fertiliser for crops. Rainwater dissolves ammonium nitrate in the soil. Some of the dissolved ammonium nitrate runs off into rivers and lakes. Figure 12 shows three graphs A, B and C. The graphs show information about the use of ammonium nitrate as a fertiliser. A hectare is a measurement of an area of land. 95 Figure 12 Graph A 9 Crop yield in kg per hectare Mass of ammonium nitrate in kg per hectare Graph B 5 Profit in per hectare Mass of ammonium nitrate in kg per hectare Graph C 5 Mass of ammonium nitrate running off in kg per hectare Mass of ammonium nitrate in kg per hectare 5 (22)
4 23 Suggest how much ammonium nitrate farmers should use per hectare. Give reasons for your answer. Use information from graphs A, B and C. [6 marks] Extra space 13 END OF QUESTIONS (23)
5 MARK SCHEME GCSE CHEMISTRY CH2FP JUNE 216 Question Answers Extra information Mark AO / SpecRef 6(a) endothermic 1 AO d 6(b) 82 (%) correct answer with working gains 3 marks if 17 or 34 not shown in working max 2 marks accept 82.4 accept to full calculator display ( ) correctly rounded to at least 2 sf 3 AO a, 2.3.1f if no answer or incorrect answer, then (M r =) 17 gains 1 mark or 14/17 gains 2 marks OR (2M r =) 34 gains 1 mark or 28/34 gains 2 marks OR 14/their M r shown gains 1 mark or correct calculation of 14/their M r gains 2 marks 6(c)(i) 7 / seven 1 AO d 6(c)(ii) H + + OH - H 2 O 1 AO e 6(c)(iii) ammonium chloride allow NH 4 Cl ignore an incorrect formula 1 AO b Question 6 continues on the next page 11 of 12
6 MARK SCHEME GCSE CHEMISTRY CH2FP JUNE 216 Question 6 continued Question Answers Extra information Mark AO / SpecRef 6(d) 6 2AO2 / 4AO3 Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written 2.6.2c Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. Examiners should also refer to the information on page 5 and apply a best-fit approach to the marking. marks Level 1 (1 2 marks) Level 2 (3 4 marks) Level 3 (5 6 marks) No relevant content. Suggestion with a reference to a graph. Suggestion with reasons referring to more than one graph. Suggestion with reasons from all three graphs, and linking of ideas which may explain a compromise. Examples of chemistry points made in response: A reasonable suggested amount of fertiliser would be in the region of 2 kg (per ha). Accept any suggestion from about 18 kg (per ha) to 5 kg (per ha). Yield: Using fertiliser improves yield. Yield improved most up to about 2 kg (per ha) of fertiliser. Yield only increased slightly above about 2 kg (per ha). Profit: About 2 kg of fertiliser gives the most profit. Above about 2 kg (per ha) of fertiliser profit declines. Run off: Run off is at low levels until about 3 kg (per ha) of fertiliser. Above about 3 kg (per ha) of fertiliser, run off increases. Examples of linking of ideas: Overall 2 kg gives high crop yield and most profit. In conclusion 2 kg gives high crop yield and low run off. 2 kg gives most profit and low run off. Examples of compromise: Profits go down after about 2 kg (per ha) of fertiliser because cost of fertiliser is not covered by increased yield. 2 kg gives the highest profit although it is not the highest yield. 5 kg gives the best yield but has the most runoff. Total of 12
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